实时高温真三轴试验系统的研制与应用

高温和应力耦合下的岩石力学特性是深部资源开发研究热点之一,自主研制实时高温真三轴试验系统,该系统主要由以下3个子系统构成:全刚性力学加载系统、高温温控系统和伺服控制与数据采集系统。该系统可真实模拟岩石在深部地层中温度应力场耦合环境,采用50 mm×50 mm×100 mm的标准岩石试样最高可在460℃(岩样表面温度)温度下进行单轴、常规三轴、真三轴、蠕变与循环加卸载等多种应力路径试验;3个方向(σ1,σ2,σ3)独立加载控制,其中σ1方向最大输出应力为1 000 MPa,σ2与σ3方向最大输出应力为200 MPa;高温温度控制系统由六回路可拆卸式柔性加热组件与气凝胶保温套组成,采用温控箱对每一回路进行单独温度监控,实现对岩样的实时加热和监控;热塑模具钢和水冷循环系统可保证高温下试验系统的整体刚度与工作稳定性,高精度闭环伺服控制系统和磁制位移传感器,可在实时高温下实现多种应力路径试验中3个方向位移与压力的精准伺服监测。通过对比实时高温真三轴试验系统与常规三轴试验系统的试验结果,验证实时高温真三轴试验系统的准确性和稳定性。然后,进行花岗岩实时高温真三轴试验,研究温度和中间主应力(σ2)对花岗岩的力学性质的影响,400℃高温对花岗岩的强度和弹性模量具有增强作用,中间主应力(σ2)对400℃高温下花岗岩的强度和峰值应变有增加作用,对室温(RT)下花岗岩的强度有增强作用和第三主应力方向峰值应变(ε3p)有减小作用。相关研究结果可为干热岩资源的开发利用、核废料处置库建设以及深部岩体工程提供理论和技术支持。

Temperature effects on the failure of deep circular tunnel under true-triaxial compression

The failure characteristics of thermal treated surrounding rocks should be studied to evaluate the stability and safety of deep ground engineering under high-ground-temperature and high-ground-stress conditions.The failure process of the inner walls of fine-grained granite specimens at different temperatures(25–600℃)was analyzed using a true-triaxial test system.The failure process,peak intensity,overall morphology(characteristics after failure),rock fragment characteristics,and acoustic emission(AE)characteristics were analyzed.The results showed that for the aforementioned type of granite specimens,the trend of the failure stress conditions changed with respect to the critical temperature(200℃).When the temperature was less than 200℃,the initial failure stress increased,final failure stress increased,and failure severity decreased.When the temperature exceeded 200℃,the initial failure stress decreased,final failure stress decreased,and failure severity increased.When the temperature was 600℃,the initial and final failure stresses of the specimens decreased by 60.93%and 19.77%compared with those at 200℃,respectively.The numerical results obtained with the software RFPA3D-Thermal were used to analyze the effect of temperature on the specimen and reveal the mechanism of the failure process in the deep tunnel surrounding rock.

温度和应力对砂岩渗透率影响规律研究

岩石的渗透率反映了其通过流体的能力,为了解决砂岩气、页岩气等油气藏开采过程中储层岩石渗透率低,资源开采量少的问题,在太原理工大学自主研发的高温高压真三轴试验机上,模拟研究了页岩气藏储层砂岩在地下深部实际高压状态,探究了真三轴试验状态下砂岩在100～400℃下的渗透率演化规律。研究结果表明:砂岩的渗透率在100～280℃内的渗透率变化为缓慢下降,渗透率为10^(-16)～10^(-17)m^2数量级,渗透率在阈值温度280℃后,砂岩渗透率增大数倍到数10倍,最高增幅达46倍,在温度340℃后渗透率趋于平稳,处于10^(-15)m^2数量级。同时也表明岩石的应力状态对渗透率有直接的影响,相同围压条件下的砂岩,最大主应力大多试件其最大主应力方向上的渗透率在阈值温度前后的增幅越大。