秘鲁鳀渔业个别渔船配额制度管理模式

本文是Martin Aranda发表于Fisheries Research杂志2009年总96期308-312页的"Developments on fisheries management in Peru:The new individual vessel quota system for the anchoveta fishery"一文的译文。译文作者阐述了最近二十年间,秘鲁政府为削减渔业捕捞竞争,在远洋渔业管理中实行的基于权利的管理模式(RMB)。这种管理模式是将配额分配给有鳀鱼捕捞许可证的渔船。本文通过分析个别渔船配额制度(IVQs),确认可能对削减渔业捕捞竞争有利的因素。渔船配额的不可转让性可防止权利过度集中,但无法实质性减少捕捞船只。要实现永久性减少过剩产能和捕捞竞争,还需要采取包括渔船退役计划和控制可转让性等措施。

Variation in the distribution of wintering anchovy Engraulis japonicus and its relationship with water temperature in the central and southern Yellow Sea

In the present study,we investigated a shift in the spatial distribution of wintering anchovy(Engraulis japonicus)and its relationship with water temperature,using data collected by bottom trawl surveys and remote sensing in the central and southern Yellow Sea,during 2000–2015.Our results indicate that the latitudinal distribution of wintering anchovy varied between years,but there was no consistent pattern in the direction of change(north or south).Wintering anchovy did not move northward with increasing water temperature.However,the latitudinal distribution of wintering anchovy correlated well with 10°C and 11°C isotherms.The results of both a one-step and a two-step generalized additive model indicated that water temperature was associated with both presence and biomass of wintering anchovy.This paper is the fi rst to systematically examine the relationship between anchovy distribution and water temperature using a variety of techniques.All the fi ndings confi rm the impact of water temperature on wintering anchovy distribution,which has important implications for the continued management of the anchovy resource and the enhancement of marine fi shery resources in the Yellow Sea,especially as the climate changes.However water temperature only partly explains the species distribution of anchovy,and stock characteristics also aff ect fi shery distribution.Therefore,other factors should be considered in future research.