The increasing trend of air temperature along with the climate warming has been accepted gradually by scientists and by the general public. Qinghai_Xizang Plateau, a unique geographic unit due to high_altitude climate...The increasing trend of air temperature along with the climate warming has been accepted gradually by scientists and by the general public. Qinghai_Xizang Plateau, a unique geographic unit due to high_altitude climate, is one of the most susceptible regions to climate warming. Its ecosystem is very fragile and sensitive to climate change. In order to get a better understanding of the impacts of climate warming on the nutrient contents of herbage grown in Qinghai_Xizang Plateau, a simulative study was implemented at Daban Moutain by using temperature differences resulted from sites selected at different altitudes and nutrient contents and in vitro digestibility were determined for assessing the quality of the grown herbage. There were significant downtrends in crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) contents of herbage along with the increase of temperature. It had a positive correlation between temperature and content of acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) in herbage. In vitro digestibility of herbage decreased along with the increase of temperature. The results of this study indicated that climate warming significantly influence nutrient contents and in vitro digestibility of herbage grown in Qinghai_Xizang Plateau. It is suggested that the future climate warming especially the gradual rise of the night temperature could cause negative effect on herbage quality grown in Qinghai_Xizang Plateau by decreasing CP, EE, and NFE contents and increasing some indigestible ingredients such as crude fibre (CF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), ADF, and ADL. This, consequently, decreases the ruminant assimilation ability.展开更多
Macronutrients （N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S） in litter of three primarily spruce （Picea purpurea Masters） （SF）, fir （Abies faxoniana Rehder ＆ E. H. Wilson） （FF）, and birch （Betula platyphylla Sukaczev） （BF） ...Macronutrients （N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S） in litter of three primarily spruce （Picea purpurea Masters） （SF）, fir （Abies faxoniana Rehder ＆ E. H. Wilson） （FF）, and birch （Betula platyphylla Sukaczev） （BF） subalpine forests in western China were measured to understand the monthly variations in litter nutrient concentrations and annual and monthly nutrient returns via litteffall. Nutrient concentration in litter showed the rank order of Ca 〉 N 〉 Mg 〉 K 〉 S 〉 P. Monthly variations in nutrient concentrations were greater in leaf litter （LL） than other litter components. The highest and lowest concentrations of N, P, K, and S in LL were found in the growing season and the nongrowing season, respectively, but Ca and Mg were the opposite. Nutrient returns via litterfall showed a marked monthly pattern with a major peak in October and one or two small peaks in February and/or May, varying with the element and stand type, but no marked monthly variations in nutrient returns via woody litter, reproductive litter, except in May for the BF, and moss litter. Not only litter production but also nutrient concentration controlled the annual nutrient return and the monthly nutrient return pattern. The monthly patterns of the nutrient concentration and return were of ecological importance for nutrient cycling and plant growth in the subalpine forest ecosystems.展开更多
This study was conducted to evaluate the intake, total and partial digestibility of nutrient, ruminal pH and ammonia concentration, microbial protein synthesis and performance in crossbred Holstein × Zebu cattle ...This study was conducted to evaluate the intake, total and partial digestibility of nutrient, ruminal pH and ammonia concentration, microbial protein synthesis and performance in crossbred Holstein × Zebu cattle fed four different hybrids sorghum silages （1F305, XBF60329, BRS610, Volumax）. In Experiment 1, four rumen and abomasum fistulated steers, 400 ± 80 kg, distributed in a 4 × 4 Latin Square, were used. In Experiment 2, 28 crossbred Holstein × Zebu steers, 350 ± 50 kg, distributed in a randomized block design with four treatments and seven replicates, were used. In Experiment 1, it was observed that nutrient intake, as well as total, ruminal and intestinal digestibility of nutrient, were not affected （P 〉 0.05） by diets, except for total apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber （NDFap）, which was lower for the BRS610 hybrid. There was lower NDFap ingestion in animals that received a diet containing silage from the BRS610 hybrid, however, the lowest intake non-fibrous carbohydrates （NFC） was observed for the diet containing silage from the Volumax hybrid. In Experiment 2, nutrient intake were not affected by the diets （P 〉 0.05）, whereas, NDFap intake was lesser for hybrid BRS610. It was found that daily weight gain and feed conversion were not affected by different silages diets. Therefore, it may be concluded that the diets used were nutritionally equivalent, as they promoted similar animal performance without affecting ruminal parameters.展开更多
This paper studied the treatment of the landscape river in ChangZhou Scientific and Educational Town by a new integrative apparatus for water purification, which used ozone pre-oxidation-moDified clay-ozone biological...This paper studied the treatment of the landscape river in ChangZhou Scientific and Educational Town by a new integrative apparatus for water purification, which used ozone pre-oxidation-moDified clay-ozone biological activated carbon integrated process. The results indicate that the effectiveness of the algal removal with mentioned integrated process is much higher and the apparatus can operate stably. When the turbidity, chemical oxygen demand （CODMn）, total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP） and algae densities of the raw water are 29-38 NTU, 7.45-7.79 mg/L, 2.496-2.981 mag/L, 0.237-0.255 mg/L and 5.78-7.94×10^8 cells/L respectively, it can be reduced to 0.8-1.7 NTU, 1.69-2.84 rag/L, 0.579-0.692mg/L, 0.013-0.038 mg/L, 0.06-0.38×10^8 cells/L. The average removal rates of turbidity, CODMn, TN, TP and algae density can reach 96.4%, 71.5%, 76.8%, 92.0% and 96.9% respectively. The treated water can meet the requirements of class Ⅰ- Ⅱ in Environmental Quality Standard, for Surface Water.展开更多
