Aquatic products are extremely perishable food commodities. Developing methods to keep the freshness of fish represents a major task of the fishery processing industry. Application of Lactic Acid Bacteria(LAB) as food...Aquatic products are extremely perishable food commodities. Developing methods to keep the freshness of fish represents a major task of the fishery processing industry. Application of Lactic Acid Bacteria(LAB) as food preservative is a novel approach. In the present study, the possibility of using lactic acid bacteria in freshness keeping of tilapia fillets as sashimi was examined. Fish fillets were dipped in Lactobacillus plantarum 1.19(obtained from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center) suspension as LAB-treated group. Changes in K-value, APC, sensory properties and microbial flora were analyzed. Results showed that LAB treatment slowed the increase of K-value and APC in the earlier storage, and caused a smooth decrease in sensory score. Gram-negative bacteria dominated during refrigerated storage, with Pseudomonas and Aeromonas being relatively abundant. Lactobacillus plantarum 1.19 had no obvious inhibitory effect against these Gram-negatives. However, Lactobacillus plantarum 1.19 changed the composition of Gram-positive bacteria. No Micrococcus were detected and the proportion of Staphylococcus decreased in the spoiled LAB-treated samples. The period that tilapia fillets could be used as sashimi material extended from 24 h to 48 h after LAB treatment. The potential of using LAB in sashimi processing was confirmed.展开更多
To study the effect of low temperature stress on hematological parameters and HSP gene expression in the turbot （Seophthalmus maximus）, water temperature was lowered rapidly from 18 to 1℃. During the cooling proces...To study the effect of low temperature stress on hematological parameters and HSP gene expression in the turbot （Seophthalmus maximus）, water temperature was lowered rapidly from 18 to 1℃. During the cooling process, three individuals were removed from culture tanks at 18, 13, 8, 5, 3, and 1℃. Blood samples and tissues were taken from each individual, hematological indices and HSP gene expression in tissues were measured. The red blood cell count, white blood cell count, and hemoglobin concentration decreased significantly （P〈0.05） as temperature decreased. Enzyme activities of plasma alanine transaminase and creatine kinase increased as temperature decreased, whereas aspartic transaminase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activities displayed no obvious changes above 1℃ and lactate dehydrogenase activity increased first and then decreased. Blood urea nitrogen and uric acid levels were highest at 8℃, and creatinine concentration was highest at 3℃. The concentrations of plasma cortisol, cholesterol, and triglyceride all increased significantly （P〈0.05） as temperature decreased. The serum glucose concentration increased first and then decreased to the initial level. The HSP70 mRNA expression showed various patterns in different tissues, whereas HSP90 mRNA expression showed the same tendency in all tissues. Overall, these results indicate that temperature decreases in the range of 8 to 5℃ may induce a stress response in S. maximus and that temperature should be kept above 8℃ in the aquaculture setting to avoid damage to the fish.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the liver-protecting effect of parenteral nutrition(PN) support with omega-3 fatty acids in a randomized controlled clinical trial.METHODS:Sixty-six patients with the diagnosis of end-stage liver di...AIM:To investigate the liver-protecting effect of parenteral nutrition(PN) support with omega-3 fatty acids in a randomized controlled clinical trial.METHODS:Sixty-six patients with the diagnosis of end-stage liver disease or hepatic cellular carcinoma were admitted to the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital,Nanjing University,China for orthotopic liver transplantation.The patients were randomly divided into two groups:PN group(n = 33) and polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) group(n = 33).All patients received isocaloric and isonitrogenous PN for seven days after surgery,and in PUFA group omega-3 fish oil lipid emulsion replaced part of the standard lipid emulsion.Liver function was tested on days 2 and 9 after surgery.Pathological examination was performed after reperfusion of the donor liver and on day 9.Clinical outcome was assessed based on the post-transplant investigations,including:(1) post-transplant mechanical ventilation;(2) total hospital stay;(3) infectious morbidities;(4) acute and chronic rejection;and(5) mortality(intensive care unit mortality,hospital mortality,28-d mortality,and survival at a one-year post-transplant surveillance period).RESULTS:On days 2 and 9 after operation,a significant decrease of alanine aminotransferase(299.16 U/L ± 189.17 U/L vs 246.16 U/L ± 175.21 U/L,P = 0.024) and prothrombin time(5.64 s ± 2.06 svs 2.54 s ± 1.15 s,P = 0.035) was seen in PUFA group compared with PN group.The pathological results showed that omega-3 fatty acid supplement improved the injury of hepatic cells.Compared with PN group,there was a significant decrease of post-transplant hospital stay in PUFA group(18.7 d ± 4.0 d vs 20.6 d ± 4.6 d,P = 0.041).Complications of infection occurred in 6 cases of PN group(2 cases of pneumonia,3 cases of intra-abdominal abscess and 1 case of urinary tract infection),and in 3 cases of PUFA group(2 cases of pneumonia and 1 case of intra-abdominal abscess).No acute or chronic rejection and hospital mortality were found in both groups.The one-year mortality in PN group was 9.1%(3/33),one died of pulmonary infection,one died of severe intra-hepatic cholangitis and hepatic dysfunction and the other died of hepatic cell carcinoma recurrence.Only one patient in PUFA group(1/33,3.1%) died of biliary complication and hepatic dysfunction during follow-up.CONCLUSION:Post-transplant parenteral nutritional support combined with omega-3 fatty acids can significantly improve the liver injury,reduce the infectious morbidities,and shorten the post-transplant hospital stay.展开更多
