利用Stacking模型融合法识别高温、高压储层流体

东方X气田不同流体性质储层的测井响应差异不明显,尤其难以确定不同流体的电阻率下限;利用孔隙度测井曲线识别流体易受物性因素干扰,使不同流体性质的样本数据点存在重叠区域。因此,提出利用Stacking模型融合方法建模,集成了流体识别效果较好的机器学习算法(决策树、支持向量机、随机森林和极端梯度提升),并利用模型融合方法识别高温、高压储层流体,通过10折交叉验证法对各个算法进行迭代优化,使模型达到最优。相比于单一机器学习算法,Stacking模型融合算法能够考虑不同算法的数据观测与训练原理差异,充分发挥各个模型优势。生产测试结论表明,与表现最优的单一模型极端梯度提升树相比,Stacking模型将预测准确率从87.08%提升到92%,具有更强的学习能力,更适用于高温、高压储层流体识别,为测井解释建模提供了新思路。

高温高压耦合条件下油基钻井液的流变特性规律及其数学模型

为了探究高温、高压耦合条件下温度、压力对油基钻井液流变性能的影响规律,利用超高密度高温高压钻井液流变仪Fann iX77分别测试了各个高温、高压耦合条件下密度为1.4、1.8、2.2、2.4 g/cm^(3)的抗高温油基钻井液体系的流变特性。结果显示,油基钻井液表观黏度和塑性黏度随温度的升高而逐渐降低,随压力的增大而逐渐增大;动切力随温度的升高表现出先增高后降低的趋势;当温度超过一定值时(160℃左右),高温作用对各个高密度油基钻井液流变性的影响都将大大减弱。将所测得的各个高温、高压耦合节点条件下的流变参数进一步分析后得到油基钻井液的温度、压力二元数学模型,误差分析结果显示,该模型对各密度体系的实验测量数据均具有良好的拟合性,可决系数R均大于0.96,因此该数学模型能够较为精确地预测出各个温度、压力耦合条件下油基钻井液的流变性能。

高温高压酸性气田空冷器设置优化

冷却系统是天然气集输工艺系统的一个重要组成部分。尤其是对于高温、高压酸性气田的内部集输工艺,要求合理优化空冷器的工艺设置,减少介质对管道和设备的腐蚀,降低投资,满足介质的输送条件和工艺要求。根据某气田的集输工艺方案,从空冷器的设置目的、设置位置出发,综合考虑集输和处理工艺、管道、设备材质等因素,对空冷器的设置方案进行优化选取。为类似气田集气工艺提出了新的研究思路和发展方向,对优选国内外异常高温气田集输工艺具有现实指导意义。

低流阻智能气动大口径止回阀研制及应用

本文全面探讨了智能气动大口径止回阀在特殊工况下的应用,深入分析了其设计理念、材料选择、工艺创新、智能化改造及优化,研究止回阀在高温、低温、高压以及腐蚀性介质等极端环境下的应用,凸显其在保障工业系统安全和提高效率方面的重要性。本文通过三高阀门集团的实际案例分析,展示了智能气动大口径止回阀在实际工业应用中的优越性能和可靠性。进一步讨论了面临的挑战与未来的发展趋势,并提出了具体的发展策略和建议,强调了技术创新和市场适应性对行业领先地位的重要性。

深层气井多层压裂用耐气浸和耐高温及高压胶筒的研制

为了解决深层气井压裂施工时压裂封隔器胶筒严重膨胀阻隔油套环空的问题,研制了耐气浸和耐高温、高压胶筒。通过分析胶筒密封承压性能的影响因素,优选橡胶,创新配方体系,优化硫化工艺等措施完成了耐气浸和耐高温、高压胶筒的研制,通过了室内耐温、承压性能检测。截至2014年12月底,采用耐气浸和耐高温、高压胶筒共压裂施工2口井10层段,工艺成功率为100%,取得了显著的效果,实现了深层气井多层压裂的重要突破。研究的胶筒能够达到耐气浸和耐高温、高压要求,具有显著的社会和经济效益。

