“鱼粮相争”与“稻鱼共生”

稻田养鱼,始于中国。考古学家从出土文物考证中证实,我国陕西的汉中县、勉县,四川的峨嵋县,在距今1700年前的东汉时期,已开始稻田养鱼。浙江青田县记载:"明洪武24年,市有田鱼,红、黑、驳数色,于稻田及圩池养之。"证明江南山区稻田养鱼也有600多年的历史。稻田养鱼,是把水域植物与水生动物进行共养,就科学原理而论,时至今日仍是一个惊人的创举。然而,由于某种局限性,稻田养鱼长期来无法实现稻与鱼的共增高产。我国大部分地区的稻与鱼生产,是各为一方土而彼此分开。近30年来,稻与鱼、畜与鱼。

江口县鱼粮水库施工导流设计

江口县鱼粮水库工程大坝坝址位于高山峡谷之中,其拦河大坝施工导流设计是本工程施工组织设计的重要组成部分,是控制施工程序和施工总进度的重要因素。根据该水库坝址所处地形地质条件、枢纽工程总体布置特点及英溪河水文特性,对大坝施工导流方式、导流时段的选择及导流洞的布置进行了综合分析比较,并对导流程序进行规划设计及总结在山区河流上修建混凝土拱坝导流设计的体会。

鱼粮苗语低平调和低降调的声学感知研究

基于朱晓农等（2012）对鱼粮苗语声调的研究，低平调和低降调在同一种语言声调感知中的作用至今还没有得到解决。本文以基频、开商和速度商为参数，对该方言的声调调值和发声进行了系统的声学分析，认为鱼粮苗语中存在四个平调、两个降调、一个升平调。文中进一步通过感知实验着重分析了低平调（T5）和低降调（T6）在声调感知中的作用，即在基频较低的情形下，基频的模式（平、升、降）对母语者的感知有无差异。实验结果表明，在鱼粮苗语中，发声对二者的感知起主要作用，基频也起着一定的作用。

如何为蝴蝶鱼制作鱼粮

要想蝴蝶鱼健康成长．选用好的鱼粮是非常重要的因素，我们完全可以在自己家里很容易地做出鱼儿所需要的营养均衡的鱼粮。

江口县鱼粮水库工程地质灾害预测评估

文章主要是结合自身的多年工作经历,对江口县鱼粮水库的工程地质灾害进行了预测和评估,提出了一系列的防治措施和方法,仅供同行参考。

黔东苗语动词的体范畴系统

本文以鱼粮村苗话为材料,对黔东苗语的体范畴进行探讨和描写。苗语的体范畴可分为"完成体"、"非完成体"和"混合体"三大范畴。完成体又可以细分为已始体、已行体、持续体、经历体,已行体再分为一般已行体和过去已行体。非完成体包括进行体、将行体、先行体和一般体。混合体有完成体同进行体混合而成的完成进行体和完成体跟将行体混合而成的即行体。

种在其中 乐享自然

我园利用地处农村得天独厚的种植资源,开展了糖果农庄乐种植活动,培养幼儿欣赏种植,学习种植,喜爱种植。既能让老师和孩子获得简单的种植知识和技能,也体验种植的过程和喜悦,同时也激发幼儿对种植探究的兴趣。一、动——乐享种植1.创设环境,走进农庄。

遂川鱼市

遂川县于田镇街市上，人声鼎沸，方头攒动。公路两旁，挤挤挨挨地排列着一担担的钱篓，延绵数百米，恐怕不下百担。鱼篓里，活蹦乱跳地游戏着青、草、鲢、鳙、鲤，乌青、黄嫩、鲜红等各种鱼苗。这样热闹、繁荣，偌大的鱼苗市场，我们还是第一次见到。于田的鱼苗市场历史悠久、闻名遐迩。可到底起于何朝何代，却难有人说出个子丑寅卯来。

