类高雪细胞在慢性粒细胞白血病中的意义

目的 探讨慢性粒细胞白血病（CML）患者骨髓中出现类高雪细胞的意义。方法 对1980-2001年收治的122例CML患者进行回顾性研究。并使用Cox回归和Kaplan-Meier模型对这些患者进行生存分析。结果 122例CML患者的骨髓涂片中有39例找到类高雪细胞，83例无类高雪细胞的CML患者的平均存活时间为42.28个月，39例有类高雪细胞的CML患者的平均存活时间为69.20个月，两组之间有显著性差异（P<0.01)。但类高雪细胞的数量与患者的存活时间无明显的关系（P=0.462)；经传统化疗方法治疗后，有类高雪细胞的CML组出现死亡或急变的比例（14/39）明显低于无类高雪细胞的CML组（52/83）（P=0.006)。结论 类高雪细胞的存在表明这类CML患者的治疗效果较好和存活期延长，它可以作为预测患者预后的一个指标。

引发高雪氏症酶的结构被破译

最近,由Weizmann研究所的科学家们组成的多学科研究小组近日成功地破译了葡萄糖脑苷脂酶(GCase)的三维结构,并发现编码该酶的基因发生突变导致高雪氏症(Gaucher disease,一种因缺乏葡萄糖脑苷脂酶而引致的脂沉和症伴巨脾)。这项发现有望引领科学家们设计出治疗高雪氏症的新方法。研究证实,高雪氏症是一种遗传性疾病,主要是在德系犹太人中发病;1882年首先由法国医生Philippe Gaucher报道。

慢性粒细胞白血病骨髓中出现类高雪细胞的意义

目的探讨慢性粒细胞白血病 ( CML)患者骨髓中出现类高雪细胞的意义。方法利用形态学及细胞化学染色检查 10 7例 CML患者和 32例类白血病反应患者的骨髓涂片 ;并对 10 7例 CML患者进行生存分析。结果 10 7例 CML患者的骨髓涂片中有 33例找到类高雪细胞 ,而类白血病反应患者的骨髓涂片中未找到类高雪细胞 ;74例无类高雪细胞的 CML患者的平均存活时间为 44.6 6个月 ,33例有类高雪细胞的患者平均存活时间为 73.74个月 ,两组之间有显著性差异 ( P<0 .0 1) ,但类高雪细胞的数量与患者的存活时间无明显关系 ( P>0 .0 5 ) ;有类高雪细胞的 CML组出现死亡、急变或进入加速期的比例 ( 11/33)明显低于无类高雪细胞的 CML组 ( 4 2 /74)( P<0 .0 5 )。结论类高雪细胞的存在表明 CML患者的治疗效果较好和存活期延长 ,此外 ,它们对

高雪从“肺系伏邪”辨治肺炎性假瘤

肺炎性假瘤病位在肺系,病机在于正气不足,有形之邪积聚肺络。当肺鼻同治,常运用辛散宣通鼻窍之药,如辛夷、白芷、蔓荆子、炒苍耳子、路路通等,并配合鼻腔冲洗。中焦脾虚证给予六君子汤加减,以健运脾气、培土生金;痰热互结证给予小陷胸汤加减,以化痰通络、活血化瘀、散结消癥。

现代化进程中忧愁致死的小城女子形象拾零——以《小城三月》、《徙》为例

萧红的《小城三月》和汪曾祺的《徙》分别塑造了翠姨和高雪两位女性形象,她们一个住在江南小镇,一个住在哈尔滨的乡下小城,一南一北,共同经历着人生的不如意,且都在最美好的年纪,忧愁而死。

海蓝组织细胞增生症肺浸润一例报告

海蓝组织细胞(Sea blue histioc-yte)与高雪细胞和尼曼一匹克细胞同属于泡沫细胞。瑞氏或姬姆萨氏染色可见胞桨内含有不同数量的海蓝色颗粒而得名。海蓝组织细胞增生症也称海蓝组织细胞综合症,由Sawitsky 等于1954年首次报告,Silvers-tein 等于1970年总结了9例。有关该病在 X线方面的表现,国内有关杂志上报告很少。现将我院诊治的一例报告如下。