Roes of yellowfin tuna （Thunnus albacares） and red snapper （Lutjanus champecanus） are considered as abundant and underutilized by-product in Indonesia. The production of roe protein concentrate （RPC） is expected...Roes of yellowfin tuna （Thunnus albacares） and red snapper （Lutjanus champecanus） are considered as abundant and underutilized by-product in Indonesia. The production of roe protein concentrate （RPC） is expected to increase the economic value and potency of their usage. Tuna and red snapper RPC was defatted using etano195% with one, two, three and four times of repetition. Both RPC made with four times repetition of defatting had the highest protein content （79.90% and 80.72%）, showed high emulsion activity （97.46% and 99.62%） and emulsion stability （97.10% and 99.48%）, and decreased the interfacial tension of 51% and 55.9%, respectively. Mayonnaise was made with 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% substitution level of each RPC with four times repetition ofdefatting. The physical, chemical and organoleptic properties of mayonnaise were studied. The best mayonnaise formulation was obtained from 50% substitution level of tuna and red snapper RPC. Mayonnaise with tuna and red snapper RPC had good viscosity （5,920 cPs and 5,845 cPs）, high emulsion stability （90.5% and 91.73%） and small fat globule size （±2.5 lam and ± 2.25 lam）, respectively. These mayonnaises also showed high score of spreadability and low intense of fishy odor. However they still had quite strong of fishy flavor based on scoring test.展开更多
Large areas of hypoxic water have recently been reported in the East China Sea. It is hypothesized that hypoxia may be partially responsible for the decline of some fish stocks. We evaluated the effect of hypoxia on l...Large areas of hypoxic water have recently been reported in the East China Sea. It is hypothesized that hypoxia may be partially responsible for the decline of some fish stocks. We evaluated the effect of hypoxia on large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). The fish were exposed to three concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO; 1.5 mg/L and 2.0 mg/L, and 6.5 mg/L control). We collected blood after 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h exposure. There was a significant increase in red blood count, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin in the group exposed to 1.5 mg/L DO after 6 h or 12 h, and a delayed increase (only elevated after 48 h and 96 h) in these indices in the group exposed to 2.0 mg/L DO. Plasma glucose concentrations increased significantly in both hypoxic groups after 24 h. Furthermore, plasma lactate and lactate dehydrogenase activity increased significantly after the first 6 h exposure in both hypoxic groups. Our results suggest that large yellow croakers could not maintain the aerobic pathway and instead use anaerobic metabolism for survival when DO levels fall below 2.0 mg/L. We conclude that the occurrence of hypoxia (<2 mg/L DO) in the East China Sea could cause metabolic stress for large yellow croakers and may be partially responsible for the population decline of this species.展开更多
The hypoxia signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved cellular signaling pathway present in animals ranging from Caenorhabditis elegans to mammals.The pathway is crucial for oxygen homeostasis maintenance.Hypox...The hypoxia signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved cellular signaling pathway present in animals ranging from Caenorhabditis elegans to mammals.The pathway is crucial for oxygen homeostasis maintenance.Hypoxia-inducible factors(HIF-1αand HIF-2α)are master regulators in the hypoxia signaling pathway.Oxygen concentrations vary a lot in the aquatic environment.To deal with this,fishes have adapted and developed varying strategies for living in hypoxic conditions.Investigations into the strategies and mechanisms of hypoxia adaptation in fishes will allow us to understand fish speciation and breed hypoxia-tolerant fish species/strains.This review summarizes the process of the hypoxia signaling pathway and its regulation,as well as the mechanism of hypoxia adaptation in fishes.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31301587)Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing,Ministry of Agriculture,China