省人民政府关于划定松桃县盐井水库等7个集中式饮用水水源保护区的批复

贵州省人民政府黔府函[2013]11号铜仁市人民政府:你市《关于报请审批铜仁市集中式饮用水水源保护区调整和优化技术方案的请示》(铜府呈[2012]50号)收悉。现批复如下:一、原则同意松桃县盐井水库、江口县鱼粮水库、石阡县山坪水库、石阡县岩门口、印江县皂角塘。

Effects of α-tocopheryl acetate supplementation in preslaughter diet on antioxidant enzyme activities and fillet quality of commercial-size Sparus macrocephalus

This study examined the effects of dietary α-tocopheryl acetate supplementation on antioxidant enzyme activities and fillet quality in commercial-size Sparus macrocephalus. Three hundred fish [main initial weight （350±12） g] were divided into three groups （E250, E500 and El000） and reared in 9 cages. The fish were fed for 8 weeks with three diets containing different levels of dietary α-tocopheryl acetate （289, 553, 1069 mg/kg）. Over the experimental period, fish were fed to satiation and reached a final mean weight of （465±28） g without significant body weight difference and proximate composition difference. Fillet α-tocopherol was significantly （P〈0.05） different between groups, reaching levels of 14.2, 22.1, 30.9 pg/mg fillet for groups E250, E500 and El000, respectively. Total serum superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity increased significantly （P〈0.05） in fish fed the diets high in α-tocopheryl acetate, but serum glutathione peroxidase （GPX） activity was unaffected. In storage on ice, fillets of fish fed the diets high in α-tocopheryl acetate exhibited significantly lower （P〈0.05） levels of oxidation. These results suggested that increased dietary α-tocopheryl acetate could increase its flesh deposition, increase the activity of SOD and prevent lipid peroxidation ofSparus macrocephalus fillets in retail storage on ice.

Growth and energy budget of juvenile lenok Brachymystax lenok in relation to ration level

We evaluated the effect of ration level （RL） on the growth and energy budget of lenok Brachymystax lenok. Juvenile lenok （initial mean body weight 3.06±0.13 g） were fed for 21 d at five different ration levels： starvation, 2%, 3%, 4% bwd （body weight per day, based on initial mean values）, and apparent satiation. Feed consumption, apparent digestibility, and growth were directly measured. Specific growth rates in terms of wet weight, dry weight, protein, and energy increased logarithmically with an increase in ration levels. The relationship between specific growth rate in terms of wet weight （SGRw, %/d） and RL （%） was characterized by a decelerating curve： SGRw=- 1.417＋3.1661n（RL＋ 1）. The apparent digestibility coefficients of energy exhibited a decreasing pattern with increasing ration level, and there was a significant difference among different RLs. Body composition was significantly affected by ration size. The relationship between feed efficiency rate in terms of energy （FERe） and RL was： FERe=- 14.167＋23.793RL-3.367（RL）2, and the maximum FERe was observed at a 3.53% ration. The maintenance requirement for energy of juvenile lenok was 105.39 kJ BW （kg）-0.80/d, the utilization efficiency of DE for growth was 0.496. The energy budget equation at satiation was： 100IE=29.03FE＋5.78（ZE＋UE）＋39.56 HE＋25.63 RE, where IE is feed energy, FE is fecal energy, ZE＋UE is excretory energy, HE is heat production, and RE is recovered energy. Our results suggest that the most suitable feeding rate for juvenile lenok aquaculture for wet weight growth is 2.89% bwd, whereas for energy growth, the suggested rate is 3.53% bwd at this growth stage.