慢性粒细胞白血病的少见表现

慢性粒细胞白血病(慢粒)的典型临床表现早被人们所熟知,但是不少慢粒具有少见临床表现,易被误诊。我院自1979～1993年共收治慢粒病人[均按《血液病诊断及疗效标准》确诊]45例,6例具有少见临床表现,报告如下。 临床资料 例1 首次就诊表现为:慢粒红白血病变。女,16岁,学生,因乏力,腹胀1月,发烧2天入院。体查:T38℃,P120次,贫血貌,肝在肋下2.5cm。

Assessment of Snow Cover Vulnerability over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

By using daily air temperature and precipitation data, and the weather phenomena data of daily snowfall from 98 meteorological stations over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau （QTP）, this paper performs an ＂at-risk＂ evaluation on snowfall and accumulated snow over the QTP under current climate situation and future climate warming condition. When rainfall, snowfall, or accumulated snow weather phenomena occur, critical values are determined based on dally air temperature and precipitation for current climate conditions. Air temperature of 0 ℃ is defined as the critical value of temperature for rainfall or snowfall, while 0 ℃ air temperature and 4.0 mm （autumn） or 3.0 mm （spring） snowfall amounts are defined as the critical values for accumulated snowfall. Analyses based on the above critical values disclose that under current climate condition, stations with ＂at-risk＂ accumulated snow account for 33% and 36% of all stations, and the ＂at-risk＂ snowfall stations reach 78% and 81% in autumn and spring, respectively. Spatially, most stations with ＂at-risk＂ accumulated snow are located on the southern and eastern edge of the QTP, and stations with ＂at-risk＂ snowfall are also apparent at the northern edge. If the air temperature increases by 2.5 ℃ in 2050, only the snowfall at a few ＂at-risk＂ snowfall stations will transform into rainfall, while most ＂at-risk＂ accumulated snow stations will face the problem that snowfall is hardly accumulated. Additionally, most stations will become ＂at-risk＂ accumulated snow stations, indicating that both the snow depth and the snow cover duration will decline in most areas of the QTP, including a delay of the start date and an advancing of the end date of snow cover.

A comparison of lower limb stiffness and mechanical muscle function in ACL-reconstructed,elite,and adolescent alpine ski racers/ski cross athletes

Purpose： The aim of this study was to compare mechanical muscle function in the eccentric/concentric phases of vertical bilateral jumping in anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed （ACLR）, elite （ELITE）, and adolescent （ADOL） alpine ski racers and ski cross athletes. Methods： Alpine ski racers/ski crossers （ACLR： n = 12, age = 26.7 ± 3.8 years; ELITE： n = 12, age = 23.9 ± 3.0 years; ADOL： n = 12, age = 17.8 ± 0.7 years; females： n = 6 per group, males： n = 6 per group） performed 5 maximal countermovement jumps （CMJs） and 5 squat jumps. The ground reaction forces for each limb were analyzed using dual force plate recording to obtain body center of mass （BCM） velocity, displacement, and power. The eccentric deceleration （ECC） and concentric phases were determined from BCM velocity. CMJ net concentric and ECC impulses were calculated （body mass normalized） along with the peak and mean BCM power and maximal vertical jump height. CMJ lower limb stiffness （LLS） was determined by the slope of the ground reaction forces vs. the BCM displacement curve over the ECC phase. Concentric and ECC asymmetry indices were calculated for each leg, and the left vs. right LLS was compared. Outcome measures （reported as mean ± SD） calculated as a 5-jump mean were normalized to body mass and compared using an analysis of variance. Results： No between-group differences were found for peak and mean power or jump heights. There were no group differences for LLS or net concentric phase impulse, but the net ECC impulse was lower in the ADOL group compared with ELITE skiers （ADOL： 1.33 ± 0.32 Ns/kg; ELITE： 1.59 ± 0.16 Ns/kg; p 〈 0.05）. Although no group differences were found for ECC asymmetry indices, a group × limb interaction was found for LLS （p 〈 0.01）, which was systematically higher in the right vs. the left limb of ADOL skiers （right： 54.1 ± 17.9 N/m/kg; left： 48.7 ± 15.7 N/m/kg;p 〈 0.01）. Conclusion： ADOL skiers demonstrated decreased ECC impulse and systematic right limb dominance in LLS compared with ACLR and ELITE skiers. The implication of these findings for injury and performance are unknown, but further investigation into these potential relationships is warranted.2018 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. （http：//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/）.

