高海拔藏区电网工程信息化管控设计

本文综合利用多种信息化技术进行高海拔藏区电网工程管控系统方案的设计,通过对工程建设业务管理需求的分析,整合移动应用、生物识别等技术手段开展建设过程中人员、风险、作业过程的业务管理,形成一套服务于工程管理的技术方案,为电网工程建设的信息化管理提供参考。

医疗卫生精准扶贫高海拔藏区贫困县的思考与建议

采用社会调查方法了解四川省甘孜县卫生事业发展的现状,分析制约其卫生事业发展的因素,为医疗卫生精准扶贫甘孜县提出建议。从现有卫生政策、居民健康观念、卫生人才队伍、卫生资源配置等方面阐明了甘孜县卫生事业发展所遇到的困难。由此提出通过加强卫生政策研究、借力社会文化、整合卫生资源、加强公共卫生能力建设、开发卫生人力资源、深化对口支援等方面来做好医疗卫生精准扶贫工作,促进甘孜县卫生事业发展。

青海省高海拔藏区妊娠期牙龈炎患病情况分析

目的:调查青海省高海拔藏区(甘德县海拔4020m)孕妇妊娠期牙龈炎的患病情况,并与西宁地区孕妇妊娠期牙龈炎患病情况进行比较并分析原因,了解缺氧环境对妊娠期牙龈炎的影响。方法:选择50例甘德县孕妇为观察组,50例西宁地区孕妇为对照组,两组备孕阶段均进行超声波龈上洁治,孕前指导每天刷牙次数及正确刷牙方法,跟踪检查两组孕妇妊娠期牙龈炎患病情况。结果:孕期检查妊娠期牙龈炎患病率观察组为54.0%,对照组为12.0%,观察组妊娠期牙龈炎的患病率显著高于对照组(P<0.001)。结论:高海拔地区缺氧对妊娠期牙龈炎有一定影响。

高寒高海拔地区太阳能集中供暖技术及其应用

西藏地处高寒高海拔地区,太阳能资源丰富、气候干燥寒冷、生态环境脆弱、冬季时间长、昼夜温差大,迫切需要解决冬季供暖问题。根据当地资源特征、气候条件、公共和民用建筑的供暖需求,通过产品和技术创新,研发出适用于高寒高海拔地区的大型太阳能集中储热供暖系统。该供暖技术已在海拔4500 m的山南浪卡子县城和海拔4700 m的日喀则仲巴县城进行了大型太阳能集中供暖示范工程验证。供暖季的实践表明:示范工程运行安全稳定、技术先进可靠、年运行维护费用低,较好地满足了西藏对清洁能源供暖的需求。研究结果可为西藏和青海等高寒高海拔地区利用清洁能源供暖提供技术支撑和解决方案。

高海拔地区大白菜栽培技术

本文根据马尔康高海拔地区的实际情况,对大白菜的栽培技术提出了初浅的认识。

High-altitude gastrointestinal bleeding:An observation in Qinghai-Tibetan railroad construction workers on Mountain Tanggula

AIM: To investigate the gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) in people from lowland to high altitude and in workers on Mountain Tanggula and its causes as well as treatment and prophylaxis.METHODS: From 2001 to October 2003, we studied GIB in 13 502 workers constructing the railroad on Mountain Tanggula which is 4905 m above the sea level. The incidence of GIB in workers at different altitudes was recorded. Endoscopy was performed when the workers evacuated to Golmud (2808 m) and Xining (2261 m). The available data on altitude GIB were analyzed.RESULTS: The overall incidence of GIB was 0.49% in 13 502 workers. The incidence increased with increasing altitude. The onset of symptoms in most patients was within three weeks after arrival at high altitude. Bleeding manifested as hematemesis, melaena or hematochezia, and might be occult. Endoscopic examination showed that the causes of altitude GIB included hemorrhage gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, and gastric erosion. Experimental studies suggested that acute gastric mucosal lesion (AGML) could be induced by hypoxic and cold stress, which might be the pathogenesis of altitude GIB. Those who consumed large amount of alcohol, aspirin or dexamethasone were at a higher risk of developing GIB. Persons who previously suffered from peptic ulcer or high-altitude polycythemia were also at risk of developing GIB. Early diagnosis, evacuation, and treatment led to early recovery. CONCLUSION: GIB is a potentially life threatening disease, if it is not treated promptly and effectively. Early diagnosis, treatment and evacuation lead to an early recovery. Death due to altitude GIB can be avoided if early symptoms and signs are recognized.

