高温热处理对(DS)NiAl-Cr(Mo)-Hf共晶合金显微组织和显微硬度的影响

采用高温度梯度定向凝固装置制备NiAl-28cr-5Mo-1Hf(原子分数,％,下同)共晶合金,研究了高温热处理对合金显微组织和显微硬度的影响。结果表明,热处理后,NiAl和Cr(Mo)的层片状组织形貌基本没有变化,而合金中分布于胞界的半连续的Heusler(Ni_2AlHf)相部分或大部分消失,并以弥散的Heusler颗粒形式在NiAl基体中重新析出。此外,Cr(Mo)相中的NiAl微粒粗化,在Cr(Mo)相中出现了位错线,定向凝固NiAl-28Cr-5Mo-1Hf合金的显微硬度明显高于NiAl-28Cr-6Mo合金,热处理后,合金的硬度值基本保持不变。

辊锻模具表面送粉激光熔覆WC陶瓷层的高温组织与性能

研究了Co基自熔合金、Ni基自熔合金 +WC、Co基自熔合金 +WC激光熔覆层在不同温度下的显微组织和各种化合物的硬度 ,结果表明三种材料在相同激光熔覆工艺参数下获得的熔覆层的高温显微组织、性能存在很大的差异。Ni基自熔合金 +WC在 70 0℃时硬度开始显著降低且显微组织发生很大变化 ,而Co基自熔合金和Co基自熔合金 +WC在 70 0℃时才开始发生变化且变化幅度较小。同时证明WC在加热过程中硬度没有显著降低。试验结果对获得具有抗高温粘着磨损的激光熔覆层有重要的理论和实际意义。

送粉激光熔覆WC陶瓷层的高温组织与性能

实验研究了Co基自熔合金、Ni基自熔合金+WC和Co基自熔合金+WC激光熔覆层在不同温度下的显微组织和各种化合物的硬度。结果表明,三种材料在相同激光熔覆工艺参数下获得的熔覆层的高温显微组织、性能存在很大的差异,Ni基自熔合金+WC在700℃时,硬度开始显著降低且显微组织发生很大变化,而Co基自熔合金和Co基自熔合金+WC在700℃时才开始发生变化且变化幅度较小。同时证明,WC在加热过程中硬度没有显著降低。实验结果对获得具有抗高温粘着磨损的激光熔覆层有重要的理论和实际意义。

送粉激光熔覆Co、Ni基WC熔覆层的高温性能

研究了Ni基自熔合金+WC、Co基自熔合金、Co基自熔合金+WC为熔覆材料的激光熔覆层在不同温度下的显微组织和硬度,结果表明3种熔覆材料在相同激光熔覆工艺条件下获得的熔覆层的高温显微组织、高温显微硬度有很大的差异。Ni基自熔合金+WC熔覆层的显微硬度随温度升高有所降低,在800℃左右显微组织发生了较显著的变化;而Co基自熔合金和Co基自熔合金+WC熔覆层的显微硬度大约在700℃以后有所降低,其显微组织在800℃左右开始发生变化。同时证明,熔覆层中的大块的WC在900℃之前的加热过程中硬度没有明显降低。

热处理对ZTi600铸造钛合金组织与性能的影响

研究热等静压及热处理工艺对ZTi600高温铸造钛合金组织与性能的影响。研究结果表明:退火温度对屈服强度和抗拉强度以及塑性略有影响,经过热等静压处理后,室温拉伸塑性大幅度提高,塑性随着热等静压温度的升高而升高,强度变化较小;ZTi600高温铸造钛合金组织以针状、板条状的魏氏组织为主,热等静压后晶粒尺寸减小,局部组织有等轴趋势。

热处理方式对TC25钛合金棒材组织和力学性能的影响

研究了试样坯热处理和整体热处理两种热处理方式对TC25钛合金棒材组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:经两种方式热处理后,棒材的显微组织为双态组织,即初生α相和β转变组织。试样坯热处理后的初生α相呈短棒状,而整体热处理后的α相呈椭球状。两种热处理方式对棒材的室温、高温拉伸性能影响较大。整体热处理的室温拉伸强度、高温拉伸强度比试样坯的低。

