The comprehensive evaluation of Tahe medium gravity crude has demonstrated that this type of crude belongs to a intermediate base sour crude, featuring high vanadium content (103ppm), high carbon residue content, low ...The comprehensive evaluation of Tahe medium gravity crude has demonstrated that this type of crude belongs to a intermediate base sour crude, featuring high vanadium content (103ppm), high carbon residue content, low pour point, and low acid value. Based on the crude processing conditions at SINOPEC Luoyang Petrochemical Branch Company, a proposal on the appropriate process flow scheme for processing Tahe crude oil has been raised with the main ideas presented as follows. The IBP-175 fraction is not an ideal feedstock for catalytic reforming; the 75-250 fraction is a qualified feedstock for zeolite de-waxing; the 140-230 fraction can be used to manufacture the No. 3 jet fuel through appropriate distillation range adjustment and product refining; the 175-350 fraction can be directly used to manufacture No.-10 diesel through proper refining; the atmospheric resid boiling over 350 is not suited to be used as the RFCC feedstock; the 350-520 vacuum distillate oil can be used as the FCC feedstock; and the vacuum residuum boiling over 520 is a good feedstock for manufacture of asphalt.展开更多
Because of its high density and low cetane number, the light cycle oil(LCO) containing heavy aromatics(60%—80%) can hardly be transformed through the conventional hydro-upgrading technology. In this report, a novel L...Because of its high density and low cetane number, the light cycle oil(LCO) containing heavy aromatics(60%—80%) can hardly be transformed through the conventional hydro-upgrading technology. In this report, a novel LCO hydrocracking technology(FD2G) was proposed for the utilization of LCO to manufacture high value-added products. Through the ingenious combination of hydroprocessing catalyst and the hydrocracking process, the high octane gasoline and the ultra-low sulfur diesel(ULSD) blendstocks were produced simultaneously. The influence of catalyst type, reaction temperature, pressure, respectively, on the research octane number(RON) of produced gasoline was studied in a fixed bed hydrogenation reactor. It indicated that high reaction temperature and medium pressure would favor the production of highoctane gasoline through the conversion of bi-aromatic and tri-aromatic hydrocarbons. The typical results of FD2 G technology on commercial units showed that it could produce clean diesel with a sulfur content of less than 10 μg/g and clean gasoline with a research octane number(RON) of up to 92. It would be contributed to the achievement of the maximum profit of a refinery, the FD2 G technology could provide a higher economic efficiency than the other diesel quality upgrading technology under the current gasoline and diesel price system.展开更多
Bamboo was a popular material substituting for wood, especially for one-off commodity in China. In order to recover energy and materials from waste bamboo, the basic characteristics of bamboo pyrolysis were studied by...Bamboo was a popular material substituting for wood, especially for one-off commodity in China. In order to recover energy and materials from waste bamboo, the basic characteristics of bamboo pyrolysis were studied by a thermogravimetric analyzer. It implied that the reaction began at 190-210℃, and the percentage of solid product deceased from about 25% to 17% when temperature ranged from 400℃ to 700℃. A lab-scale fluidized-bed furnace was setup to research the detailed properties of gaseous, liquid and solid products respectively. When temperature increased from 400℃ to 700℃, the mass percent of solid product decreased from 27% to 17% approximately, while that of syngas rose up from 19% to 35%. When temperature was about 500℃, the percentage of tar reached the top, about 31%. The mass balance of these experiments was about 93%-95%. It indicated that three reactions involved in the process： pyrolysis of exterior bamboo, pyrolysis of interior bamboo and secondary pyrolysis of heavy tar.展开更多
