浅谈毛泽东的鱼水型干群观

干群关系是否和谐,影响到经济能否发展,政治能否清明,国家能否长治久安。干群关系在不同的时代,不同的地域有着不同的表现形态。重温毛泽东同志所提倡的鱼水型干群关系对于今天全面建设小康社会仍有重要的指导意义。

Optimization method of reef structure design based on hydrodynamic model

Artificial fish reef is a kind of artificial structure in water,which provides a necessary and safe place for aquatic life such as fish to inhabit,grow,and breed,and creates an environment suitable for fish growth,so as to protect and multiply fishery resources.In a large time scale,the physical process of sea area can deeply affect the chemical process and biological process,so the structure characteristics of artificial reef are the key factors affecting the flow field effect around the reef.In this study,through the hydrodynamic experiments of four kinds of reef models,including big windows box reef,big and small windows box reef,"(卐)"shaped reef and double-layer shellfish breeding reef,the influence of single reef structure on the flow field effect is analyzed,and the force conditions of different reefs under the same incoming current velocity are obtained.According to the simulation results,the safety research and calculation of five kinds of reef models are carried out,and the volumes of vortex area and upwelling area behind four kinds of reef are obtained.Using hydrodynamic model to simulate the flow field effect of reef area,optimizing the reef structure design,improving the maximum biological trapping and proliferation effect of reef,can provide theoretical guidance and scientific and technological support for the construction of reef area.

从官民信任之疼到官民信任之兴——从“赵作海案”说开去

"赵作海案"从法理意义上似乎已经划上了句号,然而此案给人的另类解读才刚刚开始。从静态层面解读,在最应承载民众信任的领域出现不应该出现的闪失,直接伤害的是"犯人"对办案者的信任,这一通常看法虽然与以人际信任为话语体系的视野分不开,却也表达出人际信任的研究范畴应向官民信任的研究范畴递升的现实呼唤。从动态层面解读,基于传统官民鱼水关系的历史铺垫和社会主义市场经济体制的实践发展,和谐社会理想的官民关系应是升华了的官民鱼水关系的产物——官民信任关系,这种关系既由市场利益法则所生,又为市场利益法则所困,寻求在这一法则中突围是建设官民信任关系的唯一出路。

Spatial distribution and abundance of small fishes in Xiaosihai Lake,a shallow lake along the Changjiang (Yangtze) River, China

Spatial distribution and abundance of small fishes were studied in autumn 2007 in the Xiaosihai Lake, a shallow lake along the middle reach of the Changjiang （Yangtze） River. Based on the plant cover, the lake was divided into three major habitats： Myriophyllum spicaturn habitat （MS habitat）, Trapa bispinosa habitat （TB habitat）, and non-vegetation habitat （NV habitat）. A modified pop-net was used for quantitative sampling of small fishes in the three habitats, and the Zippin＇s removal method was used for estimating densities of the small fishes. A total of 13 species belonging to 5 families were collected, with 11 species in MS habitat, 7 species in TB habitat, and 5 species in NV habitat. Habitat type had significant effect on the spatial distribution of small fishes. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index in the MS, TB and NV habitats were 1.28, 0.56 and 0.54, respectively. The total density and biomass of small fishes were significantly higher in the MS habitat （13.68 ind/m^2 and 4.44 g/m^2） than in the TB habitat （1.41 ind/m^2 and 0.54 g/m^2） and the NV habitat （1.08 ind/m^2 and 0.40 g/m^2）, and were not significantly different between the TB habitat and the NV habitat. Water depth had no significant effect on spatial distribution of the small fishes. It was suggested that vegetation type played an important role in habitat selectivity of small fishes, and the presence of submersed vegetation should be of significance in the conservation of small fish diversity.

Characteristics from a hydrodynamic model of a trapezoidal artificial reef

Flume experiments and numerical simulation were conducted to characterize the hydrodynamics of a trapezoid artificial reef.Measurements in particle image velocimetry were conducted to observe the formation of upwelling and vortices;and forces for the reef model were measured by load cell.The results of flume experiments agree well with the numerical data.In addition,the flow structure around a reef combining trapezoidal and cubic blocks was simulated numerically under two deployment schemes,showing a more complicated flow structure than that of a stand-alone reef.Relationship between drag coefficient and Reynolds number suggest that the degree of turbulence can be assessed from the value of drag coefficient downstream from the reef.The role of the reef in water flow is to reduce flow velocity and generate turbulence.

Coupling of an Individual-Based Model of Anchovy with Lower Trophic Level and Hydrodynamic Models

Anchovy （Engraulis aponicus）, a small pelagic fish and food of other economic fishes, is a key species in the Yellow Sea ecosystem. Understanding the mechanisms of its recruitment and biomass variation is important for the prediction and management of fishery resources. Coupled with a hydrodynamic model （POM） and a lower trophic level ecosystem model （NEMURO）, an individual-based model of anchovy is developed to study the influence of physical environment on anchovy＇s biomass variation, Seasonal variations of circulation, water temperature and mix-layer depth from POM are used as external forcing for NEMURO and the anchovy model. Biomasses of large zooplankton and predatory zooplankton which anchovy feeds on are output from NEMURO and are controlled by the consumption of anchovy on them. Survival fitness theory related to temperature and food is used to determine the swimming action of anchovy in the model. The simulation results agree well with observations and elucidate the influence of temperature in over-wintering migration and food in feeding migration.