新型陶瓷筛管在克深气藏出砂气井中的适用性分析

克深气藏储层埋藏深、高温、高压、高含CO2腐蚀气体,气井井下高产和高冲蚀,在气井出砂后使用常规金属筛管难以满足其防砂需求。通过对国外相似出砂油气井防砂案例分析,优选出新型陶瓷筛管并针对克深气藏气井井下CO2腐蚀、酸液腐蚀、出砂冲蚀进行了适用性及下入可行性分析,结果表明:新型陶瓷筛管能够满足克深区块高温、高含CO2、强酸腐蚀环境及高速携砂流体冲蚀下的防砂要求;现有陶瓷筛缝尺寸能够满足克深气藏砂岩储层挡砂精度要求;陶瓷筛管整体结构简单,下入后完井表皮因数低,能满足克深区块对于增产改造的要求;陶瓷筛管的机械强度能够承受克深井下围压,且具有良好的抗曲性能,可满足超深气井的下入可行性要求。研究认为,该新型陶瓷筛管在抗高冲蚀、抗高温、抗腐蚀和低完井表皮因数方面具有优势,其在克深气藏防砂完井中应用前景广阔。

Test of the Relative Permeability Curve of a Gas and Oil Condensate System and its Effect on the Recovery of Oil and Gas

The relative permeability curve has been measured with simulation oil (refined oil) and gas (nitrogen or air) at room temperature and a lowpressure, both of which are very important parameters for depicting the flow of fluid through porous media in a hydrocarbon reservoir. This basic measurement is often applied in exploitation evaluation, but the underground conditions with high temperature and pressure, and the phase equilibrium of oil and gas, are not taken into consideration when the relative permeability curve is tested. There is an important theoretical and practical sense in testing the diphase relative permeability curve of the equilibrium of oil and gas under the conditions of high temperature and pressure. The test method for the relative permeability curve is proposed in this paper. The relative permeability of the equilibrium of oil and gas and the standard one are tested in two fluids, and the differences between these two methods are stated. The research results can be applied to the simulation and prediction of CVD in long cores and then the phenomenon can better explain that the recovery of condensate gas rich in condensate oil is higher than that of CVD test in PVT. Meanwhile, the research shows that the relative permeability curve of equilibrium oil and gas is sensitive to the rate of exploitation, and the viewpoint proves that an improved gas recovery rate can properly increase the recovery of condensate oil.

探析湿法冶炼中耐酸砖的化学膨胀

湿法冶炼项目中,耐酸砖作为性价比较高的防腐蚀材料被广泛用于高温、高压设备的衬里结构。本文以某工程所用的耐酸砖为实验材料,对时间、操作环境、材料成分及制造工艺等影响其化学膨胀的因素进行了分析,并对实际工况下与试验条件下的化学膨胀差异进行了分析,探讨化学膨胀对衬里系统稳定性、设备操作过程的影响。实际设计工作中,建议采用实验数据和有限元分析相结合进行辅助设计,以设计出可靠的耐酸砖衬里系统。

CALCULATIONS OF THE PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND CRITICAL CURVES WITH THE EQUATION OF STATE FOR BINARY MIXTURES

A rational equation of state of the perturbation type with a repulsion and attraction term has been applied to reproduce critical curves of six different binary systems up to high temperatures and pressures. A square well potential for intermolecular interaction is used. With pairwise combination rules for these potentials three adjustable parameters are needed. The experimental critical point and phase equilibrium data are compared with the values predicted using the equation of state. Good agreement is obtained for the analysis of the critical pressure composition data and molar volumes.

