学校课程高结构设计与低结构实施——从课程到学习的探索

复兴高级中学在发掘教改传统的基础上,鲜明地提出＂高结构设计,低结构实施＂（以下简称＂高低结合＂）的教育理念。通过建构＂高低结合＂的课程体系,创建＂高低结合＂的课堂教学形态,形成＂高低结合＂的教师校本研修路径,为新高考下的高中综合改革、多样化办学提供了新思维、新视角。

浅谈“高结构设计、低结构实施”在高中地理教学中的实践与思考

“高结构设计、低结构实施”是高中地理教改实践的新理念、新思路。本文以“商业区位条件”为案例，阐述作者在教学实践中对此的思考。本文从地理科学的特性出发，根据学生的认知规律，重点指出在“高结构设计”中如何以目标为导向重构教材和知识载体；在“低结构实施”中如何运用情景素材和设置问题来引导学生自主学习。

宿迁市项王故里——核心景区建筑结构设计解析

通过实际工程,总结了在高烈度地区结构设计中的难点,并提出解决方法。针对仿古建筑的特殊性,给出了相应的解决方案。

高中历史教学的“高结构”设计与“低结构”实施

面对统编高中历史教材内容多、任务重的现状,高中历史教学需要在“高结构设计,低结构实施”上下功夫。“高结构”设计本质上是一种教学预设,重在从高处设计,从立德树人、服务教学、素养培养三个维度着眼。“低结构”实施是以学生的认知水平作为教育教学的逻辑起点,重在从低处实施,突出学生的自主学习、合作探究和历史实践,是关注学生的主体地位、学科核心素养、学科学习能力的教学过程。

哈尔滨万达滑雪场高区结构设计

哈尔滨万达滑雪场是目前全球最大的室内滑雪场。雪场高区结构设计难点较多,详细介绍了高区结构设计的内容,包括结构体系及优化措施、设计标准及性能目标,阐述了高区结构的超限审查要点,研究了高区结构的静力和动力性能,详细讨论了格构柱计算长度和防连续倒塌分析,并给出了关键节点设计方法,确保了结构体系、结构构件及节点连接的可靠性和合理性。

Vertical bearing capacity of pile based on load transfer model

The load transfer analytical method is applied to study the bearing mechanism of piles with vertical load in this paper. According to the different hardening rules of soil or rock around the pile shaft, such as work-softening, ideal elasto-plastic and work-hardening, a universal tri-linear load transfer model is suggested for the development of side and tip resistance by various types of soil (rock) with the consideration of sediment at the bottom of the pile. Based on the model, a formula is derived for the relationship between the settlement and load on the pile top to determine the vertical bearing capacity, taking into account such factors as the characteristics of the stratum, the side resistance along the shaft, and tip resistance under the pile tip. A close agreement of the calculated results with the measured data from a field test pile lends confidence to the future application of the present approach in engineering practice.

THE RESEARCH OF RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF STOWING SLURRY WITH HIGH-WATER MATERIALSOLIDIFYING TAILINGS

High-water material, tailings from goldmine and water are mixed into a new slurry.Testing of rheological properties of stowing slurries A and B is made to determine type and rheological parameters of the slurry. The main factors influencing rheological properties of the slurry are analyzed and the rational concentration and empirical resistance calculating formula of pipe line transportation are presented.

Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Cum Masonry Construction

In design and construction of low/high rise buildings, different forms of construction can be applied such as concrete shear wall structural system and framed structural system without or with masonry infill walls. At present, most buildings in East Africa are constructed as reinforced concrete framed structures with strong masonry infill, but during design, engineers assume that the masonry infill panels have zero contribution in offering load resistance. Due to the problem above, a study with an objective of finding out the influence of masonry panels on the properties of reinforced concrete infilled frame under vertical load has been done. Three types of models： reinforced concrete frame model, masonry model and reinforced concrete frame with masonry infill, were investigated using finite element technique. In additional to the finite element analysis, laboratory models were prepared and tested so as to check the validity of the analytical results. The obtained results have led to an establishment of a mathematical model which may be useful to the design engineers since masonry wall panels can now be considered as load bearing elements. Such consideration of frame together with masonry leads to an accurate and optimal design of the frame, resulting into lesser amount of reinforcement and geometrical properties of the frame.

Discussion on seismic design of high-rise building structure in China

With the rapid development of China＇s economy, the modernization drive and the process of urbanization continue to advance, land for urban construction is becoming more and tenser and land prices are rising steadily, there are more and more high-rise buildings, its density is also increasing. With the increasing number trend of high-rise building development, anti-seismic building requirement as an important part of architectural design is worthy of our exploration and study. Seismic resistance has become an important subject of engineering design. This paper will discuss the technical principle of seismic design in building structure design, so as to optimize the seismic design of high-rise building structure better.