Retrieval Snow Depth by Artificial Neural Network Methodology from Integrated AMSR-E and In-situ Data——A Case Study in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

On the basis of artificial neural network (ANN) model, this paper presents an algorithm for inversing snow depth with use of AMSR-E (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System (EOS)) dataset, i.e., brightness temperature at 18.7 and 36.5GHz in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the snow season of 2002-2003. In order to overcome the overfitting problem in ANN modeling, this methodology adopts a Bayesian regularization approach. The experiments are performed to compare the results obtained from the ANN-based algorithm with those obtained from other existing algorithms, i.e., Chang algorithm, spectral polarization difference (SPD) algorithm, and temperature gradient (TG) algorithm. The experimental results show that the presented algorithm has the highest accuracy in estimating snow depth. In addition, the effects of the noises in datasets on model fitting can be decreased due to adopting the Bayesian regularization approach.

Numerical and experimental investigation on snow accumulation on bogies of high-speed trains

This paper reviews the current status of investigation on snow accumulation on the bogies of high-speed trains(HSTs) running in snowy region. First, the background of the snow issue occurring to the HST and the contra-measures for the snow issue proposed in the past decades are provided by reviewing previous studies. Next, the methodology for investigating the snow issue developed by High-Speed Train Research Center of Central South University is introduced, including the numerical simulation research platform and the experimental devices for two-phase flow wind tunnel tests. Then, effective anti-snow flow control schemes for guiding the underbody airflow and their impact on the motion and accretion of snow in the installation region of the bogies are presented. Finally, the remaining investigating challenge for the snow issue of HST and the future research with respect to the challenge are provided from an engineering application viewpoint.

Persistence of Snow Cover Anomalies over the Tibetan Plateau and the Implications for Forecasting Summer Precipitation over the Meiyu-Baiu Region

The present reported study investigated the persistence of snow anomalies over the Tibetan Plateau(TP) from the preceding seasons to summer and the relationship between the previous snow cover anomaly and summer precipitation over East Asia. The results showed that, relative to other snow indices, such as the station observational snow depth(SOSD) index and the snow water equivalent(SWE) index, the snow cover area proportion(SCAP) index calculated from the SWE and the percentage of visible snow of the Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grids(EASE-grids) dataset has a higher persistence in interannual anomalies, particularly from May to summer. As such, the May SCAP index is significantly related to summer precipitation over the Meiyu-Baiu region. The persistence of the SCAP index can partly explain the season-delayed effect of snow cover over the TP on summer rainfall over the Meiyu-Baiu region besides the contribution of the soil moisture bridge. The preceding SST anomaly in the tropical Indian Ocean and ENSO can persist through the summer and affect the summer precipitation over the Meiyu-Baiu region. However, the May SCAP index is mostly independent of the simultaneous SSTs in the tropical Indian Ocean and the preceding ENSO and may affect the summer precipitation over the Meiyu-Baiu region independent of the effects of the SST anomalies. Therefore, the May SCAP over the TP could be regarded as an important supplementary factor in the forecasting of summer precipitation over the Meiyu-Baiu region.