Preparation of biodiesel from waste oils containing 72% of free fatty acids catalyzed by a novel Br?nsted acidic ionic liquid 1-sulfobutyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrosulfate([BHSO_3MIM][HSO_4]) was systematically invest...Preparation of biodiesel from waste oils containing 72% of free fatty acids catalyzed by a novel Br?nsted acidic ionic liquid 1-sulfobutyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrosulfate([BHSO_3MIM][HSO_4]) was systematically investigated.The optimum molar ratio of methanol to waste oils,catalyst amount,reaction temperature and reaction time were 8/1,10%(based on the mass of waste oils),140°C and 6 h,respectively,under which the obtained yield of biodiesel reached 94.9%.Also,[BHSO_3MIM][HSO_4] as a catalyst still retained around 97% of its original catalytic activity after successive re-use of 5 batches(6 h per batch),showing the excellent operational stability.Moreover,the acidic IL [BHSO_3MIM][HSO_4] was able to ef ficiently catalyze conversions of waste oils with different amounts of FFAs(free fatty acids) into biodiesel,and showed tremendous application potential.Therefore,an ef ficient and environmentally friendly catalyst is provided for the synthesis of biodiesel from waste oils with high acid value.展开更多
High abundant sulfur-containing steroids were identified and detected in saturate hydrocarbon fractions of heavy oil with a high sulfur content in the Jinxian Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,North China.These sulfur-containing st...High abundant sulfur-containing steroids were identified and detected in saturate hydrocarbon fractions of heavy oil with a high sulfur content in the Jinxian Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,North China.These sulfur-containing steroids were structurally merged into the D-ring of steroid nucleus with thiophene ring and/or combined into the C-22 in the side-chain.Based on the previous reports of sulfur-containing steroids with methylthio-steroids and intra-molecular form,four formation mechanisms of sulfur-containing steroids and diagenetic pathway of steroids under S-rich conditions were proposed in this paper according to the double bond positions in the sterene compounds.Hydrogenation and sulfurization both occurred in the diagenetic processes of olefinic bond in the side-chain of steroids:abiogenic chemical hydrogenation of H2S and HS-leads to the formation of regular steranes;a successful sulfurization process leads to the formation of the side-chain sulfur-containing steroids whereas unsuccessful cyclization and/or sulfurization result in the generation of short-chain steranes.This kind of mechanism of hydrogenation/sulfurization of side-chain olefinic bond provides a potential genesis clue for the occurrence of high abundance of short-chain steranes(higher than the common regular steroids,phytane and n-alkanes)in S-rich heavy oils and source rocks in the Jinxian Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,North China.展开更多
文摘The comprehensive evaluation of Tahe medium gravity crude has demonstrated that this type of crude belongs to a intermediate base sour crude, featuring high vanadium content (103ppm), high carbon residue content, low pour point, and low acid value. Based on the crude processing conditions at SINOPEC Luoyang Petrochemical Branch Company, a proposal on the appropriate process flow scheme for processing Tahe crude oil has been raised with the main ideas presented as follows. The IBP-175 fraction is not an ideal feedstock for catalytic reforming; the 75-250 fraction is a qualified feedstock for zeolite de-waxing; the 140-230 fraction can be used to manufacture the No. 3 jet fuel through appropriate distillation range adjustment and product refining; the 175-350 fraction can be directly used to manufacture No.-10 diesel through proper refining; the atmospheric resid boiling over 350 is not suited to be used as the RFCC feedstock; the 350-520 vacuum distillate oil can be used as the FCC feedstock; and the vacuum residuum boiling over 520 is a good feedstock for manufacture of asphalt.
