氯普鲁卡因在阴部神经阻滞和会阴浸润麻醉中的应用

目的 :评价国产氯普鲁卡因在阴部神经阻滞和会阴浸润麻醉中的临床效应。方法 :足月产妇80人 ,随机分为试验组和对照组 ,每组 4 0例。均行会阴侧切术 ,分别采用氯普鲁卡因注射液和普鲁卡因注射液行阴部神经阻滞麻醉 (10mL)和会阴皮下浸润麻醉 (10mL)。观察麻醉起效时间、痛觉消失和持续时间以及麻醉前 10min、麻醉后 30 ,6 0min的HR ,BP和ECG。并随时记录与药物相关的不良反应。结果 :试验组麻醉起效时间、痛觉消失时间和持续时间分别为 (1.1±s 0 .4 ) ,(2 .3± 0 .8) ,(4 8±16 )min ;对照组为 (1.4± 0 .7) ,(2 .9± 1.4 ) ,(36±13)min ,P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1。 2组HR ,BP与注射局麻药前相比无显著差异 ,2组间比较也无显著差异 ,P >0 .0 5。 2组均未出现局麻药毒性反应和过敏反应。结论 :国产氯普鲁卡因是产科病人局部浸润麻醉的合适选择之一。

可乐定对静脉普鲁卡因复合麻醉之应激反应的影响

观察了可乐定对静脉普鲁卡因复合麻醉之血流动力学反应和应激反应的影响。结果表明，术前口服可乐定５μｇ／ｋｇ的患者，麻醉手术期间血流动力学反应及血浆儿茶酚胺、皮质醇、血糖、血乳酸浓度较对照组平稳，说明将可乐定作为麻醉前用药，是一种能较有效地抑制在普鲁卡因复合麻醉下手术病人之应激反应的方法。

胸骨肋骨重叠抬高（降低）成形术治疗漏斗胸（鸡胸）（附12例报告）

我科1991年2月至1999年12月共收治漏斗胸患儿10例，鸡胸2例，采用胸骨肋骨重叠抬高(降低)成形术治疗，效果良好，现报告如下：

Antiarrhythmic Efficacy of Neferine Assessed by Programmed Electrical Stimulation in a Canine Model of Electropharmacology

An ishemic ventricular tachyarrhythmias canine model was established in open-chest dogs subjected to programmed electrical stimulation (PES)for 5-8 days after acute myocardial infarction. The electrophysiologic effects of neferine (Nef) and procainamide (PA) were observed in this model. With routine methods of PES,ventricular tachycardia (VT)and ventricular fibrillation (VF) could be reproducibly initiated. Both drugs lengthened the QTc interval (P【0.01) and effective refractory period(ERP)of normal and ischemic ventricular myocardia (NERP and IERP) respectively (P【0.01), decreased the dispersion of ERP in ischemic myocardium and the dispersion of ERP in left ventricle (P【0.01), and increased the diastolic excitability threshold of normal and ischemic ventricular myocardia (P【0.01). The two compounds prevented the PES-induced VT or VF (Nef group P【0.01, PA group P【0.05) and ischemia-induced VF (P【0.05). The results indicated that neferine and procainamide may be effective in preventing the onset of reentrant ventricular tachyarrhythmias after myocardial ischemic damage in dogs.

Electrophysiologic-electropharmacologic Method for Evaluating the Effects of Antagonizing Ventricular Tachyarrhythmic Drugs