热等静压在铸造高温合金领域的应用

采用适当热等静压工艺处理铸造高温合金,利用高温高压实现铸件内部疏松孔洞的蠕变扩散,达到闭合疏松和均匀合金组织的目的,使铸造高温合金的综合力学性能,尤其是疲劳性能、塑性及合金力学性能的稳定性显著提高,大大提高了铸件使用的安全性和可靠性。介绍了热等静压工艺处理高温合金铸件的致密化原理、工艺因素及其对合金组织和性能的影响,同时概述了热等静压技术的应用成果及发展状况。

送粉激光熔覆WC陶瓷层的高温组织与性能

实验研究了Co基自熔合金、Ni基自熔合金+WC、Co基自熔合金+WC激光熔覆层在不同温度下的显微组织和各种化合物的硬度,结果表明三种材料在相同激光熔覆工艺参数下获得的熔覆层的高温显微组织、性能存在很大的差异,Ni基自熔合金+WC在700℃时硬度开始显著降低且显微组织发生很大变化,而Co基自熔合金和Co基自熔合金+WC在700℃时才开始发生变化且变化幅度较小。同时证明WC在加热过程中硬度没有显著降低。实验结果对获得具有抗高温粘着磨损的激光熔覆层有重要的理论和实际意义。

Precipitation behavior of 14H LPSO structure in single 18R phase Mg-Y-Zn alloy during annealing at 773K

The microstructural evolution of a 18R single phase （S 18） alloy during annealing at 773 K for 100 h was investigated in order to reveal the formation mechanism of 14H phase. The results showed that the as-cast S 18 alloy was composed of 18R phase （its volume fraction exceeds 93%）, W particles and α-Mg phase. The 18R phase in S18 alloy was thermally stable and was not transformed into 14H long period stacking ordered （LPSO） phase during annealing. However, 14H lamellas formed within tiny α-Mg slices, and their average size and volume fraction increased with prolonging annealing time. Moreover, the 14H phase is nucleated within α-Mg independently on the basis of basal stacking faults （SFs）. The broadening growth of 14H lamellas is an interface-controlled process which involves ledges on basal planes, while the lengthening growth is a diffusion-controlled process and is associated with diffusion of solute atoms. The formation mechanism of 14H phase in this alloy could be explained as α-Mg＇→α-Mg＋14H.

Microstructure and evolution of(TiB_2+Al_2O_3)/NiAl composites prepared by self-propagation high-temperature synthesis

（TiB2＋Al2O3）/NiAl composites were synthesized by self-propagation high-temperature synthesis, and their phase compositions, microstructures and evolution modes were studied. The microstructures and shapes vary with the TiB2＋Al2O3 content in the NiAl matrix. TiB2 particles take a great variety of elementary shapes such as white bars, plates, herringbones, regular cubes and cuboids. These results outline a strategy of self-assembly processes in real time to build diversified microstructures. Some TiB2 grains in sizes of 2-5μm are embeded in Al2O3 clusters, while a small number of TiB2 particles disperse in the NiAl matrix. It is believed that the higher the TiB2＋Al2O3 content is, the more the regular shapes and homogeneous distributions of TiB2 and Al2O3 will be present in the NiAl matrix.

Effects of Cr content on microstructure and mechanical properties of single crystal superalloy

Two experimental single crystal superalloys with 2% Cr and 4% Cr (mass fraction) were cast in a directionally solidified furnace, while other alloying element contents were kept unchanged. The effects of Cr content on the microstructure, phase stability, tensile properties at 1100 °C and stress rupture properties at 1070 °C and 160 MPa of the single crystal superalloy were investigated. The results show that the size ofγ′ phase particles become small and uniform, and the cubic shape turns a little regular with the increase of Cr content. Theγ′ directional coarsening and rafting were observed in the 2% Cr and 4% Cr alloys after long term aging (LTA) at 1100 °C. The rafting rate ofγ′ phase increased with increasing Cr content. Needle-shaped topologically close packed (TCP) phases precipitated and grew along fixed direction in both alloys. The precipitating rate and volume fraction of TCP phases significantly increased with the increase of Cr content. The tensile property of the alloy increased and the stress rupture properties of the alloy decreased with the increase of Cr content at high temperature. The increase of Cr content increased the partition ratio of TCP forming elements, Re, W, and Mo, and the saturation degrees of these elements inγ phases increased. Therefore, the high temperature phase stability of the alloy decreased with the increase of Cr content.

