声学风洞中的高速列车模型气动噪声试验研究

研究借助气动-声学风洞试验平台,首先针对某高速列车的1:8缩尺比例的三车编组模型建立了气动噪声试验方法和突显不同的噪声源的模型处理方法,并结合流场外自由场传声器和传声器阵列的测量结果,分析了模型上的主要噪声源特性及对整个模型的贡献量大小。研究表明:转向架和受电弓噪声是模型的最主要噪声源,其次是车连接部位间隙,再次是鼻尖和排障器,最后是尾车,同时,并给出了这些噪声源的特性,这对于认识高速列车气动噪声和改善设计有重要的参考价值。研究也说明所提出的试验研究方法是一种研究高速列车气动噪声较为有效地方法。

试验用高速运动模型车涡流制动技术研究

针对一列比例为110的铝合金动车组运动模型车,在其轨道两侧排布极性交替变化的电磁铁,利用涡流作用力实现模型车的平稳制动及导向。在研究涡流制动技术的基础上,进行了运动模型车制动系统的建模。通过对电磁铁极距分别为100mm和400mm两种情况进行分析,得出了切向制动力随速度的增大而先增大后减小,法向排斥力随速度的增大而始终保持增大的结论。根据仿真特性曲线计算得出了制动时间及制动距离,为进一步的制动装置设计提供了参考数据。

基于模态法的高速列车车体关键位置应力谱及寿命评估研究

基于刚柔耦合理论,建立了考虑车体高频弹性振动的高速列车刚柔耦合动力学模型,利用模态应力恢复法对服役条件下车体关键位置动应力进行了求解。通过扫频激励方法模拟了车辆典型服役模式,识别了典型服役工况下车体动态薄弱位置。进一步研究了车体动态薄弱位置在不同轮轨匹配等效锥度下的特征应力谱。基于京广线线路条件仿真分析了不同轮轨匹配锥度状态下车体关键位置应力谱,并研究了不同应力谱编制方式对车体寿命评估的影响。结果表明:基于扫频激励方法的车体结构动态薄弱位置识别方法,可以有效识别车体结构动态薄弱位置;轮轨匹配等效锥度在镟修周期的动态演变会导致车辆稳定性下降,从而可以显著增大车体关键位置动应力幅值。因此,在车体结构关键位置寿命评估中,考虑轮轨关系动态演变对车辆关键部位应力谱的影响具有至关重要的意义。

高速列车车体动态薄弱位置及特征应力谱研究

为了研究高速列车车体的动态薄弱位置及服役条件下薄弱位置应力谱特征,基于车辆系统动力学、有限元理论和刚柔耦合理论,建立了8编组的高速列车高频刚柔耦合动力学模型。基于模态应力恢复法,利用反映服役模式的轮轨扫频激励,研究并识别了车体服役条件下的动态薄弱位置。通过该模型,进一步研究了车体动态薄弱位置处的应力谱特征,分析了不同运营速度和不同曲线半径对特征应力谱的影响。结论表明:车体的动态薄弱位置主要集中在窗角、门框、枕梁、牵引梁与枕梁交接等部位,其对车体一阶垂弯、车体一阶扭转、车体顶棚和侧墙局部高频模态较为敏感。随着车辆运营速度的增加和曲线半径的减小,由于车体模态振动加剧,车体动态薄弱位置的应力幅值显著增加。

气动噪声相似关系及在风洞试验中的应用

研究以基本气动噪声源(单极子声源、偶极子声源和四极子声源)向远场辐射声功率和物体运动过程中产生的气动噪声与运动速度、物体特征尺寸、距观测点距离和介质特性等的关系,推出了相似运动物体向远场辐射气动声的相互转换关系式,并利用气动声学风洞对高速列车模型产生的远场气动噪声进行测量,据此关系式从低风速测量结果推出了高风速结果,用试验数据进行验证.研究表明,此关系式反映了原型和模型之间在远场辐射气动噪声的相互关系,对模型试验结果分析和向原型的转换具有一定的借鉴作用.

本期导读

路基表面锯齿结构对高速列车模型气动阻力的影响目前,开展附面层对高速列车模型气动特性的影响研究大多数是采用数值模拟的方法,通过在试验地板或路基前端设置粗糙的结构物对路基表面附面层实施干预从而研究其对试验模型气动阻力影响的公开文献相对较少。

Calculation grid and turbulence model for numerical simulating pressure fluctuations in high-speed train tunnel

Calculation grid and turbulence model for numerical simulating pressure fluctuations in a high-speed train tunnel are studied through the comparison analysis of numerical simulation and moving model test.Compared the waveforms and peak-peak values of pressure fluctuations between numerical simulation and moving model test,the structured grid and the SST k-ωturbulence model are selected for numerical simulating the process of high-speed train passing through the tunnel.The largest value of pressure wave amplitudes of numerical simulation and moving model test meet each other.And the locations of the largest value of the initial compression and expansion wave amplitude of numerical simulation are in agreement with that of moving model test.The calculated pressure at the measurement point fully conforms to the propagation law of compression and expansion waves in the tunnel.