Objective To establish a canine model of electrophysiologic - electropharmacology as assessed by programmed electrical stimulation (PES),and to observe the electrophysiologic effects of Procainamide(PA) on normal and ischemic myocardium in case of ischemic ventricular tachyarrhythmia in this model. Methods A ishemic ventricular tachyarrhythmias canine model was established in open-chest dogs subjected to programmed electrical stimulation(PES)for 5-8 days after acute myocardial infarction. The electrophysiologic effects of procainamide were observed in this model. With routine methods of PES,ventricular tachycardia(VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) could be reproducibly initiated. Results Procainamide distinctly lengthened the QTc interval (P【0.01) and effective refractory period(ERP) of normal and ischemic ventricular myocardium(NERP and IERP) respectively (P【0.01), decreased the dispersion of ERP in ischemic myocardium and the dispersion of ERP in left ventricle (P【0.01), and increased the diastolic excitability threshold of normal and ischemic ventricular myocardium remarkably (P【0.01). Procainamide effectively prevented the PES-induced VT or VF (P【0.05) and ischemia-induced VF (P【0.05). Conclusion The results indicated that PES-induced VT/VF were highly reproducible and reliable, this canine model is a worthy and reliable one, procainamide may be effective in preventing the onset of VT and VF after myocardial ischemic damage, and deserves further attention as an antifibrillatory agent.

手法治疗膝关节退行性骨关节病的临床研究

目的:探讨手法治疗膝关节退行性骨关节病的临床效果。方法:将60例膝关节退行性骨关节病患者按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,对照组患者采用布鲁卡因、胎盘注射液和野木瓜穴位注射治疗。观察组患者采用手法治疗。手法治疗主要采用松解覆盖及影响膝关节肌肉起点、止点的方法,主要有股四头肌、股直肌、缝匠肌、长収肌、短収肌、大収肌、髂胫束、半腱肌、半膜肌、股二头肌和小腿三头肌等。结果:观察组患者有效率为90%,对照组患者有效率为83.33%。观察组患者有效率明显优于对照组。结论:手法治疗对膝关节退行性骨关节病有很好的治疗效果,对临床症状有明显的缓解作用。

Production of Gel with Menthol, Benzocaine and Procaine HCl for Topical Application in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Antirheurnatic and analgesics drugs are the most commonly prescribed medications for treatment of acute and chronic pain. Frequent application of these agents often causes adverse effects. So, in order to avoid the incidence of side effects, topical analgesics are treatment of choice for localized muscle pain. Topical analgesics offer the potential to provide the same analgesic relief provided by oral analgesics but with minimal adverse systemic effects. The aim of this study is to present the preparation and characterization of topical analgesic gel named ＂Russian water＂. Gel is composed of Menthol, Benzocaine, Procaine HCl as topical analgesic agents indicated for temporary relief of pain. Obtained results showed prolonged analgesic effect compared with liquid ethanol solution composed of the same components.

Reactive Precipitation of Procaine Benzylpenicillin

The reactive precipitation process of procaine benzylpenicillin is reviewed, while such secondary processes as ageing, agglomeration, breakage, and the effects of operation parameters on crystal size are emphasized. In the reactive precipitation the ageing of particles has a little effect on the process, while the greater effect comes from the agglomeration and breakage of particles, furthermore, the mixing has also notable influence on the product size. All of these provide the bases for further study on reactive precipitation.

Seventy Cases of External Humeral Epicondylitis Treated by Local Blocking and Massotherapy

External humeral epicondylitis or tennis elbow, is a commonly encountered disease in orthopaedics and traumatology. The curative effect is not satisfactory as far as its treatment by western and traditional Chinese medicine is concerned, which has a long course of treatment and a high recurrent rate. 70 cases of external humeral epicondylitis were treated by massotherapy after local blocking from August 1995 to October 1997 at this hospital with satisfactory therapeutic effects.Clinical DataOf the 70 cases in this series treated by massotherapy after local blocking, 30 were males and 40 females, ranging in age from 19 to 65 years. 55 cases were 30 to 50 years old, 20 had the left elbow affected and 50 the right elbow. 7 cases had a history of trauma, 50 a history of chronic strain, and 13 the cause unknown. The shortest duration of disease was 15 days and the longest 24 months.Among 50 cases in the control group treated by massotherapy, 20 cases were males and 30 females, ranging in age from 16 to 58 years. 40 cases were 30 to 50 years old. 15 cases were affected on the left elbow and 35 on the right elbow. 6 cases had a history of trauma, 32 a history of chronic strain, and 12 the cause unknown. The shortest duration of diseases was 7 days and the longest 22 months.