高炉送风装置的焊接工艺

综述了钢结构在焊接产生应力破坏的一般规律,提出了在制作高炉用焊接结构中所应该遵循的一般条件,并对该类结构的工艺发展方向进行了一定的探讨。在生产实践中,对安全性要求很高的焊接结构和焊接工艺的设计安排充满了丰富的特殊性,因此,具体问题须具体对待。

顺北5-5H井120.65mm小井眼井身轨迹控制关键技术探讨

顺北5-5H井是部署在顺北1区5号主干断裂带南部的一口评价水平井,因四开钻遇裂缝性地层发生频繁漏失,且堵漏难度大,将井身结构经调整为五级结构水平井,五开井眼尺寸为120.65mm。在精细研究地质和钻井设计,优化施工方案,优选钻具组合、钻进参数以及抗高温高压仪器的基础上,根据该井“三高”的钻探特点,钻穿多个断层的难点,创新思路,有针对性的制定轨迹控制方案,不断优化井眼轨迹,钻进至井深8520.00m顺利完钻。该井的钻探实践为超深井小井眼水平井优化钻具组合,轨迹控制技术以及仪器的使用,探索积累了宝贵的经验。

Study of a high-temperature and high-pressure FBG sensor with Al_2O_3 thin-wall tube substrate

A fiber Bragg grating(FBG) high-temperature and high pressure sensor has been designed and fabricated by using the Al2O3 thin-wall tube as a substrate.The test results show that the sensor can withstand a pressure range of 0-45 MPa and a temperature range of -10-300 ℃,and has a pressure sensitivity of 0.0426 nm/MPa and a temperature sensitivity of 0.0112 nm /

Global lateral buckling analysis of idealized subsea pipelines

In order to avoid the curing effects of paraffin on the transport process and reduce the transport difficulty,usually high temperature and high pressure are used in the transportation of oil and gas.The differences of temperature and pressure cause additional stress along the pipeline,due to the constraint of the foundation soil,the additional stress can not release freely,when the additional stress is large enough to motivate the submarine pipelines buckle.In this work,the energy method is introduced to deduce the analytical solution which is suitable for the global buckling modes of idealized subsea pipeline and analyze the relationship between the critical buckling temperature,buckling length and amplitude under different high-order global lateral buckling modes.To obtain a consistent formulation of the problem,the principles of virtual displacements and the variation calculus for variable matching points are applied.The finite element method based on elasto-plastic theory is used to simulate the lateral global buckling of the pipelines under high temperature and pressure.The factors influencing the lateral buckling of pipelines are further studied.Based upon some actual engineering projects,the finite element results are compared with the analytical ones,and then the influence of thermal stress,the section rigidity of pipeline,the soil properties and the trigging force to the high order lateral buckling are discussed.The method of applying the small trigging force on pipeline is reliable in global buckling numerical analysis.In practice,increasing the section rigidity of a pipeline is an effective measure to improve the ability to resist the global buckling.

Effect of carbon on high temperature compressive and creep properties of β-stabilized TiA l alloy

Carbon is an important alloying element in improving high temperature mechanical properties of various metallic materials.The effects of carbon on high temperature mechanical properties of aβ-stabilized Ti?45Al?3Fe?2Mo(molar fraction,%)alloy were studied through compressive and creep tests.The results show that the carbon addition(0.5%,molar fraction)obviously enhances the high temperature compressive strength and creep resistance of theβ-stabilized Ti?45Al?3Fe?2Mo alloy.A lot of nano-scaled Ti3AlC carbides precipitate in theβ-stabilized alloy and these carbides pin the dislocations,and greatly increase the high temperature properties.At the same time,the carbon addition decreases the amount of?phase,refines the lamellar spacing,and causes solution strengthening,which also contribute to the improvement of the high temperature properties.

Gas-Liquid Mass Transfer in a Slurry Bubble Column Reactor under High Temperature and High Pressure

The gas-liquid mass transfer of H2 and CO in a high temperature and high-pressure three-phase slurry bubble column reactor is studied. The gas-liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficients kLa are obtained by measuring the dissolution rate of H2 and CO. The influences of the main operation conditions, such as temperature, pressure, superficial gas velocity and solid concentration, are studied systematically. Two empirical correlations are proposed to predict kLa values for H2 and CO in liquid paraffin/solid particles slurry bubble column reactors.

