论图腾感生与古姓起源

一据考古学资料表明,西周铜器铭文所见的古姓,可以明确考定者不到30个,且几乎都从女旁,如:姬、姜、姞、姒、

Familial aggregation in inflammatory bowel disease:Is it genes or environment?

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) develops in genetically susceptible individuals due to the influence of environmental factors, leading to an abnormal recognition of microbiota antigens by the innate immune system which triggers an exaggerated immune response and subsequent bowel tissue damage. IBD has been more frequently found in families, an observation that could be due to either genetic, environmental or both types of factors present in these families. In addition to expanding our knowledge on IBD pathogenesis, defining the specific contribution to familial IBD of each one of these factors might have also clinical usefulness. We review the available evidence on familial IBD pathogenesis.

克木人的图腾崇拜与氏族外婚制

"图腾"一词是北美印第安人奥基华斯部落的语言,表示氏族的徽号或标志。图腾崇拜是在自然崇拜的基础上发展起来的,它是与母系氏族同时发生的,并且随着氏族的发展而发展。因为母系氏族社会图腾信仰极其盛行,一般又称该时代为图腾时代。图腾又是氏族外婚制的标记,它对禁止血缘婚、实行氏族外婚制起了保证作用。1980年春,我参加了国家民委、云南省民委组织的克木人民族识别调查组,到西双版纳勐腊县。