文摘Aquatic products are extremely perishable food commodities. Developing methods to keep the freshness of fish represents a major task of the fishery processing industry. Application of Lactic Acid Bacteria(LAB) as food preservative is a novel approach. In the present study, the possibility of using lactic acid bacteria in freshness keeping of tilapia fillets as sashimi was examined. Fish fillets were dipped in Lactobacillus plantarum 1.19(obtained from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center) suspension as LAB-treated group. Changes in K-value, APC, sensory properties and microbial flora were analyzed. Results showed that LAB treatment slowed the increase of K-value and APC in the earlier storage, and caused a smooth decrease in sensory score. Gram-negative bacteria dominated during refrigerated storage, with Pseudomonas and Aeromonas being relatively abundant. Lactobacillus plantarum 1.19 had no obvious inhibitory effect against these Gram-negatives. However, Lactobacillus plantarum 1.19 changed the composition of Gram-positive bacteria. No Micrococcus were detected and the proportion of Staphylococcus decreased in the spoiled LAB-treated samples. The period that tilapia fillets could be used as sashimi material extended from 24 h to 48 h after LAB treatment. The potential of using LAB in sashimi processing was confirmed.
基金Supported by the Special Foundation for Youth Science and Technology of Qingdao(No.14-2-4-59-jch)the Science and Technology Development Planning of Shandong Province(No.2011GGC21007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41206144)
文摘To study the effect of low temperature stress on hematological parameters and HSP gene expression in the turbot （Seophthalmus maximus）, water temperature was lowered rapidly from 18 to 1℃. During the cooling process, three individuals were removed from culture tanks at 18, 13, 8, 5, 3, and 1℃. Blood samples and tissues were taken from each individual, hematological indices and HSP gene expression in tissues were measured. The red blood cell count, white blood cell count, and hemoglobin concentration decreased significantly （P〈0.05） as temperature decreased. Enzyme activities of plasma alanine transaminase and creatine kinase increased as temperature decreased, whereas aspartic transaminase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activities displayed no obvious changes above 1℃ and lactate dehydrogenase activity increased first and then decreased. Blood urea nitrogen and uric acid levels were highest at 8℃, and creatinine concentration was highest at 3℃. The concentrations of plasma cortisol, cholesterol, and triglyceride all increased significantly （P〈0.05） as temperature decreased. The serum glucose concentration increased first and then decreased to the initial level. The HSP70 mRNA expression showed various patterns in different tissues, whereas HSP90 mRNA expression showed the same tendency in all tissues. Overall, these results indicate that temperature decreases in the range of 8 to 5℃ may induce a stress response in S. maximus and that temperature should be kept above 8℃ in the aquaculture setting to avoid damage to the fish.
基金Supported by Grants From Jiangsu Provincial Government,China,No. ZX200605
文摘AIM:To investigate the liver-protecting effect of parenteral nutrition(PN) support with omega-3 fatty acids in a randomized controlled clinical trial.METHODS:Sixty-six patients with the diagnosis of end-stage liver disease or hepatic cellular carcinoma were admitted to the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital,Nanjing University,China for orthotopic liver transplantation.The patients were randomly divided into two groups:PN group(n = 33) and polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) group(n = 33).All patients received isocaloric and isonitrogenous PN for seven days after surgery,and in PUFA group omega-3 fish oil lipid emulsion replaced part of the standard lipid emulsion.Liver function was tested on days 2 and 9 after surgery.Pathological examination was performed after reperfusion of the donor liver and on day 9.Clinical outcome was assessed based on the post-transplant investigations,including:(1) post-transplant mechanical ventilation;(2) total hospital stay;(3) infectious morbidities;(4) acute and chronic rejection;and(5) mortality(intensive care unit mortality,hospital mortality,28-d mortality,and survival at a one-year post-transplant surveillance period).RESULTS:On days 2 and 9 after operation,a significant decrease of alanine aminotransferase(299.16 U/L ± 189.17 U/L vs 246.16 U/L ± 175.21 U/L,P = 0.024) and prothrombin time(5.64 s ± 2.06 svs 2.54 s ± 1.15 s,P = 0.035) was seen in PUFA group compared with PN group.The pathological results showed that omega-3 fatty acid supplement improved the injury of hepatic cells.Compared with PN group,there was a significant decrease of post-transplant hospital stay in PUFA group(18.7 d ± 4.0 d vs 20.6 d ± 4.6 d,P = 0.041).Complications of infection occurred in 6 cases of PN group(2 cases of pneumonia,3 cases of intra-abdominal abscess and 1 case of urinary tract infection),and in 3 cases of PUFA group(2 cases of pneumonia and 1 case of intra-abdominal abscess).No acute or chronic rejection and hospital mortality were found in both groups.The one-year mortality in PN group was 9.1%(3/33),one died of pulmonary infection,one died of severe intra-hepatic cholangitis and hepatic dysfunction and the other died of hepatic cell carcinoma recurrence.Only one patient in PUFA group(1/33,3.1%) died of biliary complication and hepatic dysfunction during follow-up.CONCLUSION:Post-transplant parenteral nutritional support combined with omega-3 fatty acids can significantly improve the liver injury,reduce the infectious morbidities,and shorten the post-transplant hospital stay.