浙江省与“一带一路”沿线国家贸易现状及发展思路研究

"一带一路"是中国特色社会主义新时代进一步深化开放的重大战略部署。浙江省现阶段处于工业化中后期,而"一带一路"沿线国家处于不同的工业化阶段,形成了不同的优势产业类型,浙江与"一带一路"沿线国家贸易潜力巨大。本文选取越南、印度尼西亚、泰国、沙特阿拉伯、伊朗、南非6个国家作为分析样本,采集杭州海关与上述国家进出口数据,进行产业内贸易指数计算,并对机电、纺织、化工三大重点行业国际贸易情况进行分析,最后对浙江与"一带一路"沿线国家外贸发展提出建议。总体发展思路是,针对"一带一路"沿线国家不同的产业梯度及其与浙江省产业不同的竞争状态,对于产业内贸易指数高的行业,应着重产品差别化,对产业内贸易指数较低、互补性强的行业,则应着眼于利用"一带一路"带来的战略机遇,大力拓展新兴国家市场。

Numerical simulation of mean interference effects for the interfering buildings with different heights

The mean wind-induced interference effects between two high-rise buildings,in which the interfering buildings have different heights,were numerical simulated in the terrain roughness of B and D types by the Reynolds stress equation model(RSM)of fluent.The results are in good agreement with those of the wind tunnel test.Influences of the relative arrangement of two buildings,the height of the interfering buildings and the terrain roughness upon the mean interference effects were analyzed,and the space distributions of IFCPs on the principal building under tandem arrangement were studied.The results indicate that the lower interfering buildings can always bring larger interference factors comparing to the higher ones under tandem arrangement except that the height is larger than 1.25h,and the heights' influence on the mean interference effects will increase as the reduced spacing of two buildings.The influence of heights will be little under stagger arrangement.

Assessing the Impacts of Initial Snow Conditions over the Tibetan Plateau on China Precipitation Prediction Using a Global Climate Model

Two ensemble experiments were conducted using a general atmospheric circulation model. These experiments were used to investigate the impacts of initial snow anomalies over the Tibetan Plateau(TP) on China precipitation prediction. In one of the experiments, the initial snow conditions over the TP were climatological values; while in the other experiment, the initial snow anomalies were snow depth estimates derived from the passive microwave remote-sensing data. In the current study, the difference between these two experiments was assessed to evaluate the impact of initial snow anomalies over the TP on simulated precipitation. The results indicated that the model simulation for precipitation over eastern China had certain improvements while applying a more realistic initial snow anomaly, especially for spring precipitation over Northeast China and North China and for summer precipitation over North China and Southeast China. The results suggest that seasonal prediction could be enhanced by using more realistic initial snow conditions over TP, and microwave remote-sensing snow data could be used to initialize climate models and improve the simulation of eastern China precipitation during spring and summer. Further analyses showed that higher snow anomalies over TP cooled the surface, resulting in lower near- surface air temperature over the TP in spring and summer. The surface cooling over TP weakened the Asian summer monsoon and brought more precipitation in South China in spring and more precipitation to Southeast China during summer.

Sensitivity of the Number of Snow Cover Days to Surface Air Temperature over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Based on the number of snow cover days （NSCDs） and homogenized surface air temperature data for the period 1951-2004, this study performs the quantitative analysis on the sensitivity of NSCDs to surface air temperature over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau （QTP）. Results show that both the extreme sensitivity and sensitivity under current climate are higher in the edge than in the central area of the QTP. There exists a strong negative correlation between station＇s elevation and critical temperature, at which the sensitivity reaches extremum. The negative correlation between the elevation and the extreme sensitivity is not as strong as the former one. Currently, the climatological temperatures in quite a few stations do not reach the critical stage. The sensitivity at these stations will become greater under the current background of climate warming, which means NSCDs will be more sensitive to surface air temperature.

Snowline and Snow Cover Monitoring at High Spatial Resolution in a Mountainous River Basin Based on a Timelapse Camera at a Daily Scale

Snowline change and snow cover distribution patterns are still poorly understood in steep alpine basins of the Qilian Mountainous region because fast changes in snow cover cannot be observed by current sensing methods due to their short time scale. To address this issue of daily snowline and snow cover observations, a ground- based EOS 7D camera and four infrared digital hunting video cameras （LTL5210A） were installed around the Hulugou river basin （HRB） in the Qilian Mountains along northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau （38°15′54″N, 99°52′53″E） in September 2011. Pictures taken with the EOS 7D camera were georeferenced and the data from four LIL521oA cameras and snow depth sensors were used to assist snow cover estimation. The results showed that the time-lapse photography can be very useful and precise for monitoring snowline and snow cover in mountainous regions. The snowline and snow cover evolution at this basin can be precisely captured at daily scale. In HRB snow cover is mainly established after October, and the maximum snow cover appeared during February and March. The consistent rise of the snowline and decrease in snow cover appeared after middle part of March. This melt process is strongly associated with air temperature increase.