Microstructure and high temperature oxidation resistance of Si-Y co-deposition coatings prepared on TiAl alloy by pack cementation process

In order to improve the high temperature oxidation resistance of TiAl alloy, Y modified silicide coatings were prepared by pack cementation process at 1030, 1080 and 1130 °C, respectively, for 5 h. The microstructures, phase constitutions and oxidation behavior of these coatings were studied. The results show that the coating prepared by co-depositing Si?Y at 1080 °C for 5 h has a multiple layer structure: a superficial zone consisting of Al-rich (Ti,Nb)5Si4 and (Ti,Nb)5Si3, an out layer consisting of (Ti,Nb)Si2, a middle layer consisting of (Ti,Nb)5Si4 and (Ti,Nb)5Si3, and aγ-TiAl inner layer. Co-deposition temperature imposes strong influences on the coating structure. The coating prepared by Si?Y co-depositing at 1080 °C for 5 h shows relatively good oxidation resistance at 1000 °C in air, and the oxidation rate constant of the coating is about two orders of magnitude lower than that of the bare TiAl alloy.

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of TIG welded superalloy GH625

The tungsten inert gas welding（TIG） technique was employed to weld the nickel-based wrought superalloy GH625, and the microstructures, element distribution, grain boundary character and mechanical properties of the welded joint were investigated systematically. The results indicated that the welded seam was of austenite dendrite crystal structure and no obvious heat affected zone（HAZ） was observed. A number of precipitated δ phases with homogeneous distribution were observed in the interdendritic region of the weld fusion zone. The abnormal phenomenon observed in the weld fusion zone of GH625, i.e., higher hardness and larger grain size compared with the base metal, may be attributed to the precipitated δ phase in the weld fusion zone. The higher tensile strength in the base metal was mainly attributed to the presence of more contents of fine grains and twin boundaries, while the lower elongation in the welded joint was mainly owing to the precipitated δ phase.

Strain rate-dependent high temperature compressive deformation characteristics of ultrafine-grained pure aluminum produced by ECAP

To explore the effect of strain rate ε on the high temperature deformation characteristics of ultrafine-grained materials, the deformation and damage features as well as microstructures of ECAP-treated pure Al at different temperatures T and strain ratesε were systematically studied through compression tests and microscopic observations. The increase in ε eliminates strain softening at T≤473 K, and largely enhances the yield strength and flow stress at 473?573 K. The shear deformation dominates the plastic deformation of ECAP-treated Al. Many cracks along shear bands (SBs) are formed at T≥473 K and secondary SBs basically disappear at 1×10?3 s?1; however, at 1×10?2 s?1, cracks are only observed at temperature below 473 K, and secondary SBs become clearer at T≥473 K. The microstructures of ECAP-treated Al mainly consist of sub-grains (SGs). The increase in ε inhibits the SG growth, thus leading to the increases both in yield strength and flow stress at high temperatures.

Effects of Al and Mo on high temperature oxidation behavior of refractory high entropy alloys

Refractory high entropy alloys have superior mechanical properties at high temperatures, and the oxidation behavior of these alloys is very important. The present work investigated the high temperature oxidation behavior of three alloys with compositions of TiNbTa0.5Zr, TiNbTa0.5ZrAl and TiNbTa0.5ZrAlMo0.5, and the effects of alloying elements were discussed. Results indicated that the oxidation rates of the TiNbTa0.5Zr and TiNbTa0.5ZrAl alloys are controlled by diffusion, and obey the exponential rule. However, the oxidation rate of the TiNbTa0.5ZrAlMo0.5 alloy is controlled by interface reaction, and obeys the linear rule. The addition of Al leads to a better oxidation resistance by forming a protective oxide scale. However, the protection of Al-rich scale is weakened by the addition of Mo. Extensive pores and cracks occur in the oxide scale of the TiNbTa0.5ZrAlMo0.5 alloy, resulting in a significant decrease in oxidation resistance.

A review of refractory high-entropy alloys

This work reviews recent progress in the alloy design,microstructure,and mechanical properties of refractory high-entropy alloys(RHEAs).What’s more,the underlying strengthening mechanisms and deformation behavior are discussed.Composed mainly of near-equimolar refractory elements,RHEAs have superior mechanical properties,especially at high temperatures.However,many of them have limited room-temperature ductility.Much work has been done to solve this trade-off,and some of the RHEAs have the potential to be used for high-temperature applications in the future.In addition to their mechanical properties,RHEAs have other attractive properties,such as biocompatibility and wear resistance,which are discussed.Finally,current problems and future suggestions for RHEAs are discussed.