Effects of supplemental coated or crystalline methionine in low-fishmeal diet on the growth performance and body composition of juvenile cobia Rachycentron canadum(Linnaeus)

We evaluated the effects of supplemental coated and crystalline methionine （Met） on the growth performance and feed utilization of juvenile cobia （Rachycentron canadum Linnaeus） in a 60-d feeding trial. Fish groups were fed one of six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets： 1） fishmeal control; 2） un- supplemented experimental （low-fish-meal diet deficient in Met）; or 3） one of four Met diets supplemented with crystalline L-Met, cellulose-acetate-phthalate coated L-Met, acrylic-resin coated L-Met, or tripalmitin- polyvinyl alcohol coated L-Met. The test diets were fed to triplicate groups of cobia （initial body weight 5.40-4-0.07 g） twice a day. The weight gain and specific growth rate of the fish fed the RES diet were highest among the Met-supplemented groups and were 23.64% and 7.99%, respectively, higher than those of the fish fed with the un-supplemented experimental diet （P〈0.05）. The protein efficiency ratio of the fish fed the MET diet was significantly higher than that of the fish fed the un-supplemented experimental diet and the fish in the other methionine supplementation groups （P〈0.05）. Our results suggest that supplementation of crystalline Met in low-fish-meal diets promotes the growth performance of juvenile cobia.

Influence of Three Protein Sources on Performance of Grasscutters （Thryonomys swinderianus） Fed Diets with or without Fishmeal

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to assess the effect of soybean meal （SBM）, groundnut meal （GNM） and blood meal （BM） addition in diets with or without （1%） fishmeal on the performance, N-digestibility and cost of production of growing grasscutters. Fifty-four grasscutters （9-week-old） of mixed sexes were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments, using a completely randomized design （CRD） in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, with three grasscutters per treatment and three replicates each. Treatments 1-3 （TI-T3） contained no fishmeal, whilst treatments 4-6 （T4-T6） had 1% fishmeal added. The diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous. N-digestibility was significantly high for SBM diets with or without fishmeal, 83.91% and 82.19%, respectively, followed by BM diets. Average daily gain （ADG） was significantly （P 〈 0.05） high （12.95 g） for BM diet without fishmeal. Feed cost per kg diet was the lowest （US$0.195） for the same BM diet. The results indicated that the inclusion of SBM and BM in the diet of grasscutters with or without 1% fishmeal could improve performance and it may be the most economical for feeding BM in the diet without fishmeal.

Use of High Content Fish Silage Wet Food in Final Growth out of PacQ （Piaractus mesopotamicus, Holmberg 1887）in Northeast Argentina

The effect of two diets containing fish acid silage were studied, the first one offered as dry diet and the second one as a wet diet, in final culture cycle of PactS. Previous experiences showed that diets without fishmeal maintain same growth rate in semi intensive system, compared to diets containing 8% and 20% fish meal. Feeding trials were carried out in CENADAC （27°32′ S, 58030＇ W） in a semi intensive pond culture system for 122 days. Two experimental feed including fish silage, a liquid product obtained of fish residues treated by enzymes action, were formulated. Fish silage was prepared by mincing and blending fish viscera with sufficient formic acid （2.11% v/w） to attain a stable pH of 3.5. Fish were daily fed initially with the dry ration at 1.3% bw/d and at a rate of 0.55 g of protein/100 g of fish with the wet ration. At the end of the experience the average weight observed for dry fed fish was 1,513.5 g and 1,560.3 g for those wet fed. The daily growth was 3.69 g/d for the first group and 3.9 g/d for the second one. The final FCR was 2.72 and 3.01 for each group without significant differences. These results showed that it is possible to grow out paco with wet self made feed without fish meal and with similar growth that those fed dry diet.

