美食良药话“鱼杂”

在日常饮食生活中，人们多习惯吃鱼而不吃鱼头、鱼鳞、鱼子等。其实这些“鱼杂碎”的营养价值和保健功能都不亚于鱼肉。如果将鱼鳞、鱼子、鱼鳔巧烹成菜，也是不可多得的美食。

卖鱼之后卖鱼杂

小郑在一个乡镇的集贸市场上摆了个鱼摊，他卖鱼不短斤少两，价格公道，而且还帮顾客刮鱼鳞、破鱼肚，生意一直十分红火。但生意好了，每天的鱼鳞、鱼腮、鱼内脏等鱼杂的处理却成了问题。别的地方不让倒，倒在公厕里又腥又臭，每天还得交1元钱。小郑发现，大鱼鳔是餐桌上的一道美昧，于是小郑将鱼鳔收集起来，洗干净卖给餐馆。剩下的鱼杂怎么办?

来一锅鱼杂

杭州冬天漫长,冷风从11月开始刮,到来年3月,风还料峭。此时最宜来一锅鱼杂,抵御彻骨的寒冷。杭州人买海鲜,鱼要包鳞清肠,鱼杂弃之;蟹要斩块,手起刀落,蟹黄流失。我见了,不免痛心。我买鱼,也让摊主现杀,摊主包刨鳞去肠,动作快如流星赶月。鱼杂我自然不肯丢弃。

日藏《重广草木虫鱼杂咏诗集》钞本考论

宋人家求仁、龙溪编纂的《重广草木虫鱼杂咏诗集》是中国现存最早的咏物诗总集,也是现存最早的宋人所编的唐宋诗合选本。《重广草木虫鱼杂咏诗集》全本在中国已经失传,仅有明刊本十卷残本存世,日本还存有完整的明刊本十八卷钞本,全部为唐诗,故日本钞本具有非常高的文献价值。从《重广草木虫鱼杂咏诗集》可以窥见唐代咏物诗创作的成绩,其编选也与宋人的格物思想以及宋代的"鸟兽草木之学"有关。该书原本分唐宋二编,而所收宋诗多于唐诗,也体现了宋人对本朝诗歌创作实绩的自信。

贵州西杂鲟鱼高产养殖技术

西杂鲟鱼是当前贵州主要的养殖冷水鱼品种,由于其全身软骨无肌尖刺,营养丰富,可进行多种形式的加工,深受消费者喜爱。然而,随着养殖规模和密度的不断增加,鱼发病死亡的情况日趋严重,从而造成严重经济损失。为贵州喀斯特地貌鲟鱼产业发展提供技术支撑,从水源选择、养殖鱼池要求、养殖水环境、鱼苗投放、饲料投喂、日常管理、运输管理方面总结西杂鲟鱼高产养殖技术。

“鱼杂”——也是营养保健精品

吃鱼扔掉“鱼杂”，似乎成了大多数家庭的一个常规，其实，这是一个“误区”。营养学家研究发现，“鱼杂”也是营养丰富、具有保健作用的食物精品。因此，吃鱼时不要再把“鱼杂”丢弃。

鱼杂也好,杂鱼也罢都是茫茫大海的狭路相逢

鱼杂的默契对沿海人民来说,鱼杂就是大海的下水。下水有多好吃?筋头巴脑、满肚肥肠,颤巍巍晃悠悠,_碗浸在红油里的冒节子能下两碗饭,一碗冒着热气的羊杂汤能抵御一切严寒。但下水终归是一道非A即B的选择题,爱肥肠爱脑花的人总归会在油花中找到宿命,不爱的人多半也是白茫茫_片大地真干净,没有中间值。但鱼杂不一样,鱼杂温顺、柔和,没有过分跋扈的气质,不同的菜色有不同的性格,总能和调味找到一种默契。

食疗保健吃“鱼杂”

人们习惯吃鱼而不吃鱼头．鱼鳞、鱼子等，其实这些鱼杂碎是不可多得的鱼宝，其营养价值和保健功能都不亚于鱼肉。因此，人们应该走出这一吃鱼的误区，让“鱼杂”更好地成为您食疗食补的良药。

Comparative Analysis on Growth and Morphology in Yangtze River ♀,Zhujiang River ♂ and Their F_1 Hybrids of Juvenile Grass Carp

[ Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the growth and morphological characteristics of juvenile hybrids of grass carp. [Method] Three inbred generations of YR （Yangtze River stock ♀×Yangtze River stock ♂ ）, ZR （Zhujiang River stock ♀ ×Zhujiang River stock♂ ） and hybrids F1 （ Yangtze River stock ♀ × Zhujiang River stock ♂ ） were established, and their growth or morphological data were also measured. [ Result] The orders of body weight, standard length and absolute growth rate were F1 〉 ZR 〉 YR. No significant difference was found in body weight or standard length of 50 day-old generations （ P〉0. 05）, while there was an extremely significantly difference in those of 170 day-old generations （ P 〈0.01 ）. However, the absolute growth rate of F1 was 20.00% and 50.00% higher than that of ZR and YR respectively, and no significant difference was found between F1 and ZR （ P 〉 0.05）, but significant difference between F1 and YR （ P 〈 0.05）. F1 showed a significant hybrid vigor with rate of 20.09%. There was no significant difference among three inbred generations in standard length/total length （ P 〉 0.05）, while significant difference in head length/total length, body height/standard length and body width/standard length （ P 〈 0.05）, which indicated that F1 had the characteristics of shorter head, higher and wider body. [ Conclusion]F1 has advantages in growth performance and morphological characteristics.

不同平均分子量的α-壳聚糖的抑菌作用

本文就几种不同平均分子量 (MW =1 .5 6× 1 0 4 ,3.3× 1 0 4 ,9.5× 1 0 4 ,7.2× 1 0 5)的α 壳聚糖对水产品中的几种常见菌 (大肠杆菌 ,金黄色葡萄球菌 ,枯草杆菌 ,产气夹膜杆菌 )及鱼体表杂菌的抑制作用做了研究。结果表明 :以上分子量的α 壳聚糖对上述菌的生长都起了抑制作用 ,并且低分子量的α 壳聚糖的抑菌效果优于高分子量的α 壳聚糖 ,即MW =1 .5 6× 1 0 4 的抑菌作用最强 ,MW =7.2× 1 0

Growth Performance of Hybrid Progenies of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Populations from Different Geographical Origins

[Objective] This study aimed to evaluate growth performance of hybrid progenies of 10 grass carp （Ctenopharyngodon idella） populations from different ge- ographical origins （Foshan population, Zhaoqing population, Jingzhou population 1, Jingzhou population 2, Jingzhou population 3, Ezhou population, Yiyang population, Changsha population 1, Changsha population 2 and Jiangsu population）. [Method] Fifteen hybrid combinations were established with these ten grass carp populations and cultured in the same pond. The body mass of hybrid progenies was measured at the age of 4, 7, 8, 10, 12, 15 and 18 months, respectively. Using body mass at the age of 4 months as a concomitant variable, the growth performance of proge- nies from different hybrid combinations was analyzed by covariance analysis. [Re- suit] The average body mass of hybrid progenies of Jingzhou population 2 c2 x Foshan population $ reached the maximum （1 892.90 g） at the age of 18 months, which was 3.51%-32.36% higher than that of other hybrid progenies. Multiple com- parison analysis showed that average body mass of hybrid progenies of Jingzhou population 2 2 x Foshan population ♂ and Jingzhou population 1 ♀× Foshan population ♂ was significantly higher than that of other hybrid progenies （P〈0.05）. [Conclusion] In the production process, Jingzhou population 2 ♀ × Foshan popula- tion 5 and Jingzhou population 1 ♀×Foshan population ♂ can be used to pro- duce high-quality fries, thereby greatly improving economic benefits. This study laid the foundation for establishment of rapid-growing grass carp core populations.

The Self-incompatibility (S) Locus of Antirrhinum Resides in a Pericentromeric Region

The self-incompatibility ( S) loci from the Solanaceae, Rosaceae and Scrophulariaceae encode a class of ribonucleases, known as S RNases, which have been shown to control the pistil expression of self-incompatible reaction. In the former two families, the S loci have been shown to be located near centromere. However, the chromosomal location of the S locus in Antirrhinum, a species of the Scrophulariaceae, is not known. To determine its chromosomal location and genomic organization, an S-2 RNase gene and its corresponding 63 kb BAC clone were separately used for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of mitotic metaphase chromosomes of a self-incompatible Antirrhinum line Of S2S5. The results showed that the S-2 RNase detected a doublet signal near the centromere of the smallest chromosome (2n = 16). Two separate doublet signals of the tested BAC sequence were shown on both sides of the centromeres of all eight pairs of the chromosomes, suggesting that the Antirrhinum S locus is located in a pericentromeric region. Furthermore, a retrotransposon, named RIS1 (retrotransposon in the S locus), which has not been identified yet in. Antirrhinum, was found next to S-2 RNase. Taken together, the centromeric location of the S locus from the three S-RNase-based self-incompatible families provides a further support on a common origin of their evolution as well as suppressed recombination.