Microstructual evolution and stability of second generation single crystal nickel-based superalloy DD5

The microstructual evolution and stability of a second generation single crystal (SC) nickel-based superalloy DD5 with minor grain boundary (GB) strengthening elements (C, B and Hf) were studied as a function of as-cast, heat treatment and thermal exposure. The microstructure and composition of the alloy were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microanalysis (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and extraction analysis. In the as-cast condition,the microstructure observations and composition analysis showed that γ phase was the primary solidification phase and there were three microsegregations in the metal matrix. The morphology of these microsegregations depended on element segregations. After heat treatment, the dendrite cores contained fine and cuboidal-shaped γ′ particles with an average edge length of about 0.5 μm, whileinterdendritic regions contained irregularly-shaped γ′ particles and MC/M23C6 carbides. The mass fraction of γ′ phases was 61.685%.After exposure at 980 °C for 1000 h, no TCP phase was observed in both dendritic and interdendritic regions, indicating a good microstructual stability of the DD5 alloy at 980 °C.

Relation of normal load with test temperature at mild−severe wear transition state for Mg−Gd−Y−Zr alloy

The wear behavior and mild−severe(M−S)wear transition of Mg−10Gd−1.5Y−0.4Zr alloy were investigated within a temperature range of 20−200℃.The morphologies and compositions of worn surfaces were examined to identify the wear mechanisms using scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer.The microstructure and hardness in the subsurfaces were analyzed to reveal the M−S wear transition mechanism.Under a constant loads of 20,35 and 40 N,each wear rate−test temperature curve presented a turning point which corresponded to the M−S wear transition.In mild wear,the surface material was plastically deformed and hence was strainhardened,whereas in severe wear,the surface material was dynamically recrystallized and consequently was softened.It has been found that the critical temperature for M−S wear transition decreases with increasing the normal load,and the normal load exhibits an almost linear relationship with critical temperature for M−S wear transition.This work reveals that the M−S wear transition of the studied alloy conforms to the surface DRX temperature criterion.

Microstructure evolution of 55Ni−23Cr−13Co nickel-based superalloy during high-temperature cyclic deformation

The cyclic deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of the 55Ni−23Cr−13Co nickel-based superalloy were studied at 750℃ under the strain amplitudes from 0.35%to 0.6%.Coffin−Manson−Basquin and Smith−Watson−Topper relationships were employed,which satisfactorily predicted the fatigue life of the alloy under various strain amplitudes.The superalloy showed an initial cyclic hardening as a result of the interaction between the dislocations and the precipitates,and following cyclic softening behavior mainly due to the shearing of theγ′phase by dislocations and dislocations recovery under all strain amplitudes.Microstructure analyses showed that the M_(23)C_(6) carbides exhibited a continuous-chain distribution at lower strain amplitudes,while they showed a discontinuous distribution at higher strain amplitudes.As the strain amplitude increased,the size of theγ′phase decreased as the consequence of repeated shearing by dislocations.Fracture mechanisms were analyzed.Under higher strain amplitudes,cavities preferred to form around grain boundaries.

Microstructure and high-temperature mechanical properties of laser beam welded TC4/TA15 dissimilar titanium alloy joints

The microstructure evolution and high-temperature mechanical properties of laser beam welded TC4/TA15 dissimilar titanium alloy joints under different welding parameters were studied.The results show that the weld fusion zone of TC4/TA15 dissimilar welded joints consists of coarsenedβcolumnar crystals that contain mainly acicularα’martensite.The heat affected zone is composed of the initialαphase and the transformedβstructure,and the width of heat affected zone on the TA15 side is narrower than that on the TC4 side.With increasing temperature,the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the TC4/TA15 dissimilar welded joints decrease and the highest plastic deformation is obtained at 800°C.The tensile strength of the dissimilar joints with different welding parameters and base material satisfies the following relation(from high to low):TA15 base material>dissimilar joints>TC4 base material.The microhardness of a cross-section of the TC4/TA15 dissimilar joints reaches a maximum at the centre of the weld and is reduced globally after heat treatment,but the microhardness distribution is not changed.An elevated temperature tensile fracture of the dissimilar joints is located on the side of the TC4 base material.Necking occurs during the tensile tests and the fracture characteristics are typical when ductility is present in the material.