Analysis of external noise spectrum of high-speed railway

A schematic to make the spectra of the exterior noise of high speed railway was put forward. The exterior noise spectrum was defined based on the characteristics of the high-speed train exterior noise. Its characteristics considered here include identifying the exterior main sources and their locations, their frequency components including the Doppler effect due to the noise sources moving at high speed, the sound field intensity around the train in high-speed operation, the sound radiation path out of the train, and the pressure level and frequency components of the noise at the measuring points specified by the International Organization for Standardization(ISO). The characteristics of the high-speed train exterior noise of the high speed railways in operation were introduced. The advanced measuring systems and their principles for clearly indentifying the exterior noise sources were discussed in detail. Based on the concerned noise results measured at sites, a prediction model was developed to calculate the sound level and the characteristics of the exterior noise at any point where it is difficult to measure and to help to make the exterior noise spectrums. This model was also verified with the test results. The verification shows that there is a good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results.

Research of inverse mathematical model to high-speed trains

Operation safety and stability of the train mainly depend on the interaction between the wheel and rail.Knowledge of wheel/rail contact force is important for vehicle control systems that aim to enhance vehicle stability and passenger safety.Since wheel/rail contact forces of high-speed train are very difficult to measure directly,a new estimation process for wheel/rail contact forces was introduced in this work.Based on the state space equation,dynamic programming methods and the Bellman principle of optimality,the main theoretical derivation of the inversion mathematical model was given.The new method overcomes the weakness of large fluctuations which exist in current inverse techniques.High-speed vehicle was chosen as the research object,accelerations of axle box as input conditions,10 degrees of freedom vertical vibration model and 17 degrees of freedom lateral vibration model were established,respectively.Under 250 km/h,the vertical and lateral wheel/rail forces were identified.From the time domain and frequency domain,the comparison of the results between inverse and SIMPACK models were given.The results show that the inverse mathematical model has high precision for inversing the wheel/rail contact forces of an operation high-speed vehicle.

Wear characteristics and prediction of wheel profiles in high-speed trains

Wheel/rail relationship is a fundamental problem of railway system. Wear of wheel profiles has great effect on vehicle performance. Thus, it is important not just for the analysis of wear characteristics but for its prediction. Actual wheel profiles of the high-speed trains on service were measured in the high-speed line and the wear characteristics were analyzed which came to the following results. The wear location was centralized from-15 mm to 25 mm. The maximum wear value appeared at the area of 5 mm from tread center far from wheel flange and it was less than 1.5 mm. Then, wheel wear was fitted to get the polynomial functions on different locations and operation mileages. A binary numerical prediction model was raised to predict wheel wear. The prediction model was proved by vehicle system dynamics and wheel/rail contact geometry. The results show that the prediction model can reflect wear characteristics of measured profiles and vehicle performances.

Dynamic analysis of a high-speed train operating on a curved track with failed fasteners

A high-speed train-track coupling dynamic model is used to investigate the dynamic behavior of a high-speed train operating on a curved track with failed fasteners. The model considers a high-speed train consisting of eight vehicles coupled with a ballasted track. The vehicle is modeled as a multi-body system, and the rail is modeled with a Timoshenko beam resting on the discrete sleepers. The vehicle model considers the effect of the end connections of the neighboring vehicles on the dynamic behavior. The track model takes into account the lateral, vertical, and torsional deformations of the rails and the effect of the discrete sleeper support on the coupling dynamics of the vehicles and the track. The sleepers are assumed to move backward at a constant speed to simulate the vehicle running along the track at the same speed. The train model couples with the track model by using a Hertzian contact model for the wheel/rail normal force calculation, and the nonlinear creep theory by Shen et al. (1984) is used for wheel/rail tangent force calculation. In the analysis, a curved track of 7000-m radius with failed fasteners is selected, and the effects of train operational speed and the number of failed fasteners on the dynamic behaviors of the train and the track are investigated in detail. Furthermore, the wheel/rail forces and derailment coefficient and the wheelset loading reduction are analyzed when the high-speed train passes over the curved track with the different number of continuously failed fasteners at different operational speeds. Through the detailed numerical analysis, it is found that the high-speed train can operate normally on the curved track of 7000-m radius at the speeds of 200 km/h to 350 km/h.

An Improved Discrete-Time Model for Heterogeneous High-Speed Train Traffic Flow

This paper aims to present a simulation model for heterogeneous high-speed train traffic flow based on an improved discrete-time model（IDTM）.In the proposed simulation model,four train control strategies,including departing strategy,traveling strategy,braking strategy,overtaking strategy,are well defined to optimize train movements.Based on the proposed simulation model,some characteristics of train traffic flow are investigated.Numerical results indicate that the departure time intervals,the station dwell time,the section length,and the ratio of fast trains have different influence on traffic capacity and train average velocity.The results can provide some theoretical support for the strategy making of railway departments.

Viscoelastic plastic continuous physical model of a magnetorheological damper applied in the high speed train

In the preliminary design stage of high-speed train smart suspension,a simple,yet accurate magnetorheological(MR)damper model whose parameters have clear physical meaning is needed.Based on the working mechanism analysis and the dynamic behavior study of the MR damper,a new consecutive viscoelastic plastics(VEP)model is proposed.A methodology to find the parameters of the proposed model directly has been proposed.The comparison with experimental results indicates that the proposed model could adequately characterize the intrinsic nonlinear behavior of the MR damper,including the hysteretic behavior,roll-off phenomenon,and the variation of the hysteresis width in terms of the frequency and magnitude of excitation.The results of experimental testing prove that the accuracy of the proposed model is higher than that of the phenomenological model while only containing four undetermined parameters with clear physical meaning.Moreover,based on the proposed VEP model,a nonlinear stiffness VEP(nkVEP)model is developed with higher precision in the hysteretic region.The nkVEP model,which can reproduce the behavior of the damper with fluctuating input current,is developed.The proposed model could predict accurately the response of the MR damper in a wide range of frequency and displacement.