Optimization Analysis of High Temperature Heat Pump Coupling to Desiccant Wheel Air Conditioning System

The high temperature heat pump and desiccant wheel(HTHP&DW) system can make full use of heat released from the condenser of heat pump for DW regeneration without additional heat. In this study, DW operation in the HTHP&DW system was investigated experimentally, and the optimization analysis of HTHP&DW system was carried out. The performance of DW had influence on the dehumidification(evaluated by dehumidification and regeneration effectiveness) and cooling load(evaluated by thermal and adiabatic effectiveness). The results show that the enthalpy increase occurred in all the experiments. Compared to the isosteric heat, heat accumulation in the desiccant and matrix material and heat leakage from regeneration side to process side have greater influence on the adiabatic effectiveness. Higher regeneration temperature leads to lower adiabatic effectiveness that increases more cooling load of the system. When the regeneration temperature is 63℃, the maximal dehumidification effectiveness is 35.4% and the satisfied adiabatic effectiveness is 88%, which contributes to the optimal balance between dehumidification and cooling.

Experiments of Brittle-Plastic Transition and Instability Modes of Juyongguan Granite at Different Temperatures and Pressures

Three groups of experiments on brittle-plastic transition and instability modes of granite were performed in a triaxial vessel with solid pressure medium at high temperature and high pressure. The results of experiments show that brittle faulting is the major failure mode at temperature <300℃, but crystal-plastic deformation is dominate at temperature >800℃, and there is a transition with increasing temperature from semi-brittle faulting to cataclastic flow and semi-brittle flow at temperatures of 300～800℃. So, temperature is the most influential factor in brittle-plastic transition of granite and confining pressure is the second factor. The results also show that progressive failure of granite occurs at lower pressure or high temperature where there is crystal plasticity, and sudden instability occurs at room temperature and high pressure (>300MPa) or high temperature and great pressure(550℃600MPa ～650℃700MPa), and a broad regime of quasi-sudden instability exists between the T-P condition of progressive failure and sudden instability. So, instability modes of granite depend simultaneously on the pressure and temperature.

Ab initio Predictions of Structural and Thermodynamic Properties of Zr2AIC Under High Pressure and High Temperature

The structural and thermodynamic properties of Zr2A1C at high pressure and high temper- ature are investigated by first principles density functional theory method. The calculated lattice parameters of Zr2A1C are in good agreement with the available theoretical data. The pressure dependences of the elastic constants, bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young＇s mod- ulus, and Vickers hardness of Zr2A1C are successfully obtained. The elastic anisotropy is examined through the computation of the direction dependence of Young＇s modulus. By using the quasiharmonic Debye model, the thermodynamic properties including the Debye temperature, heat capacity, volume thermal expansion coefficient, and Griineisen parameter at high pressure and temperature are predicted for the first time.

A General Thermal Equilibrium Discharge Flow Model

Based on isentropic flow and thermal equilibrium assumptions, a model was derived to calculate discharge flow rate, which unified the rules of room temperature water discharge, high temperature and high pressure water discharge, two-phase critical flow, saturated steam and superheated steam critical flow, and gave a method to calculate critical condition. Because of the influence of friction, the entropy is increased in the actual discharge process, and the discharge flow rate in thermal equilibrium condition can be obtained by the original model multiplied by an appropriate correction coefficient. The model calculated results agreed well with the experiment data of long nozzle critical flow.

First-Principle Calculations for Thermodynamic Properties of LiBC Under High Temperature and High Pressure

The thermodynamic properties of LiBC are investigated by using the full-potential linearlzed muffin-tin orbital method （FP-LMTO） within the frame of density functional theory （DFT） and using the quasi-harmonic Debye model. The dependencies of the normalized lattice parameters a/a0 and c/c0, the ratio （c/a）/2, the normalized primitive volume V/V0 on pressure and temperature are successfully obtained. It is found that the interlayer covalent interactions （Li-B bonds or Li-C bonds） are more sensitive to temperature and pressure than intralayer ones （B-C bonds）, as gives rise to the extreme lattice anisotropy in the bulk hop LiBC.