埃氏小球藻去鸡场废水氮磷效果及总脂积累的研究

[目的]规模化畜禽养殖已造成严重的废水污染,本研究拟建立微藻净化畜禽废水技术体系,以期有效脱氮除磷和同时获得大量高脂含量的微藻生物质。[方法]通过检测一养鸡场废水中氮磷等污染成分,并以其为研究对象,选用埃氏小球藻(Chlorella emersonii)为试材,系统分析该微藻在不同稀释倍数的鸡场废水中的生长表型、脱氮除磷效率及油脂产率。[结果]在鸡场废水原液及2倍稀释液中,埃氏小球藻的生长均受到了显著抑制(P<0.05),除氮率和油脂产率均较低;在高稀释倍数(≥4倍)的废水中,微藻生长迅速,并且氮磷去除率高达80.3%和75.0%;藻细胞油脂含量随废水稀释倍数的增加而增加,最高达34.6%。[结论]在鸡场废水原液和低倍稀释的废水中,埃氏小球藻生长受阻;在稀释4倍以上的废水中,藻细胞生长良好、脱氮除磷效率和油脂产率均较高。利用微藻处理鸡场废水,既可高效去污,又可获得富油的微藻生物质。这为后续建立基于微藻净化畜禽废水联产生物柴油等高值微藻产品的生产工艺奠定了技术基础。

基于Fenton氧化法预处理高氨氮废水培养斜生栅藻

大规模畜禽养殖废水的处理仍是一个亟待解决的问题。基于微藻培养系统不仅能有效净化畜禽养殖废水,而且可以极大地降低微藻生物质制备成本。但畜禽养殖废水中通常富含大量的氨氮,抑制了大多数微藻的生长,已经成为微藻净化畜禽养殖废水工艺规模化应用的限制因素。本研究旨在利用芬顿(Fenton)法预处理鸡场冲圈废水,降低氨氮含量,促进微藻有效生长。以鸡场冲圈废水为研究对象,测定其本底组成。利用Fenton法预处理鸡场冲圈废水降低氨氮浓度,解除高氨氮抑制微藻生长现象,使斜生栅藻可以生长。通过Fenton法预处理,可以有效降低氨氮的浓度,施用蒸馏水1∶1稀释Fenton试剂后栅藻可有效生长。斜生栅藻无法在鸡场冲圈废水原液和Fenton法预处理后的废水中正常生长,但预处理之后经过与水1倍稀释后生长良好。这为后续建立微藻净化畜禽养殖废水联产微藻产品的生产体系奠定了技术基础。

Effect of thatch on water-soluble phosphorus of pasture soil fertilized with broiler litter

The presence of a thatch layer in established pastures could reduce the contact between broiler litter and soil, thus increasing the potential for surface runoff contamination with litter P. We conducted a laboratory study to evaluate the effect of a thatch layer on the dynamics of water-soluble P in undisturbed cores taken from a pasture. Cores with and without a thatch layer received a surface application of broiler litter (5 thm-2) and were incubated at 25 oC for 56 d. The result showed that on the soil surface the contents of water soluble-P (39 kghm-2) of the cores with the thatch layer was higher than that (20 kghm-2) of the cores without the thatch layer. Therefore on well-established pastures fertilized with broiler litter, the presence of a thatch layer might lead to high concentrations of water-soluble P on the soil surface.