An extended HLA multilayer federation integration architecture for multidisciplinary collaborative simulation

The development of complex products is essentially concerned with multidisciplinary knowledge. Running on Internet, integration based on muhilayer federation architecture and dynamic reuse of simulation resources are the major difficulties for complex product collaborative design and simulation. Since the traditional Run-Time Infrastructure （RTI） is not good at supporting these new requirements, an extended high level architecture （HLA） multilayer federation integration architecture （MLFIA）, based on the resource management federation （RMF） and its supporting environment based Service-oriented architecture （SOA） and HLA （SOHLA） are proposed, The idea and realization of two key technologies, the dynamic creation of simulation federation based on RMF, TH RTI, an extensible HLA runtime infrastructure （RTI）, used at Internet are emphasized. Finally, an industry case about multiple unit （MU） is given.

The dam design of Three Gorges Project

The dam of Three Gorges Project is a concrete gravity dam with the crest elevation of 185 m,the maximum height of 181 m and dam axis length of 2 309.5 m.The dam consists of spillway,powerhouse,non-over flow,ship-lift,temporary ship-lock,left diversion wall and longitudinal cofferdam blocks.Some key techniques relating to dam structure design are presented,including hydraulics of flood discharge structure,dam joint design,layout and structural type of penstock,deep anti-sliding stability of dam foundation,reconstruction of temporary ship-lock and closed drainage and pumping of dam foundation.

Crest-Height Distribution of Nonlinear Random Waves

The wave crest is an important factor for the design of both fixed and floating marine structures.Wave crest height is a dominant parameter in assessing the likelihood of wave-in-deck impact and resultant severe damage.Many empirical and theoretical distribution functions for wave crest heights have been proposed,but there is a lack of agreement between them.It is of significance to develop a better new nonlinear wave crest height distribution model.The progress in the research of wave crest heights is reviewed in this paper.Based on Stokes' wave theory,an approximate nonlinear wave crest-height distribution formula with simple parameters is derived.Two sets of measured data are presented and compared with various theoretical distributions of wave crests obtained from nonlinear wave models and analysis of the comparison is given in detail.The new crest-height distribution model agrees well with observations.Also,the new theoretical distribution is more accurate than the other methods cited in this paper and has a greater range of applications.

Integrated Open Source Design for Architecture in High-Density Housing Practice

High-density housing can be interpreted as collections of individual units, which inevitably results in the dilemma between the global standardization designed by architects and local customization implemented by users. However, it is impossible to reflect the users＇ various needs in the conceptual design stage for high-density housing because of the economic, industrial and time constrains. In response to this challenge, this research paper outlines a different high-density housing design approach that can adopt users＇ individual customization in the conceptual design stage during the housing design practice. Hence, the design process would be an open-ended evolutionary and transparent process rather than deterministic executions as we have now in most high-density cities, such as Hong Kong. In order to overcome the deficiency in addressing future uncertainties of different users and address the issues of one-off developments without iterating users＇ feedback in the housing practice, this essay proposes IOSDA （integrated open source design for architecture） for the design practice of high-density housing, through collective data and parametric connectivity between users and architects. IOSDA reflects a different design attitude towards the future, i.e., to shift from architects＇ heroic prediction of the future to collective engagement of the present with more robust capacities for new possibilities.

High Frequency Transformers for DC/DC Converter Used in Solar PV System

This paper presents and investigates planar and coaxial high frequency power transformers used for DC/DC converters in a three phase photo voltaic （PV） power systems. The winding structure including a Faraday shield between the primary and secondary windings is designed to minimize eddy current losses, skin and proximity effects, and to reduce the leakage inductance, and the inter winding coupling capacitance. Finite Element Method is employed to analyze the magnetic flux and eddy current distributions. The two different kinds of prototype high frequency transformers are designed and tested. The simulation and experiment results are demonstrated and compared with non-shielded transformers. The shielded transformers have achieved the expected results with a relatively small coupling capacitance, compared with the conventional high frequency transformer. This shield decreases the inter-winding coupling capacitance Cps. The topology of this shield has to be such that it acts as a Faraday screen while avoiding eddy current generation.

Across-wind loads and effects of super-tall buildings and structures

Across-wind loads and effects have become increasingly important factors in the structural design of super-tall buildings and structures with increasing height. Across-wind loads and effects of tall buildings and structures are believed to be excited by inflow turbulence, wake, and inflow-structure interaction, which are very complicated. Although researchers have been focusing on the problem for over 30 years, the database of across-wind loads and effects and the computation methods of equivalent static wind loads have not yet been developed, most countries having no related rules in the load codes. Research results on the across-wind effects of tall buildings and structures mainly involve the determination of across-wind aerodynamic forces and across-wind aerodynamic damping, development of their databases, theoretical methods of equivalent static wind loads, and so on. In this paper we first review the current research on across-wind loads and effects of super-tall buildings and structures both at home and abroad. Then we present the results of our study. Finally, we illustrate a case study in which our research results are applied to a typical super-tall structure.