Medical mountain rescue in the Yushu Earthquake: Have lessons been learned?

On April 14,2010,an earthquake reaching Richter scale 7.1 struck Jiegu Town of Yushu,a mountain rescue operation promptly launched. All injurers had a direct assess to take medical care,and were immediately rescued and rapidly evacuated by air to Xining and Golmud at lower altitudes and admitted to advanced hospitals. Almost all of the injurers have been completely recovered. Yushu Earthquake was one of the highest earthquakes in the world,with a high incidence of acute altitude illness,which was observed in about 80 % of the lowland rescuers at an altitude of 4 000 m."Rescue the rescuers"became the major task of Qinghai-Tibetan rescue teams,all the severe patients were rapidly descended to Xining and treated promptly and effectively. The outcome was excellent,all patients survived. After the earthquake,it is a long and arduous task to reconstruct what has been destroyed. Medical teams continue to work in the Yushu Earthquake area because about 30 000 workers and carders are now here for rebuilding the earthquake center. Thus the prevention and treatment of altitude illness are still critical tasks for medical teams. Although all the fights are successful,there are more experiences and lessons we have learned from the medical mountain rescue during the earthquake and the reconstruction,and reports here are to sum up our experiences from the medical mountain rescue operation in Yushu Earthquake and draw the lessons that we should learn. With the increasing of earthquake probability occurring in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,we also should prepare against earthquake disasters and for further rescue training in the high mountains.

Local changes in snow depth dominate the evolving pattern of elevation-dependent warming on the Tibetan Plateau

Elevation-dependent warming(EDW),whereby warming rates are stratified by elevation,may increase the threat to the life-supporting solid water reservoir on the Tibetan Plateau.Previous studies have debated whether EDW exists and how it is driven.Using temperatures at 133 weather stations on the Tibetan Plateau during 17 different periods generated using a 30-year sliding window over 1973-2018,this study finds that the existence of EDW varies as the period moves forward,and critically it has become more severe over time.During the early part of the record with weaker regional warming,there were limited changes in snow depth and no EDW,but as time advances and regional warming intensifies,snow depth declines significantly at higher elevations,causing development of EDW.We conclude that enhanced regional warming has caused decreases in snow depth,largely controlling the pattern of EDW on the Tibetan Plateau.This may explain contrasting conclusions on EDW from previous studies which have used data for different periods,and our findings support enhanced EDW and more severe depletion of the Tibetan Plateau solid water reserves in a warmer future.

History and possible mechanisms of prehistoric human migration to the Tibetan Plateau

Prehistoric human history on the Tibetan Plateau is a hotly debated topic. Archaeological research on the plateau during the past few decades has enormously improved our understanding of the topic and makes it possible for us to consider the processes and mechanisms of prehistoric human migration to the region. By reviewing the published archaeological research on the Tibetan Plateau, we propose that the first people on the plateau initially spread into the He-Huang region from the Chinese Loess Plateau, and then moved to the low elevation Northeastern Tibetan Plateau and perhaps subsequently to the entire plateau. This process consisted of four stages.(1) During the climatic amelioration of the Last Deglacial period(15–11.6 ka BP), Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherers with a developed microlithic technology first spread into the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau.(2) In the early-mid Holocene(11.6–6 ka BP), Epipaleolithic microlithic hunter-gatherers were widely distributed on the northeastern plateau and spread southwards to the interior plateau, possibly with millet agriculture developed in the neighboring low elevation regions.(3) In the mid-late Holocene(6–4 ka BP), Neolithic millet farmers spread into low elevation river valleys in the northeastern and southeastern plateau areas.(4) In the late Holocene(4–2.3 ka BP), Bronze Age barley and wheat farmers further settled on the high elevation regions of the Tibetan Plateau, especially after 3.6 ka BP. Finally, we suggest that all of the reported Paleolithic sites earlier than the LGM on the Tibetan Plateau need further examination.