Phenotypic and Genotypic Comparison of Vibrio in Seawater Fish from Batam and Mataram, Indonesia

Grouper and snapper are the potential fishery commodity in Indonesia with a high economic value, as well as an export commodity. A common disease in grouper and snapper aquaculture is vibriosis. Vibriosis is a disease caused by bacteria of the genus Vibrio. The aim of study was to compare between phenotypic and genotypic identification of Vibrio isolated from Batam and Mataram, Indonesia. Bacteria were isolated from anterior kidney and eye of fish, then grown in thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose （TCBS） and incubated in room temperature （25-28 ~C） for 24 h, and identified using morphology and biochemical test. Bacterial isolates were extracted, amplified and sequenced on 16S rRNA region. Phylogenetic tree of bacteria was constructed using neighbor-joining and maximum-parsimony methods. The phenotypic identification was found six isolates of Vibrio from Batam, such as K alginolyticus, V. carchariae, K damselae, V. fluvialis, V. furnissii and K parahaemolyticus. Three isolates were found from Mataram, such as 1I. alginolyticus, V. carchariae and V. fluvialis. Blast analysis showed isolates of V. alginolyticus_btm and V. carchariae_btm homolog to V. parahaemolyticus strain DAHMV3; isolates of V. damselae_btm and K alginolyticus_mtr homolog to V. neocaledonicus strain MS1; isolates of V. parahaemolyticus__btm and V. furnisii_btm homolog with Photobacterium damselae subsp, damselae strain： 04Ya311 and isolate of K fluvialis_mtr homolog to V. azureus strain MMRF532, respectively. All phenotypic identification was not supported by molecular identification on 16S rRNA region. It was suggested that phenotypic identification should be supported by molecular examination, especially in identification of Vibrio species.

Phenotypic and Genotypic Comparison of Pseudomonas stutzeri in Freshwater Fish in Indonesia

Pseudomonas stutzeri caused an outbreak of freshwater fish in Luwuk Banggai （tilapia and catfish）, Bali （tilapia）, Jambi （tilapia and catfish） and Tanjung Pinang （catfish）. The study was purposed to comprehensively identify special phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of P. stutzeri isolated from several areas in Indonesia, including its morphometric and biochemical characteristics and molecular variation. Bacteria were isolated from internal organs （kidney, ulcer and eye） of fish. They were then identified using morphology and biochemical test. DNA isolates were entirely extracted, amplified and reversed on 16S rRNA region, and further then were sequenced. Phylogenetic trees of bacteria were constructed using neighbor-joining and maximum-parsimony methods. The colony were similar, such as rod shape （Jambi, Tanjung Pinang, Bali）, bacil shape （Luwuk Banggai）, transparant in tryptic soy agar （TSA） （Luwuk Banggai）, creamy beige in glutamate starch phenol red （GSP） （Bali）, gram negative, motile, no reaction in the oxidative-fermentative test, positive result in catalase and oxidase test, negative in lysine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase test and positive result in indole test; gelatin was degraded （only Bali）, urea was not degraded, no color change in Methyl-red and Voges-proskaeur （MR-VP） test; acid not produce from glucose, inositol or sucrose. Citrate was utilized by some isolates： positive （Jambi, Tanjung Pinang） and negative （Bali, Luwuk Banggai）. Results showed us that isolates of Jambi, Bali and Tanjung Pinang were monophyletic species with P. stutzeri $8 and ZH-1 comparing to gen bank. However, merely phenotypic analysis among Pseudomonas sp. was confused compared to each other.

Variation in sexual dimorphism and assortative mating do not predict genetic divergence in the sexually dimorphic Goodeid fish Girardinichthys multiradiatus

Sexual dimorphism is often used as a proxy for the intensity of sexual selection in comparative studies of sexual selection and diversification. The Mexican Goodeinae are a group of livebearing freshwater fishes with large variation between species in sexual dimorphism in body shape. Previously we found an association between variation in morphological sexual dimorphism between species and the amount of gene flow within populations in the Goodeinae. Here we have examined if mor- phological differentiation within a single dimorphic species is related to assortative mating or gene flow between populations. In the Amarillo fish Girardinichthys multiradiatus studies have shown that exaggerated male fins are targets of female preferences. We find that populations of the species differ in the level of sexual dimorphism displayed due to faster evolution of differences in male than female morphology. However, this does not predict variation in assortative mating tests in the laboratory; in fact dif- ferences in male morphology are negatively correlated with assortative mating. Microsatellite markers reveal significant genetic differences between populations. However, gene flow is not predicted by either morphological differences or assortative mating. Rather, it demonstrates a pattern of isolation by distance with greater differentiation between watersheds. We discuss the caveats of predicting behavioural and genetic divergence from so-called proxies of sexual selection [Current Zoology 58 （3）： 440-452, 2012].