文摘Because of its high density and low cetane number, the light cycle oil(LCO) containing heavy aromatics(60%—80%) can hardly be transformed through the conventional hydro-upgrading technology. In this report, a novel LCO hydrocracking technology(FD2G) was proposed for the utilization of LCO to manufacture high value-added products. Through the ingenious combination of hydroprocessing catalyst and the hydrocracking process, the high octane gasoline and the ultra-low sulfur diesel(ULSD) blendstocks were produced simultaneously. The influence of catalyst type, reaction temperature, pressure, respectively, on the research octane number(RON) of produced gasoline was studied in a fixed bed hydrogenation reactor. It indicated that high reaction temperature and medium pressure would favor the production of highoctane gasoline through the conversion of bi-aromatic and tri-aromatic hydrocarbons. The typical results of FD2 G technology on commercial units showed that it could produce clean diesel with a sulfur content of less than 10 μg/g and clean gasoline with a research octane number(RON) of up to 92. It would be contributed to the achievement of the maximum profit of a refinery, the FD2 G technology could provide a higher economic efficiency than the other diesel quality upgrading technology under the current gasoline and diesel price system.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (Nos. G199902210534, 2005CB221202 and 2007CB210208)the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China (No. 2006AA020101)the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization of China (No. ZJUCEU2006004)
文摘Bamboo was a popular material substituting for wood, especially for one-off commodity in China. In order to recover energy and materials from waste bamboo, the basic characteristics of bamboo pyrolysis were studied by a thermogravimetric analyzer. It implied that the reaction began at 190-210℃, and the percentage of solid product deceased from about 25% to 17% when temperature ranged from 400℃ to 700℃. A lab-scale fluidized-bed furnace was setup to research the detailed properties of gaseous, liquid and solid products respectively. When temperature increased from 400℃ to 700℃, the mass percent of solid product decreased from 27% to 17% approximately, while that of syngas rose up from 19% to 35%. When temperature was about 500℃, the percentage of tar reached the top, about 31%. The mass balance of these experiments was about 93%-95%. It indicated that three reactions involved in the process： pyrolysis of exterior bamboo, pyrolysis of interior bamboo and secondary pyrolysis of heavy tar.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21676104,21336002,21376096)the Open Funding Project of the State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineeringthe Program of State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering(2017ZD05)
文摘Preparation of biodiesel from waste oils containing 72% of free fatty acids catalyzed by a novel Br?nsted acidic ionic liquid 1-sulfobutyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrosulfate([BHSO_3MIM][HSO_4]) was systematically investigated.The optimum molar ratio of methanol to waste oils,catalyst amount,reaction temperature and reaction time were 8/1,10%(based on the mass of waste oils),140°C and 6 h,respectively,under which the obtained yield of biodiesel reached 94.9%.Also,[BHSO_3MIM][HSO_4] as a catalyst still retained around 97% of its original catalytic activity after successive re-use of 5 batches(6 h per batch),showing the excellent operational stability.Moreover,the acidic IL [BHSO_3MIM][HSO_4] was able to ef ficiently catalyze conversions of waste oils with different amounts of FFAs(free fatty acids) into biodiesel,and showed tremendous application potential.Therefore,an ef ficient and environmentally friendly catalyst is provided for the synthesis of biodiesel from waste oils with high acid value.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2012CB701404)Major National Science and Technology Project(Grant No.2011ZX05008-002-33)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40873048,41173053)Gas Hydrate Survey in South Sea of China(Grant No.GZH2011003-05-04-01)This isa contribution to No.IS-1689 from Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘High abundant sulfur-containing steroids were identified and detected in saturate hydrocarbon fractions of heavy oil with a high sulfur content in the Jinxian Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,North China.These sulfur-containing steroids were structurally merged into the D-ring of steroid nucleus with thiophene ring and/or combined into the C-22 in the side-chain.Based on the previous reports of sulfur-containing steroids with methylthio-steroids and intra-molecular form,four formation mechanisms of sulfur-containing steroids and diagenetic pathway of steroids under S-rich conditions were proposed in this paper according to the double bond positions in the sterene compounds.Hydrogenation and sulfurization both occurred in the diagenetic processes of olefinic bond in the side-chain of steroids:abiogenic chemical hydrogenation of H2S and HS-leads to the formation of regular steranes;a successful sulfurization process leads to the formation of the side-chain sulfur-containing steroids whereas unsuccessful cyclization and/or sulfurization result in the generation of short-chain steranes.This kind of mechanism of hydrogenation/sulfurization of side-chain olefinic bond provides a potential genesis clue for the occurrence of high abundance of short-chain steranes(higher than the common regular steroids,phytane and n-alkanes)in S-rich heavy oils and source rocks in the Jinxian Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,North China.
