The paper reviews the recent advances in studying grouper nutrition requirement for the development of cost-effective and environmentally friendly artificial diets. It consists of seven parts: protein and amino acid, ...The paper reviews the recent advances in studying grouper nutrition requirement for the development of cost-effective and environmentally friendly artificial diets. It consists of seven parts: protein and amino acid, lipid and essential fatty acid, carbohydrate, vitamin, mineral, alternative protein source, broodstock and larval nutrition. The review provides some basic information for further investigation of nutrient requirements of groupers.展开更多
Selected,little known taxa of northern and central Vietnamese freshwater fish species are reviewed.Nomenclatural acts are taken:Hemibarbus lehoai is placed in synonymy of H.maculatus,Paracobitis hagiangensis in synony...Selected,little known taxa of northern and central Vietnamese freshwater fish species are reviewed.Nomenclatural acts are taken:Hemibarbus lehoai is placed in synonymy of H.maculatus,Paracobitis hagiangensis in synonymy of Schistura caudofurca.A neotype of Micronemacheilus bacmeensis is assigned.The name Channa hanamensis is treated as a nomen nudum.Two labeonine species described from China are nomenclaturally affected:Garra findolabium is transferred to Vinagarra and its specific epithet is treated as a noun in apposition;the specific epithet of Sinigarra napoense is corrected to napoensis.展开更多
Abstract The Labeoninae is a subfamily of the family Cyprinidae, Order Cypriniformes. Oromandibular morphology within the Labeoninae is the greatest among cyprinid fishes. Although several phylogenetic studies about l...Abstract The Labeoninae is a subfamily of the family Cyprinidae, Order Cypriniformes. Oromandibular morphology within the Labeoninae is the greatest among cyprinid fishes. Although several phylogenetic studies about labeonines have been undertaken the results have been inconsistent and a comprehensive phylogeny is needed. Further, an incongruence between morphological and molecular phylogeny requires a systematic exploration of the significance of morphological characters on the basis of the molecular phylogeny. In this study, a total of 292 nucleotide sequences from 73 individuals （representing 24 genera and 73 species） of Labeoninae were analyzed. The results of the phylogenetic analysis indicate that there are four major clades within Labeoninae and three monophyletic lineages within the fourth clade. Results of the character evolution show that all oromandibular morphological characters are homoplastically distributed on the molecular phylogenetic tree and suggests that these characters evolved several times during the history of labeonines. In particular, the labeonine, a specific disc on the lower lip, has been acquired three times and reversed twice. These morphological characters do not have systematic significance but can be useful for taxonomy. The results of biogeography suggest that the Labeoninae originated from Southeast Asia and separately dispersed to Africa, East Asia and South Asia.展开更多
文摘The paper reviews the recent advances in studying grouper nutrition requirement for the development of cost-effective and environmentally friendly artificial diets. It consists of seven parts: protein and amino acid, lipid and essential fatty acid, carbohydrate, vitamin, mineral, alternative protein source, broodstock and larval nutrition. The review provides some basic information for further investigation of nutrient requirements of groupers.
文摘Selected,little known taxa of northern and central Vietnamese freshwater fish species are reviewed.Nomenclatural acts are taken:Hemibarbus lehoai is placed in synonymy of H.maculatus,Paracobitis hagiangensis in synonymy of Schistura caudofurca.A neotype of Micronemacheilus bacmeensis is assigned.The name Channa hanamensis is treated as a nomen nudum.Two labeonine species described from China are nomenclaturally affected:Garra findolabium is transferred to Vinagarra and its specific epithet is treated as a noun in apposition;the specific epithet of Sinigarra napoense is corrected to napoensis.
基金Great thanks to Rick Winterbottom for his hard work on improving this manuscript and Abebe Getahun for graciously providing a part of his dissertation. We thank LN Du, MN He, WS Jiang, JH Lan, R Min, B Yang and J Yang for sample collection. GH Cui provided information on collection localities. L Jia and WY Wang helped with laboratory work. GH Yu and YF Huang provided advice on the study. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30730017, 31201707）, National Basic Research Program of China （2007CB411600, 2008GA001）, Western Light Doctor Programme of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Program （2009CC008）.
文摘Abstract The Labeoninae is a subfamily of the family Cyprinidae, Order Cypriniformes. Oromandibular morphology within the Labeoninae is the greatest among cyprinid fishes. Although several phylogenetic studies about labeonines have been undertaken the results have been inconsistent and a comprehensive phylogeny is needed. Further, an incongruence between morphological and molecular phylogeny requires a systematic exploration of the significance of morphological characters on the basis of the molecular phylogeny. In this study, a total of 292 nucleotide sequences from 73 individuals （representing 24 genera and 73 species） of Labeoninae were analyzed. The results of the phylogenetic analysis indicate that there are four major clades within Labeoninae and three monophyletic lineages within the fourth clade. Results of the character evolution show that all oromandibular morphological characters are homoplastically distributed on the molecular phylogenetic tree and suggests that these characters evolved several times during the history of labeonines. In particular, the labeonine, a specific disc on the lower lip, has been acquired three times and reversed twice. These morphological characters do not have systematic significance but can be useful for taxonomy. The results of biogeography suggest that the Labeoninae originated from Southeast Asia and separately dispersed to Africa, East Asia and South Asia.
