Distribution and Diversity of Candida tropicalis Strains in Different Marine Environments

1089 strains of yeasts were obtained from seawater,sea sediments,mud of sea salterns,guts of marine fishes,mangroveplants and marine algae.The results of routine identification and molecular analysis methods show that 44 strains among the marineyeasts obtained in this study belong to Candida tropicalis,which may indicate its wide distribution in different environment,especially in the tropical and subtropical marine environment.The wide distribution of C.tropicalis indicates that it may play an important role in marine environment and the marine environment in turn is a good source for obtaining C.tropicalis.

Effect of Dietary Vitamin E on the Sperm Quality of Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus)

A 3-month feeding experiment was conducted in an in-door seawater system to investigate the effect of dietary vitamin E （Ve） on the sperm quality of turbot （Scophthalmus maximus）. D-α-tocopherol acetate was supplemented to the basal （control） diet （65.14 mg kg-l Ve） to obtain low and high levels of dietary Ve （244.60 mgkg-1, LVe; 721.60 mg kg-1, HVe）. Compared with the con- trol, sperm concentration was significantly increased in Ve-supplemented groups （LVe and HVe）; while relative sperm volume and testis-somatic index were significantly increased in group HVe only. Sperm motility duration was significantly longer in group HVe than in the control, but no significant difference was observed in percent motility among groups. Sperm size, the uniformity of mito- chondrial size, and the integrity of mitochondria cristae and plasma membrane were improved by dietary Ve, especially in HVe. The content of Ve in testis and liver as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids in sperm increased with dietary Ve. These results suggested that dietary Ve, especially at the high level （721.60 mg kgl）, significantly improved sperm concentration and motility duration and main- tained normal sperm morphology of turbot.Abstract A 3-month feeding experiment was conducted in an in-door seawater system to investigate the effect of dietary vitamin E （Ve） on the sperm quality of turbot （Scophthalmus maximus）. D-α-tocopherol acetate was supplemented to the basal （control） diet （65.14 mg kg-l Ve） to obtain low and high levels of dietary Ve （244.60 mgkg-1, LVe; 721.60 mg kg-1, HVe）. Compared with the con- trol, sperm concentration was significantly increased in Ve-supplemented groups （LVe and HVe）; while relative sperm volume and testis-somatic index were significantly increased in group HVe only. Sperm motility duration was significantly longer in group HVe than in the control, but no significant difference was observed in percent motility among groups. Sperm size, the uniformity of mito- chondrial size, and the integrity of mitochondria cristae and plasma membrane were improved by dietary Ve, especially in HVe. The content of Ve in testis and liver as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids in sperm increased with dietary Ve. These results suggested that dietary Ve, especially at the high level （721.60 mg kgl）, significantly improved sperm concentration and motility duration and main- tained normal sperm morphology of turbot.

Distribution of Mercury in a Gadoid Fish Species, Tusk （Brosme brosme）, and Its Implication for Food Safety

The tusk （Brosme brosme） is a popular gadoid fish for human consumption, which also is susceptible to mercury accumulation. However, few data of mercury levels in tusk exist, and it is difficult to compare tusk fished from assumed contaminated areas with background levels. The aim of this study was to increase the information of mercury levels observed in tusk from the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. Samples of tusk were collected from seven different localities in open ocean areas, nine along the Norwegian coastal current （NCC）, and from two fjord stations. Determinations of mercury in muscle and liver were carried out using inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICPMS） after microwave-assisted wet digestion. The highest concentrations of mercury in muscle were found in tusk captured from the fjords Hardangerfjord and Sorfjord, and had mean concentrations of mercury at 1.5 and 1.7 mg kg＂~ wet weight （ww）, respectively, where all of the tusk exceeded EU＇s upper limit of 0.5 mg kg1 ww. The lowest concentrations of mercury were observed in tusk captured from the open ocean areas, and the concentrations ranged from 0.08 to 0.30 mg kg-1 ww. Mercury concentrations of tusk captured along the NCC ranged from 0.21 to 0.49 mg kg-1 ww. Mercury concentrations increased with the weight of the tusk, and variance analysis （ANOVA） of weight normalized mercury concentrations showed that there were significant differences in mercury concentrations between tusk collected from the open ocean, NCC and fjords, which indicates that differences in mercury concentration between different areas arecaused by other factors.

Effects of Ionic Concentrations on Survival and Growth in Polyculture of Litopenaeus vannamei with Oreochromis niloticus in Low Salinity Water

A study comparative of rearing of the Pacific white shrimp （Litopenaeus vannamei） with the Nile tilapia （Oreochromis niloticus） in three earthen ponds （5,600 m^2） with the salinity ranged from 0.5-1.2 ppt and three treatment ponds with salinity of 2-4 ppt by adding brine water into the ponds. Postlarvae 12 （PL12） of L. vannamei were stocked at density of 9 PL/m^2 and after one week the Nile tilapia fingerlings were stocked at density of I fish/m^2. Only pelleted feed were given to the fish during the 196-day rearing period. Shrimps were partially harvested by sieve net at day 80 and 120, and five days later PLI2 were stocked at the rate of 3 PL/m^2. After final harvesting at day 196, the production, body weight and survival from the treatment group were significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） than those of the control group. While the fish production body weight and survival rate from both groups were not significant differences （P 〉 0.051）. The ionic concentration of six major ions （CI, SO42, Ca^2＋, Na^＋, Mg^2＋ and K^＋）, salinity and hardness in the treatment ponds were significantly higher than those of the control ponds （P 〈 0.05）. Moreover, the ionic profiles of the treatment ponds were similar to seawater at the salinity of 2 ppt while only 1 ppt in the control ponds. Results from the study indicated that in order to achieve good growth and survival rate of L. vannamei, brine water should be added into grow-out ponds prior to stocking and during the rearing： period to obtain and maintain the salinity not less than 2 ppt.

“瀦野澤”諸問題辨正

文獻所見“瀦野澤”相關名稱有“都野澤”“休屠澤”“白亭海”“魚海子”“青土湖”等。漢代之後,“瀦野澤”水域變化大,南北朝時蜕變爲東西兩湖。歷代名稱演化繁雜,所在地域區劃變更頻仍。南北朝以來,“瀦野澤”相關湖泊文獻記録問題頗多,其要有三:其一是闞駰、李吉甫誤讀文獻,杜撰肅州“白亭水”乃至“白亭海”,唐代及其後文獻以(傳),歷代相因。其二是明清文獻混淆“休屠澤”“白亭海”“魚海子”方位及名稱,多誤以“魚海子”爲“白亭海”或“休屠澤”,乃至誤記“瀦野澤”(“魚海子”)在清代武威縣等。其三是受歷代文獻誤記影響,今人歷史地圖編纂中存在誤標、漏標“瀦野澤”相關湖泊及名稱,以及標識位置失當等問題。