The Variability of the Snow and Ice Melt in Alpine Rivers in Northwestern China

The study of snow and ice melt （SIM） is important in water-scarce arid regions for the assessment of water supply and quality. These studies involve unique difficulties, especially in the calibration of hydro-models because there is no direct way to continuously measure the SIM at hydrostations. The recursive digital filter （RDF） and the isotopic hydro-geochemical method （IHM） were coupled to separate the SIM from eight observed series of alpine streamflows in northwestern China. Validation of the calibrated methods suggested a good capture of the SIM characteristics with fair accuracy in both space and time. Applications of the coupled methods in the upper reaches of the Hei River Basin （HRB） suggested a double peak curve of the SIM fraction to streamflow for the multi-component recharged （MCR） rivers, while a single peak curve was suggested for the rainfall-dominant recharged （RDR） rivers. Given inter-annual statistics of the separation, both types of the alpine rivers have experienced an obvious decrease of SIM since 196os. In the past 10 years, the SIM in the two types of rivers has risen to the levels of the 1970s, but has remained lower than the level of the 1960s. The study provided a considerable evidence to quantify the alpine SIMbased on the separation of observed data series at gauge stations. Application of the coupled method could be helpful in the calibration and validation of SIM-related hydro-models in alpine regions.

REASONS FOR THE LATE ONSET AND ANOMALOUS SOUTHWARD PERSISTENCE OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA SUMMER MONSOON IN 2005

Features of atmospheric circulation and thermal structures are discussed using the NCAR/NCEP data to reveal the reasons for the late onset and anomalous southward persistence of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon(SCSSM) in 2005.The results show that three factors are crucial.First,a strong Arabian High overlaps with a high-latitude blocking high and channels strong cold air to southern Asia.Second,the Tibetan Plateau has a bigger snow cover than usual in spring and the melting of snow cools down the surface.Third,the Somali Jet breaks out at a much later date,being not conducive to convection over Indochina.The former two factors restrict atmospheric sensible heating over the Tibetan Plateau and nearby regions while the third one limits latent heating over Indochina.All of the factors slow down atmospheric warming and postpone the onset of SCSSM.Long after the onset of SCSSM,strong cold air over India advances the Southwest Monsoon northward slowly,resulting in weaker convection and latent heating over the Tibetan Plateau and nearby areas.The negative feedback conversely inhibits further northward movement of Southwest Monsoon.

Alpine Taxa Exhibit Differing Responses to Climate Warming in the Snowy Mountains of Australia

The phenologies of plants and animals in snow-covered landscapes are expected to accelerate with global warming.However,there are few studies that have examined a range of unrelated taxa in alpine environments to determine whether there is commonality in the proximate causes,synchrony in timing,or the direction of any changes.Records for five alpine animal species and two alpine plant species,chosen primarily for their visibility,were examined to determine their temporal response to regional climate warming.Over the 30-year period studied,they showed an array of different phenological responses.Plant flowering appeared linked to date of snow melt,whereas animal responses varied.Although having accelerated phenologies,two migratory bird species exhibited contrary changes;one to low-altitude warming regardless of snow conditions in the alpine zone (flame robin) and the other to state of the snowpack regardless of low-altitude temperatures (Richard's pipit).By contrast,the migratory bogong moth arrived significantly later over the years with no apparent explanatory climatic cause.Although bogong moths are not responding to earlier snow melt,insectivorous predators on the ground are.This could lead to a serious mismatch in timing at different trophic levels,putting pressure on endangered vertebrates.Emergence of locally wintering insect species,March flies and Macleay's swallowtails,were not significantly related to measured climatic parameters over the study period.A consequence of the disparate responses to climate warming recorded here is the questionable value of 'indicator species' to examine the impact of climate warming on alpine ecosystems.