Based on the biological prototype characteristics of shark’s gill jet orifice,the flexible driving characteristics of ionic exchange polymer metal composites(IPMC)artificial muscle materials and the use of sleeve fle...Based on the biological prototype characteristics of shark’s gill jet orifice,the flexible driving characteristics of ionic exchange polymer metal composites(IPMC)artificial muscle materials and the use of sleeve flexible connector,the IPMC linear driving unit simulation model is built and the IPMC material-driving dynamic control structure of bionic gill unit is developed.Meanwhile,through the stress analysis of bionic gill plate and the motion simulation of bionic gill unit,it is verified that various dynamic control and active control of the jet orifice under the condition of different mainstream field velocities will be taken by using IPMC material-driving.Moreover,the large-deflection deformation of bionic gill plate under dynamic pressure and the comparative analysis with that of a rigid gill plate is studied,leading to the achievement of approximate revised modifier from real value to theoretical value of the displacement control of IPMC.展开更多
Fish gill is a multifunctional organ with role in acid-base balance, elimination of nitrogen waste and mainly gas exchange and ion regulation. There is a high energetic coast for ionregulation in freshwater fish maint...Fish gill is a multifunctional organ with role in acid-base balance, elimination of nitrogen waste and mainly gas exchange and ion regulation. There is a high energetic coast for ionregulation in freshwater fish maintained in salt water but a raise in growing taxes was observed for some species. The freshwater Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, is widely used in aquaculture farmers and the aim of this study was to investigate the changes on the gill filaments nltrastructure in fish kept under different salinities. Alevins were obtained and transported to laboratory of studies in animal stress Federal University of Paran~. Established groups in 0%0, 16%0 and 32%0 salt water with 12 animals in each one. After 30 days of exposition, the animals were anesthetized and the second gill arches were dissected and processed for scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The mitochondrial rich cells fractional area and density in the gill epithelia were determinated. The under scanning electron microscopy （SEM） in 0%0 salinity group reveal changes in the apical ridge of mitochondrial rich cells （MRCs）. In all other groups, the observations revealed numerous crypts disposed mainly in the filament epithelia. In transmission electron microscopy （TEM） two distinct types of MRCs were observed. The data of MRCFA and density revealed in 0%0 and 16%0 values significantly elevated in comparison to 32%0. Despite these lower values, the density in the gill epithelia was higher. The main differences found between the groups revealed that fish exposed to 16%o salinity have less MRCs aperture to the environment and are less related to ion regulation process.展开更多
基金Project(51275102)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(HEUCF140713)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘Based on the biological prototype characteristics of shark’s gill jet orifice,the flexible driving characteristics of ionic exchange polymer metal composites(IPMC)artificial muscle materials and the use of sleeve flexible connector,the IPMC linear driving unit simulation model is built and the IPMC material-driving dynamic control structure of bionic gill unit is developed.Meanwhile,through the stress analysis of bionic gill plate and the motion simulation of bionic gill unit,it is verified that various dynamic control and active control of the jet orifice under the condition of different mainstream field velocities will be taken by using IPMC material-driving.Moreover,the large-deflection deformation of bionic gill plate under dynamic pressure and the comparative analysis with that of a rigid gill plate is studied,leading to the achievement of approximate revised modifier from real value to theoretical value of the displacement control of IPMC.
文摘Fish gill is a multifunctional organ with role in acid-base balance, elimination of nitrogen waste and mainly gas exchange and ion regulation. There is a high energetic coast for ionregulation in freshwater fish maintained in salt water but a raise in growing taxes was observed for some species. The freshwater Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, is widely used in aquaculture farmers and the aim of this study was to investigate the changes on the gill filaments nltrastructure in fish kept under different salinities. Alevins were obtained and transported to laboratory of studies in animal stress Federal University of Paran~. Established groups in 0%0, 16%0 and 32%0 salt water with 12 animals in each one. After 30 days of exposition, the animals were anesthetized and the second gill arches were dissected and processed for scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The mitochondrial rich cells fractional area and density in the gill epithelia were determinated. The under scanning electron microscopy （SEM） in 0%0 salinity group reveal changes in the apical ridge of mitochondrial rich cells （MRCs）. In all other groups, the observations revealed numerous crypts disposed mainly in the filament epithelia. In transmission electron microscopy （TEM） two distinct types of MRCs were observed. The data of MRCFA and density revealed in 0%0 and 16%0 values significantly elevated in comparison to 32%0. Despite these lower values, the density in the gill epithelia was higher. The main differences found between the groups revealed that fish exposed to 16%o salinity have less MRCs aperture to the environment and are less related to ion regulation process.
