青少年近视合并高眼压的调查分析

目的:宣教青少年近视合并高眼压的危险性,促使其爱护眼睛,提高视力。方法:对2000例青少年近视眼作常规眼压检查,其值在正常人群的高限或高限以上,确诊为青少年近视合并高眼压。结果:2000例患者中有45例87眼,眼压≥21mmHg(1mmHg=0.133Kp),眼压范围在21～50mmHg,平均≥26.6mmHg,并伴有局限性视野缺损。结论:眼压应列为青少年近视的眼科常规检查项目,可及早发现高眼压患者,预防青光眼发生。

A Novel High-Voltage Detector Integrated into SPIC by Using FFLR

A novel high voltage detector that can be integrated into SPIC (Smart Power IC) is proposed.The structure is designed on the basis of normal junction terminal technique of FFLR (Floating Field Limiting Rings) system.The field limiting ring as a voltage divider,is used to optimize the surface field.The voltage of main junction increases from 0 to a high value,while the utmost ring is designed to vary within a small range,which can be handled by using low voltage logic circuits.An example of 400V rings system is analyzed and simulated for this structure.The results prove that the high voltage detector can detect high voltage in SPIC.The structure can be integrated into SPIC.Besides,it is compatible with CMOS or BCD(Bipolar CMOS Dmos) technology,without any additional processes required.

Finite element analysis of high-pressure hose for radial horizontal wells in coalbed methane extraction

Based on the serial-parallel model of single-layer board and the lamination theory, the forces exerted on different layers of the high-pressure hose and the resulting deformations were analyzed when the hose was radially stretched. An equation was proposed to calculate the anisotropic elastic constant of the composite layer with the wound steel wires. Furthermore, the finite element analysis （FEA） model of the high-pressure hose was established, followed by a simulation of the forces that act on different layers, and their deformations. The simulation results show that the stress imposed on the inner reinforced layer and external reinforced layer of the high-pressure hose are approximately 150 MPa and 115 MPa, respectively, in the presence of inner pressure. The stress of the rubber coating and polyethylene coating is lower. The lowest stress occurs on the inner surface of the high-pressure hose and the rubber coating between the two composite layers. The deformation of the rubber layer in the inner surface of the high-pressure hose decreases gradually along the radial direction from the inner surface to the external surface. The deformation of the reinforced composite layer is less than that of the external surface of the rubber coating. The equivalent stress of the reinforced composite layer is higher than that caused by the inner pressure, due to the presence of both inner pressure and axial tension.

FEM Analysis of Tube Preforming and Hydroforming Process for an Automotive Part

The tube hydroforming technology is used today in the mass production of lightweight components for the automotive industries due to its advantages over conventional stamping methods. A typical tube hydroforming process is usually a multiple forming operation process. The tube preforming and hydroforming process of an automobile subframe were analyzed by finite element method (FEM), and a parametric study was also carried out to obtain the effect of the forming parameters such as the die closing, the internal pressure and the axial feeding. The simulation results were also compared with industrial products in respect to the thickness distribution of some typical and key cross-sections. The study indicates that the internal pressure and the axial feeding should be set correctly and the multiple forming operations of tube hydroforming process can be simulated well by using the explicit code Ls-Dyna.

Surface-Driven High-Pressure Processing

The application of high pressure favors many chemical processes, providing higher yields or improved rates in chemical reactions and improved solvent power in separation processes, and allowing activation barriers to be overcome through the increase in molecular energy and molecular collision rates. High pressures-up to millions of bars using diamond anvil cells-can be achieved in the laboratory, and lead to many new routes for chemical synthesis and the synthesis of new materials with desirable thermody- namic, transport, and electronic properties. On the industrial scale, however, high-pressure processing is currently limited by the cost of compression and by materials limitations, so that few industrial processes are carried out at pressures above 25 MPa. An alternative approach to high-pressure processing is pro- posed here, in which very high local pressures are generated using the surface-driven interactions from a solid substrate. Recent experiments and molecular simulations show that such interactions can lead to local pressures as high as tens of thousands of bars （1 bar=1×10^5 Pa）, and even millions of bars in some cases. Since the active high-pressure processing zone is inhomogeneous, the pressure is different in dif- ferent directions. In many cases, it is the pressure in the direction parallel to the surface of the substrate （the tangential pressure） that is most greatly enhanced. This pressure is exerted on the molecules to be processed, but not on the solid substrate or the containing vessel. Current knowledge of such pressure enhancement is reviewed, and the possibility of an alternative route to high-pressure processing based on surface-driven forces is discussed. Such surface-driven high-pressure processing would have the advantage of achieving much higher pressures than are possible with traditional bulk-phase processing, since it eliminates the need for mechanical compression. Moreover, no increased pressure is exerted on the containing vessel for the process, thus eliminating concerns about materials failure.

Global lateral buckling analysis of idealized subsea pipelines

In order to avoid the curing effects of paraffin on the transport process and reduce the transport difficulty,usually high temperature and high pressure are used in the transportation of oil and gas.The differences of temperature and pressure cause additional stress along the pipeline,due to the constraint of the foundation soil,the additional stress can not release freely,when the additional stress is large enough to motivate the submarine pipelines buckle.In this work,the energy method is introduced to deduce the analytical solution which is suitable for the global buckling modes of idealized subsea pipeline and analyze the relationship between the critical buckling temperature,buckling length and amplitude under different high-order global lateral buckling modes.To obtain a consistent formulation of the problem,the principles of virtual displacements and the variation calculus for variable matching points are applied.The finite element method based on elasto-plastic theory is used to simulate the lateral global buckling of the pipelines under high temperature and pressure.The factors influencing the lateral buckling of pipelines are further studied.Based upon some actual engineering projects,the finite element results are compared with the analytical ones,and then the influence of thermal stress,the section rigidity of pipeline,the soil properties and the trigging force to the high order lateral buckling are discussed.The method of applying the small trigging force on pipeline is reliable in global buckling numerical analysis.In practice,increasing the section rigidity of a pipeline is an effective measure to improve the ability to resist the global buckling.