文摘The increasing trend of air temperature along with the climate warming has been accepted gradually by scientists and by the general public. Qinghai_Xizang Plateau, a unique geographic unit due to high_altitude climate, is one of the most susceptible regions to climate warming. Its ecosystem is very fragile and sensitive to climate change. In order to get a better understanding of the impacts of climate warming on the nutrient contents of herbage grown in Qinghai_Xizang Plateau, a simulative study was implemented at Daban Moutain by using temperature differences resulted from sites selected at different altitudes and nutrient contents and in vitro digestibility were determined for assessing the quality of the grown herbage. There were significant downtrends in crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) contents of herbage along with the increase of temperature. It had a positive correlation between temperature and content of acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) in herbage. In vitro digestibility of herbage decreased along with the increase of temperature. The results of this study indicated that climate warming significantly influence nutrient contents and in vitro digestibility of herbage grown in Qinghai_Xizang Plateau. It is suggested that the future climate warming especially the gradual rise of the night temperature could cause negative effect on herbage quality grown in Qinghai_Xizang Plateau by decreasing CP, EE, and NFE contents and increasing some indigestible ingredients such as crude fibre (CF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), ADF, and ADL. This, consequently, decreases the ruminant assimilation ability.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30471378, 90202010 and 30211130504)the Applied and Basic Research Program of Sichuan Province, and the Talent-Recruiting Program of Sichuan Agricultural University
文摘Macronutrients （N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S） in litter of three primarily spruce （Picea purpurea Masters） （SF）, fir （Abies faxoniana Rehder ＆ E. H. Wilson） （FF）, and birch （Betula platyphylla Sukaczev） （BF） subalpine forests in western China were measured to understand the monthly variations in litter nutrient concentrations and annual and monthly nutrient returns via litteffall. Nutrient concentration in litter showed the rank order of Ca 〉 N 〉 Mg 〉 K 〉 S 〉 P. Monthly variations in nutrient concentrations were greater in leaf litter （LL） than other litter components. The highest and lowest concentrations of N, P, K, and S in LL were found in the growing season and the nongrowing season, respectively, but Ca and Mg were the opposite. Nutrient returns via litterfall showed a marked monthly pattern with a major peak in October and one or two small peaks in February and/or May, varying with the element and stand type, but no marked monthly variations in nutrient returns via woody litter, reproductive litter, except in May for the BF, and moss litter. Not only litter production but also nutrient concentration controlled the annual nutrient return and the monthly nutrient return pattern. The monthly patterns of the nutrient concentration and return were of ecological importance for nutrient cycling and plant growth in the subalpine forest ecosystems.
文摘This study was conducted to evaluate the intake, total and partial digestibility of nutrient, ruminal pH and ammonia concentration, microbial protein synthesis and performance in crossbred Holstein × Zebu cattle fed four different hybrids sorghum silages （1F305, XBF60329, BRS610, Volumax）. In Experiment 1, four rumen and abomasum fistulated steers, 400 ± 80 kg, distributed in a 4 × 4 Latin Square, were used. In Experiment 2, 28 crossbred Holstein × Zebu steers, 350 ± 50 kg, distributed in a randomized block design with four treatments and seven replicates, were used. In Experiment 1, it was observed that nutrient intake, as well as total, ruminal and intestinal digestibility of nutrient, were not affected （P 〉 0.05） by diets, except for total apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber （NDFap）, which was lower for the BRS610 hybrid. There was lower NDFap ingestion in animals that received a diet containing silage from the BRS610 hybrid, however, the lowest intake non-fibrous carbohydrates （NFC） was observed for the diet containing silage from the Volumax hybrid. In Experiment 2, nutrient intake were not affected by the diets （P 〉 0.05）, whereas, NDFap intake was lesser for hybrid BRS610. It was found that daily weight gain and feed conversion were not affected by different silages diets. Therefore, it may be concluded that the diets used were nutritionally equivalent, as they promoted similar animal performance without affecting ruminal parameters.
文摘This paper studied the treatment of the landscape river in ChangZhou Scientific and Educational Town by a new integrative apparatus for water purification, which used ozone pre-oxidation-moDified clay-ozone biological activated carbon integrated process. The results indicate that the effectiveness of the algal removal with mentioned integrated process is much higher and the apparatus can operate stably. When the turbidity, chemical oxygen demand （CODMn）, total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP） and algae densities of the raw water are 29-38 NTU, 7.45-7.79 mg/L, 2.496-2.981 mag/L, 0.237-0.255 mg/L and 5.78-7.94×10^8 cells/L respectively, it can be reduced to 0.8-1.7 NTU, 1.69-2.84 rag/L, 0.579-0.692mg/L, 0.013-0.038 mg/L, 0.06-0.38×10^8 cells/L. The average removal rates of turbidity, CODMn, TN, TP and algae density can reach 96.4%, 71.5%, 76.8%, 92.0% and 96.9% respectively. The treated water can meet the requirements of class Ⅰ- Ⅱ in Environmental Quality Standard, for Surface Water.