Observation on Embryonic Development of Hybrid between Ryukin(♀) and Dragon-eye(♂)

[Objective] This study aimed to observe the embryonic development of the F1 hybrid between Ryukin （♀） and Dragon-eye （♂）. [Method] Embryonic development of the FI hybrid and parents between Ryukin （♀） and Dragon-eye （♂） was observed with XTL-2400 anatomical lens continuously. The organ characteristics and structures at each development stage were observed with OLYMPUS CKX41 microscopes, and photographed and recorded with a digital camera. [Result] At a water temperature of 25℃, the hatching time of the F1 hybrid is 51.3 h, the hatching time of Ryukin embryo is 52.4 h and that of Dragon-eye embryo is 56.3 h. [Conclusion] This study provides certain theoretical and practical basis for improving morphological characteristics of the existing Dragon-eye goldfish.

REDUCED GROWTH IN HYBRID TILAPIA (OREOCHROMIS MOSSAMBICUS×O. NILOTICUS) AT INTERMEDIATE STOCKING DENSITY

Hybrid tilapia were reared at densities of 1, 5 or 10 fish per tank for four weeks. Mortality was 0 at 1 and 10 fish per tank, but was 25% at 5 fish per tank. Specific growth rate was highest at 1 fish per tank, and lowest at 5 fish per tank. The lower growth rate at the intermediate stocking density was associated with reduced feed efficiency, but there was no reduction in feed intake or digestibility. The results suggested increased metabolic cost caused by aggressive behaviour at intermediate stocking density, which can be suppressed by a further increase in density.

Identification of polymorphic allozyme markers for assessing genetic variability in Labeo dyocheilus (McClelland,1839)

The Labeo dyocheilus(family Cyprinidae)in-habits fresh water streams at the fo thill regions and is a commercially important food fish.It is native to Afganistan,Pakistan,India,Nepal,Bhutan,Bangladesh,M yanmnar,Cambodia and Thailand(Froese and Pauly,2003).In India,the species in-habits the Indus,Ganges and Mahanadi river sys-terns.It is identified as a potential cultivable species and has considerable significance for the fishery of these regions.L.dyocheilus has been categorized as a vulnerable fish due to declining commercial catches in India(Mahanta et a1.,1994).At present the fishery is supported through capture from natural sources.To achieve domestication,various aspects of captive breeding and propagation are being studied.

Development of Inter-Family Nuclear Transplant Embryos by Transplanting the Nuclei from the Loach Blastulae into the Non-Enucleated Zebrafish Eggs

The developmental fate of the pronuclei in recombined embryos obtained by transplanting the donor nuclei into the non-enucleated eggs remains controversial in the case of fish. In the present study, the nuclei from the loach blastulae were transplanted into non-enucleated zebrafish eggs, the resulting 9 inter-family nuclear transplant embryos developed to larval stages. Although the development timing of the nuclear transplants resembled that of zebrafish, chromosome examination revealed that most of the recombined embryos were diploids with karyotype characteristic of loach, which was also proved by RAPD analysis. Moreover, 3 out of the 9 larval fish formed barb rudiments specific to loach. It was therefore concluded that the nuclear transplant larval fish were inter-family nucleo-cytoplasmic hybrids; and that only the donor nuclei were involved in the development of the nuclear transplant embryos, while the pronuclei in the non-enucleated eggs were likely automatically eliminated during the development.

Expression and localization of a novel phosducin-like protein from amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri

A full length amphioxus cDNA, encoding a novel phosducin-like protein （Amphi-PhLP）, was identified for the first time from the gut cDNA library of Branchiostoma belcheri. It is comprised of 1 550 bp and an open reading frame （ORF） of 241 amino acids, with a predicted molecular mass of approximately 28 kDa. In situ hybridization histochemistry revealed a tissue-specific expression pattern of Amphi-PhLP with the high levels in the ovary, and at a lower level in the hind grit and testis, hepatic caecum, gill, endostyle, and epipbaryngeal groove, while it was absent in the muscle, neural tube and notochord. In the Chinese Hamster Ovary （CHO） cells transfected with the expression plasmid pEGFP-NI/Amphi-PhLP, the fusion protein was targeted in the cytoplasm of CHO cells, suggesting that Amphi-PhLP is a cytosolic protein. This work may provide a framework for further understanding of the physiological function of Amphi-PhLP in B. belcheri.