文摘Roes of yellowfin tuna （Thunnus albacares） and red snapper （Lutjanus champecanus） are considered as abundant and underutilized by-product in Indonesia. The production of roe protein concentrate （RPC） is expected to increase the economic value and potency of their usage. Tuna and red snapper RPC was defatted using etano195% with one, two, three and four times of repetition. Both RPC made with four times repetition of defatting had the highest protein content （79.90% and 80.72%）, showed high emulsion activity （97.46% and 99.62%） and emulsion stability （97.10% and 99.48%）, and decreased the interfacial tension of 51% and 55.9%, respectively. Mayonnaise was made with 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% substitution level of each RPC with four times repetition ofdefatting. The physical, chemical and organoleptic properties of mayonnaise were studied. The best mayonnaise formulation was obtained from 50% substitution level of tuna and red snapper RPC. Mayonnaise with tuna and red snapper RPC had good viscosity （5,920 cPs and 5,845 cPs）, high emulsion stability （90.5% and 91.73%） and small fat globule size （±2.5 lam and ± 2.25 lam）, respectively. These mayonnaises also showed high score of spreadability and low intense of fishy odor. However they still had quite strong of fishy flavor based on scoring test.
基金Supported by the Special Research Fund for the National Non-profit Institutes (No. 2007M24)the Shanghai Postdoctoral Scientific Program (No. 07R214165)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40776047)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2010CB429005)
文摘Large areas of hypoxic water have recently been reported in the East China Sea. It is hypothesized that hypoxia may be partially responsible for the decline of some fish stocks. We evaluated the effect of hypoxia on large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). The fish were exposed to three concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO; 1.5 mg/L and 2.0 mg/L, and 6.5 mg/L control). We collected blood after 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h exposure. There was a significant increase in red blood count, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin in the group exposed to 1.5 mg/L DO after 6 h or 12 h, and a delayed increase (only elevated after 48 h and 96 h) in these indices in the group exposed to 2.0 mg/L DO. Plasma glucose concentrations increased significantly in both hypoxic groups after 24 h. Furthermore, plasma lactate and lactate dehydrogenase activity increased significantly after the first 6 h exposure in both hypoxic groups. Our results suggest that large yellow croakers could not maintain the aerobic pathway and instead use anaerobic metabolism for survival when DO levels fall below 2.0 mg/L. We conclude that the occurrence of hypoxia (<2 mg/L DO) in the East China Sea could cause metabolic stress for large yellow croakers and may be partially responsible for the population decline of this species.
文摘The hypoxia signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved cellular signaling pathway present in animals ranging from Caenorhabditis elegans to mammals.The pathway is crucial for oxygen homeostasis maintenance.Hypoxia-inducible factors(HIF-1αand HIF-2α)are master regulators in the hypoxia signaling pathway.Oxygen concentrations vary a lot in the aquatic environment.To deal with this,fishes have adapted and developed varying strategies for living in hypoxic conditions.Investigations into the strategies and mechanisms of hypoxia adaptation in fishes will allow us to understand fish speciation and breed hypoxia-tolerant fish species/strains.This review summarizes the process of the hypoxia signaling pathway and its regulation,as well as the mechanism of hypoxia adaptation in fishes.
