砂岩低渗透高粘土含量储层深度酸化配方的室内研究

针对砂岩低渗高粘土含量储层地质特点，分析了这类储层实现深度酸化的机理。通过土酸酸化反应机理的分析指出了土酸酸化的不足，提出了可溶解粘土、长石等铝硅酸盐矿物的新的化学配方体系，解决了低渗透高粘土含量储层的深度酸化问题。

Investigation on reinforcement-sand-clay layer system using direct-shear test

The property of the contact surface between geosynthetics and soil directly affects the whole structure＇s stability. The interface property is one of the most important indices for the reinforced structure. Systematic direct-shear tests with large direct-shear apparatus are carded out for geobelt reinforced clay under different normal stresses and water content. A reinforcement-sand-clay layer system improving the interface behavior greatly is designed. The stress-strain relationship is investigated on the basis of the experimental results. The results show that with the increase of the normal stress, the shear strength between the clay and the reinforcement increases nonlinearly, and with the increase of the water content, the friction coefficient between the clay and the reinforcement decreases dramatically and the cohesion between the clay and the polypropylene geobelt increases initially, then decreases. There is an optimal value for the water content between the clay and the polypropylene geobelt, which is 2% lower than the optimal water content of clay compaction. This reinforcement-sand-clay layer system improves the shear strength of the interface remarkably. Therefore, the clay-sand-reinforcement layer system is a rather good design for practical use in reinforcement engineering.

低渗稠油油藏降压注汽探索与实践

高升油田部分稠油区块储层物性较差,粘土含量高,胶结蔬松,同时还存在不同程度水敏、速敏、盐敏等敏感性。此类油藏在进行多轮次吞吐后,储层受到伤害,导致吞吐井注汽压力高,注汽困难。针对油藏特点和蒸汽吞吐开发过程中存在问题,研制出适合此类区块的降压注汽解堵技术。为高升油田类似区块吞吐井解堵增注开辟了一条新途径。

Initial search for low grade clay in Pakistan for producing LC^(3) ecofriendly cement

Industrialization has though brought comfort to our daily lives,but it has placed a lot of pressure on the planet’s natural resources,subsequently,it has adversely affected the environment.As the need for cement in the construction sector has grown,it has climbed dramatically globally.Around the world,more than 10 billion cubic meters of concrete are produced each year;it is doubtful that this volume will decrease.A significant expected rise in CO_(2) emissions is caused by increased cement demand.According to the UN Environment Program,buildings are responsible for up to 41%of global anthropogenic carbon emissions.The primary source of greenhouse gases utilized in the manufacturing of cement is clinker.Due to the unsustainable supply of fly ash,calcined clay appears to be a better Supplemental Cementitious Material(SCMs).Kaolin clay is widely available in Pakistan.The purpose of this investigation is to describe the mineral and thermal characteristics of Pakistani clays by examining their geographic distribution.Clay samples were gathered from 39 different places throughout Pakistan during a field investigation program.X-ray diffraction,X-ray Fluorescence,Reactivity,and thermogravimetric analyses were used to analyze the clay samples’mineral content and thermal characteristics.This study demonstrates that Pakistan has a substantial amount of kaolin clay reserves close to existing groups of cement plants.Pakistani clays can be utilized as SCM in the production of limestone calcined clay cement(LC^(3))due to the country’s vast kaolin clay reserves.This study further supports the viability of producing LC^(3) in the nation by providing a thorough analysis of the cement business,known deposits of qualifying clay,and the country’s cement production process.

Structure of weathered clastic crust and its petroleum potential

Weathered clastic crust can be subdivided into weathered clay and leached zone in terms of variable weathering of different minerals and mobility of weathered products.On the basis of clastic outcrops and well cores in the Junggar Basin,the dark red Fe-rich weathered clay is formed in an arid environment,whereas the light blue Al-rich weathered clay under humid conditions.According to the geochemical analysis,a new weathering index for weathered clastic crust is built mainly on Fe and Al contents,accurately indicating the weathered clay,sandy leached zone,and muddy leached zone in the Junggar Basin.The breaking pressure of weathered clay is rather large,the same as that of normal muddy cap,effectively to seal oil or gas.The porosity of underlying leached zone is greatly enhanced by weathering and leaching,but its permeability is a function of clay mineral content,i.e.,the higher the clay content,the worse the permeability.Weathered crust provides effective sealing conditions for both top and bottom layers of a petroleum reservoir,and is important in the clastic hydrocarbon exploration.