Climate and extrema of ocean waves in the East China Sea

Wave climate plays an important role in the air-sea interaction over marginal seas. Extreme wave height provides fundamental information for various ocean engineering practices, such as hazard mitigation, coastal structure design, and risk assessment. In this paper, we implement a third generation wave model and conduct a high-resolution wave hindcast over the East China Sea to reconstruct a 15-year wave field from 1988 to 2002 for derivation of monthly mean wave parameters and analysis of extreme wave conditions. The numerical results of the wave field are validated through comparison with satellite altimetry measurements, low-resolution reanalysis, and the ocean wave buoy record. The monthly averaged wave height and wave period show seasonal variation and refined spatial patterns of surface waves in the East China Sea. The climatological significant wave height and mean wave period decrease from the open ocean in the southeast toward the continental area in the northwest, with the pattern generally following the bathymetry. Extreme analysis on the significant wave height at the buoy station indicates the hindcast data underestimate the extreme values relative to the observations. The spatial pattern of extreme wave height shows single peak emerges at the southwest of Ryukyu Island although a wind forcing with multi-core structure at the extreme is applied.

A novel microstructural design and heat treatment technique based on gradient control of carbon partitioning between austenite and martensite for high strength steels

Based on gradient control of carbon partitioning between martensite and austenite during heat treatment of steels,a stepping-quenching-partitioning(S-Q-P) process is developed for high strength steels.The S-Q-P process involves several quenching processes at progressively lower temperatures between martensite-start(Ms) and martensite-finish(Mf) temperatures,each followed by a partitioning treatment at either the initial quenching temperature or above that temperature.A novel microstructure is designed based on the S-Q-P process.Sizes and distributions of retained austenite and high-carbon martensite surrounded by martensite laths can be manipulated by the partitioning duration and temperature,and quenching temperature of the S-Q-P process.Alloying element Si is employed in the S-Q-P steel to suppress formation of carbides and create suitable amount of retained austenite.A steel of 0.39C-1.22Mn-1.12Si-0.23Cr(wt.%) treated by the S-Q-P process is endowed with some special microstructural characteristics:some strips of retained austenite located at edges of martensite blocks with high density of dislocations and between martensite laths,some small blocks of twinned martensites distributed among bundles of the low-carbon martensite lath.The mechanical properties of the medium carbon steel after the S-Q-P process can reach ultimate tensile strength(Rm) of 1240 MPa,total elongation(EI) of 25%,and product of strength and ductility(PSD) of 31.2 GPa% that are much more improved than those after the conventional quenching-tempering(Q-T) and currently prevailing quenching-partitioning(Q-P) treatments.The PSD of the tested steel after the S-Q-P process increases by 67% and 32% as compared with those after the Q-T and Q-P processes,respectively.

Improved multilevel storage capacity in Ge_(2)Sb_(2)Te_(5)-based phase-change memory using a high-aspect-ratio lateral structure

Further improvement of storage density is a key challenge for the application of phase-change memory(PCM)in storage-class memory.However,for PCM,storage density improvements include feature size scaling down and multilevel cell(MLC)operation,potentially causing thermal crosstalk issues and phase separation issues,respectively.To address these challenges,we propose a high-aspect-ratio(25:1)lateral nanowire(NW)PCM device with conventional chalcogenide Ge_(2)Sb_(2)Te_(5)(GST-225)to realize stable MLC operations,i.e.,low intra-and inter-cell variability and low resistance drift(coefficient=0.009).The improved MLC performance is attributed to the high aspect ratio,which enables precise control of the amorphous region because of sidewall confinement,as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy analysis.In summary,the NW devices provide guidance for the design of future high-aspect-ratio threedimensional PCM devices with MLC capability.

Achieving anti-sintering of supported platinum nanoparticles using a thermal management strategy

Sintering inhibition of a catalyst at high temperatures is a challenge during heterogeneous catalysis. In this paper, we report that hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN) is an optimal material for anti-sintering γ-Al_(2)O_(3)-supported Pt nanoparticles(NPs) originating from the high thermal conductivity of h-BN. The high thermal conductivity of h-BN ensures maximal heat dissipation from Pt NPs to γ-Al_(2)O_(3),thereby causing both Ostwald ripening and particle coalescence of Pt NPs to be decelerated at elevated temperatures.Inhibition of Pt NP sintering is also shown in the reducible TiO^(2-)supported Pt NPs with the help of h-BN. The proposed anti-sintering strategy using thermal management is universal, providing new insight into the design of anti-sintering materials and structures for a wide range of applications in heterogeneous catalysis.

Discussion on the Design Value of Environmental Condition in Offshore Structure Design

Return period is generally adopted to calculate the design value of environmental condition in offshore structure design. However, it can not make relevant adjustment according to structure＇s, especially the mobile unit＇s, life time or its operation areas and usually make the design either insufficiently safe or rather uneconomical. A formula is developed to solve this problem in the case of the design wave height, where the risk, the design life, the distributions of wave heights in operation areas and the operating durations in each area are regarded as parameters. The applications of this method and the comparisons with the general method are presented. The result of this method is considered to be proper.