Differential Electrolytic Potentiometric, a Detector for FIA Determination of Procainamide in Pharmaceutical Preparations

Differential electrolytic potentiometry （DEP） was coupled with Flow injection analysis （FIA） technique for the determination of Procainamide in pharmaceutical preparations. Platinum electrodes were used as an indicating system to follow the oxidation of Procainamide with cerium（IV）, and permanganate in an acidic medium. The oxidation reactions of Procainamide with Ce（IV） and/or permanganate are fast enough to permit its determination by flow injection in sulfuric acid media. The univariate method was employed to optimize the variables such as the current density, the flow rate, the oxidant concentration and the concentration of sulfuric acid. The proposed method was linear in the range 20-100 μg.mL^-1 , the DL and R2 values were 12 μg.mL^-1 and 0.995 respectively. The procedure was applied successfully to the determination of Procainamide in commercial tablets. The results of this study were favorably compared statistically with those obtained with official methods.

Robust Design Method for Adjustable Mechanisms

Most conventional robust design methods assume design solutions are fixed values. Using these methods, designers set each control factor to a fixed value to maximize the robustness of objective characteristics. However, fluctuations in the objective characteristic often exceed the allowable range in a design problem. Consequently, it is difficult to obtain sufficient robustness using conventional methods. This research defines adjustable control factors whose values can be adjusted within a given range to increase robustness and proposes a method to calculate robustness, including factors to adjust the objective characteristic and derive optimum ranges of the factors. The robustness index, which indicates the feasibility that the objective characteristic values are within the tolerance by the adjustment, is calculated by the Monte Carlo method, while the range of adjustable control factors is optimized using the Vector evaluated particle swarm optimization. Finally, an engineering example is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method.

The effects of local anesthetics on intracellular Ca2+ release from ryanod ine-sensitive Ca2+ stores in gerbil hippocampal neurons

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of procaine and lidocaine on intracellular Ca(2+) release from sarcoplasmic reticulum ryanodine-sensitive Ca(2+) stores. METHODS: The experiment was performed on hippocampal slices from 60-80 g male Mongolian gerbils. Levels of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in the slices were measured by microfluorometry. The slices were perfused with 50 mmol/L KCl containing medium for 30 seconds. Then, the medium was switched to physiological medium. After 5 min of incubation, the slice was perfused with 20 mmol/L caffeine containing physiology medium for 2 min. Following incubation, the slice was superfused with physiological medium until the end of the experiment. The effects of procaine and lidocanin (100 micro mol/L) on caffeine-evoked Ca(2+) release were evaluated by adding them to the medium after high K(+) medium perfusion. RESULTS: Caffeine induced a marked increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration which was then decreased 12% upon the addition of procaine (P

The effects of local anesthetics on intracellular Ca^(2+) release from ryanodine-sensitive Ca^(2+) stores in gerbil hippocampal neurons

To examine the effects of procaine and lidocaine on intracellular Ca 2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum ryanodine sensitive Ca 2+ stores Methods The experiment was performed on hippocampal slices from 60-80 g male Mongolian gerbils Levels of intracellular Ca 2+ concentration in the slices were measured by microfluorometry The slices were perfused with 50 mmol/L KCl containing medium for 30 seconds Then, the medium was switched to physiological medium After 5 min of incubation, the slice was perfused with 20 mmol/L caffeine containing physiology medium for 2 min Following incubation, the slice was superfused with physiological medium until the end of the experiment The effects of procaine and lidocanin (100 μmol/L) on caffeine evoked Ca 2+ release were evaluated by adding them to the medium after high K + medium perfusion Results Caffeine induced a marked increase in intracellular Ca 2+ concentration which was then decreased 12% upon the addition of procaine ( P 【0 05); however, lidocaine, did not induce a similar inhibitory reaction Conclusion Procaine inhibits ryanodine receptor mediated Ca 2+ release from intracellular Ca 2+ stores, while lidocaine may inhibit Ca 2+ release through other mechanisms