翘嘴红鲌水花及鱼种饲料的设计与苗种培育

参照国内现有翘嘴红鲌营养需求及饲料原料消化率的研究成果,设计了翘嘴红鲌水花、夏花鱼种配合饲料的主要营养素指标;应用配方软件优化,得出了水花、夏花鱼种的配合饲料配方并用于试产。产品经检测,主要营养素指标为:水花饲料粗蛋白44.3%,粗脂肪8.4%,粗纤维4.6%,总磷1.43%,赖氨酸2.55%,蛋氨酸0.71%,苏氨酸1.67%;夏花饲料粗蛋白40.8%,粗脂肪6.7%,粗纤维6.6%,总磷1.21%,赖氨酸2.42%,蛋氨酸0.62%,苏氨酸1.52%。苗种培育试验证明:用自行研制的水花饲料培育成夏花的成活率平均为83.0%;鱼种饲料培育成冬片鱼种,成活率平均为93.45%,出塘规格平均全长为14.2 cm,体重15.4 g,饵料系数平均为1.21,显著好于从市场购进的水花、鱼种饲料。

Replacement of Fish Meal with Graded Levels of Earthworm Meal in the Diet of Fingerlings： Effect on Feed and Growth Parameters

The study was aimed at evaluating growth response of Heteroclarias fingerlings fed diet in which fish meal was substituted with graded levels of earthworm meal. The replacement levels were 0.00%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% designated as Eo, E25, Es0, E75 and El00, respectively. Fingerlings used for the work were obtained through artificial insemination of brood stock （purchased from local farmers） with ovaprim in the laboratory. The resulting fry were reared and fed with cultured plankton for 2 weeks followed by 100% fish meal for another two weeks. Thereafter sixteen fingerlings weighing 4.73 g and measuring 6.512 mm standard length （on the average） were starved over night and reared in five indoors tanks （0.8 ~ 0.5 ~ 0.5 m） in duplicate for eight weeks. Fingerlings were fed on graded earthworm meals of 40% protein twice daily at 08：00 and 16：00. The highest mean weight （6.77 g）, specific growth rate （0.86） and protein efficiency ratio （0.6） were obtained at 50% replacement level. Also, Food conversion ratio was the highest at 50% substitution level and lowest at 0.00% substitution, indicating that fingerlings use earthworm containing meal more efficiently. Furthermore, cost benefit analysis revealed that the profit index for 50% inclusion of earthworm meal was the highest （1.71） and the highest net profit of N374.32 （circa $2.3） was achieved at this level. Water quality parameters observed were within tolerable values for the fingerlings well being. Consequently, farmers are advised to use 50% earthworm meal in place of fish meal for formulation of Heteroclarias fingerlings diet. This will drastically reduce production cost, increase farmers profit and enhance the biological value of our menu.

Use of the Devil Fish in Animal Feed as an Alternative to Productive Diversification and Mitigation of Environmental Damage in the South and West of M^xico

The devil fish is a resource that can be used in animal feed. This fish is not used in Mexico for human consumption and has been regarded by fishermen as a pest; not having a use for this species has represented an ecological problem disposed on the banks of water bodies. This work allows to observe as a considered plague resource can be used in animal feed through its transformation in silage acid, thus contributing to the establishment of a new activity of the fishermen and providing the necessary protein for the production of pigs, sheep and cattle in the region, constituting both a complementary relationship： Fishermen obtain income by selling the silage to livestock producers and they get a good quality product that allows them to reduce the costs of food.

Muscle Aerobic Capacity and Filleting Yield of Farmed Fish Species in the Mediterranean Sea

In the present work, we compared indices of metabolism and feed conversion efficiency of a semi benthic and two pelagic mari-cultured fish species in the Mediterranean Sea. The metabolism of fish species varies according to habitat and ecophysiological adaptations. For example, with increasing depth, some species may exhibit adaptations to lower temperature and hypoxic conditions with a reduction in mass specific metabolic rate. Meagre （Argyrosomus regius） is a semi-benthic fish found at depths between 30 m and 300 m. Sea bass （Dicentrarhus labrax） and gilthead sea bream （Sparus auratus） are semi-pelagic fish species widely cultivated in the Mediteranean Sea. The aerobic metabolic potential and feed conversion efficiency of meagre were very different from the sea bass and gilthead sea bream. Compared to these two semic-pelagic fish species, meagre exhibited less efficient feed conversion rate, fillet yield. The results provide an estimate of the quantity of fish required to produce 1 kg of fillet weight, an estimation which is required for the operational management of fish processing companies and for estimating the wastes of fish processing factories during filleting.

Growth Profile of Gilthead Bream Reared in Mega Flow Re-circulating Aquaculture System

This study was designed to compare the effect of two exchange rates （ERs; 0.5 m^3 feed/kg and 1.5 m^3 feed/kg） in re-circulating aquaculture systems （RAS） on water quality and fish growth profiles on fish stocks （200 indiv/m^3 of 251.4 g e 20.67 g） of gilthead bream, Sparus aurata. Water quality, fish growth, specific growth rate （SGR） and feed conversion ratio under the two ERs were examined for a period of six months. Inorganic nutrient in RAS, temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH were measured daily. Feeding regime effect was also determined on the fish quality and organoleptic characteristics and thus opts to energy optimization of the system. The fish reared under the 1.5 m^3 feed/kg ER demonstrate enhanced growth, the daily SGR and the conversion ratio. Sensory test analysis revealed differences in the organoleptic characteristics between the two experimental fish stocks with considerably high acceptance scores for fish reared at high ER. Nutrient concentrations： ammonia, nitrate, nitrite and phosphate were lower in RAS of the highest ER when compared to those reared under the 0.5 m3/kg feed. Results suggest an ER of 1.5 m^3 feed/kg improved both fish quality and growth profile of the gilthead bream.