Behaviour of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss) under defensible and indefensible patterns of food delivery

The goal of this study was to investigate the behaviour of rainbow trout(n=30),Oncorhynchus mykiss,in small raceways when either self-feeders(T2) or hand-feeding(t2) were used.The method of food delivery in T2 was defensible while that of t2 was indefensible.Fish in both raceways were subjected to restricted feeding(RF) for 25 days.Food was available in the morning(09:00-10:00) in the downstream area and in the afternoon(16:00-17:00) in the upstream area of the raceways.The results showed that the behaviour of rainbow trout was significantly different under interference competition(T2) for food compared with that under scramble competition(t2).RF in T2 fish limited food availability to meal times when feeding rewards were available while t2 fish only responded to the location of food delivery.The aggressive fish in T2 were dominant,and t2 fish at high densities showed intense social interactions under the indefensible pattern of food distribution;these interactions did not dampen to a minimum level to suppress the development of dominance hierarchies.Further,the stocking density did not break down the dominance hierarchies between the T2 fish.This suggests that decreased efficiency in the search for food or inefficient foraging,induced by interference competition at high densities,affected the behaviour of rainbow trout.

Dietary Protein Requirement of Juvenile Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus)

The dietary protein requirement of juvenile turbot(initial average weight, 38.2 g ± 0.1 g) reared indoor in aerated aquaria was determined in this study. Five energy equal experimental diets were formulated with fish meal as protein source, which contained different concentrations of protein(47.2%, 51.0%, 54.6%, 59.3% and 63.6% of dry diet). Three groups of fish with 18 individuals in each, were cultured in 300-L tanks and fed twice a day for 8 weeks. During culture, temperature was controlled between 15.0 and 18.0℃, salinity was controlled between 28.5 and 32.0, acidity was controlled between p H7.8 and p H8.5, and ammonia nitrogen was maintained below 0.03 mg L-1 and dissolved oxygen was maintained about 7 mg L-1. Results showed that the growth of fish was significantly affected by dietary protein content(P < 0.05). Specific growth rate(SGR) of turbot increased when dietary protein content varied between 47.2% and 51.0%(P < 0.05), and then kept stable when dietary protein content was higher than 51.0%. Fish which were fed the diet containing 63.6% protein showed the highest SGR while those fed the diet containing 59.3% protein showed the highest feed efficiency rate. No significant difference of feed intake and protein efficiency ratio was found among experimental diets(P > 0.05). Broken-line regression analysis of SGR showed that the optimal dietary protein requirement of turbot was about 57.0%.

Biological Value of Maggot Meal as a Replacement for Fishmeal in the Diets of African Giant Snail （Achatina spp.） Hatchings

Poverty, inadequate dietary intake, and diseases are the major causes of malnutrition in Nigeria. Averagely, Nigerians consume about 5.5 g of animal protein per day which is low compared to the minimum of 30 g per person per day as recommended by Food and Agricultural Organization. The concept of household food security ensures that adequate food can be obtained, either through home production or purchases. Snail production is one of the means through which these ills could be eliminated. Protein deficiency that is endemic in developing nations can be reduced through the domestication of micro-livestock like snail which is rich in protein and iron. Sixty Achatina achatina hatchlings were used in a 90 days feeding trial. The hatchlings were assigned to four treatments in a Completely Randomized Design with three replicates each. Maggot meal was incorporated at the levels of 0.6, 1.4, and 2 kg per 100 kg of feed in treatments 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Treatment 1 had no maggot meal and served as the control. Results showed that snail weight, shell length and shell width increased with increase in the levels of maggot meal. Hatchlings on T3 and T4 had statistically similar values （P 〉 0.01） which were significantly （P 〈 0.01） higher than values obtained for hatchlings on T1 and T2 .Weight gain and feed conversion values of hatchlings on T3 and T4 were also significantly higher than values observed for hatchlings on T1 and T2. Therefore, maggot meal could effectively replace fishmeal in the diet of African giant snail hatchlings.

流

2002 蔓延了一季的繁花褪去了童稚哀艳痴狂的深渊,惟有暖阳点缀着涟漪般美丽温和的味道。九月香樟错综的枝节掩着惶恐而过的飞鸟,沉甸甸的旅途我们一同踏上。作为初一的新生,我们理所当然地开始了在影尚一中最初的忙碌与彷徨,也享受到了特殊的待遇——被安排在了新建不久的宿舍楼。