猪牛羊鸡新疫病中西结合防制

在近几年经济发展过程中,我国的养殖业也在快速发展,养殖业呈现整体的规模化和集约化的发展趋势,但是在具体的养殖过程中,对于养殖疫病的问题也是越来越突出,这种疫病问题,在一定程度上制约了整个养殖业的发展,同时也会给养殖农民,带来一定的经济损失,尤其近几年中,对于猪牛羊鸡疫病的不同种类的爆发,都给我们的经济发展和日常生活带来了一定的损失,因此我们要及时的针对这些疫病发生的气候环境和生长条件等,进行原因分析,及时进行药物制止,可以通过中西医防治的措施,来阻止疫情的蔓延,促进整体养殖业的发展。

Flavonoids from Millettia nitita var. hirsutissima

Aim To Methods The constituents tures were identified investigate the chemical constituents of MiUettia nitita var. hirsutissima. were isolated and purified by chromatographic techniques, and the strucby spectral evidences. Results Four flavonoids were isolated from the plant, including liquiritigenin （ 1 ）, naringenin （2）, maackiain （3）, and 3R-vestitol （4）. Conclusion Compounds 1 and 2 were obtained from the genus Millettia for the first time ; 3 and 4 were obtained from the plant for the first time.

壮语和广西汉语方言“鸡”“牛”义语素的多功能模式及其形成

壮语与广西汉语方言中“鸡”“牛”义语素具有平行的多功能模式。壮语kai?“鸡”和wa:i^2“水牛”由名词语法化为构词成分,分别具有[+体形小]和[+体形大]义。汉语方言“鸡”“牛”的多功能模式来自接触引发的语法化,模式语是壮语。

县域环境污染综合整治中低碳高值农业技术研究——以韶山灌区在建生态循环农业园种养业发展为例

探索县域城乡环境污染综合整治方略,以微观、宏观与动态视角三结合的研究方法,揭示了韶山灌区湘乡湘潭等县市及其周边地区农村水质、土壤与大气污染的严重性;提出了城乡"四维污染"的控制对策——低碳高值农业及其技术创新;且以韶山灌区在建生态循环农业园种养业产前、产中与产后深加工三部分低碳高值化技术创新产业化示范为驱动力,力求推进稻、草、树、药和猪、牛、鸡、鸭、鱼的低碳生态种养业,缓解以往种养业结构失衡、"谷贱伤农"与社会-经济-生态效益"短腿"问题的解决。结果表明,低碳高值农业体系是一个基于生态学的促进物质多层分级利用、节能降耗、清洁生产的多联产技术系统。

A Zooarchaeological Study on the Origins of Animal Domestication in Ancient China

A series of criteria such as morphological metrics, pathology, age structure, sex ratios, relative proportions, archaeological phenomena, diet analysis, and DNA studies are established for identifying the origins of domestic animals in ancient China in a scientific way. Using these criteria, it is established that the earliest domestic dog has been found in southern Hebei Province(ca. 10,000 BP), and the earliest domestic pig in southern Henan Province(ca. 9000 BP). Domestic sheep have been found in the Gansu–Qinghai region dating from 5600–5000 BP, and domestic cattle in eastern Gansu Province(ca. 5000 BP). Domestic horses from the period 4000–3600 BP have been discovered in eastern Gansu, and domestic chickens have been identified from sites in eastern Henan Province dating to ca. 3300 BP. Although the locations and time of the origins of animal domestication vary, they are mostly located in northern China.

Safety and Quality Attributes of Sucuk-Like Product Made with Mechanically Deboned Broiler/Beef

In this study, sucuk-like products （SLP） has a great consumption in Turkey, which are produced with broiler or mixture of beef and broiler meat and after stuffing into artificial casings heat treatment is applied after rapid fermentation. Quality （color, pH, texture） and safety （2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance （TBARS） value and biogenic amine） attributes of SLP made with broiler, mechanically deboned meat （MDM） of broiler chicken, mix of broiler chicken and beef, or mix of MDM of broiler chicken and MDM of beef were investigated, pH values of samples had similar range. Mechanically deboned meat containing samples have higher TBARS values than that of others. Samples made with MDM of broiler chicken have higher histamine, tyramine, putrescine and total biogenic amine concentrations than samples made with broiler chicken. There was no significant difference （P 〉 0.05） between total biogenic amine contents of fermented and non-fermented samples. Also, samples gave similar measured and calculated color values. Hardness, gumminess and chewiness values of samples made with MDM of broiler chicken were significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） than samples made with broiler chicken. It was observed that addition of mechanically deboned meat could result in loss of safety and quality attributes of sucuk-like products.

畜牧养殖与疾病技术分析

在畜牧养殖中,动物疾病的发生会严重阻碍畜牧经济的发展。基于此,分析了几种常见的动物养殖与疾病防治技术,如土猪养殖及疾病防治、奶牛养殖及疾病防治、土鸡养殖及疾病防治等,提出了猪肺炎支原体治疗、红皮病治疗、乳腺炎防治、禽流感防治等措施。

青蛙现象

有人做过一个实验．把青蛙放到一锅热水中，那青蛙遇到剧烈的变化，就会立即跳出来．反应很快。但是把青蛙放到冷水中去，慢慢给水加温。你会发现青蛙刚开始会很舒适地在水里游来游去。

Design Biogas Production from Mixed Napier Pak Chong I/Food Waste at Thermophilic Temperature by Anaerobic Digestion in Cow Dung and Chicken Dung

AD （anaerobic digestion） is a beneficial and efficient technique for the treatment of agricultural wastes, food wastes and wastes water to produce renewable energy. Solid agricultural are potential renewable energy resoures. Biogas production by co-digestion of mixed Napier Pak Chong I and food waste at thermophilic temperature using anaerobic digestion in cow dung and chicken dung as the seed inoculums were investigated. The total reactor volume of the co-digester reactor was 7.94 m^3, which was equipped with pump, and it was operated continuously for the 20 days as a pilot scale at 50 ℃. The Napier Pak Chong I was cut into 2 mm sections, and the initial VS （volatile solids） was 30%. The initial VS of food waste were 70%. Two pilot-scale digesters filled with Napier Pak Chong I and food waste, which both digesters contained 476 kg of Napier Pak Chong I mixed 305 L of food waste, and 1305 L of water. There were carried out to investigate the optimum C/N （carbon to nitrogen） ratio for effective biogas production. The slurry raw materials provided sufficient buffering capacity to maintain appropriate pH values （between 7.0 and 8.0）. Digester I was designed for 1.98 m^3 of cow dung as the seed inoculum while digester II was designed to establish 1.98 m^3 of chicken dung as the seed inoculum. Gas detector performs analysis gas production. The m^3/day in digester I and 1.86 m^3/day from digester II, resulting in added, respectively. Biogas production in digester I was directly experimental results indicate that total biogas production was 2.19 specific methane yields of 1.26 m^3 CH4/kgVS and 1.07 m^3 CH4/kgVS correlated with temperature.

Potassium Concentration by Natural ^40K-^40Ar Y Rays Detection in Four Basic Diet Products （Milk, Eggs, Wheat and Corn）

The purpose of this paper is double： first to measure the natural radioactivity in any food by detecting the omnipresent radiation of ^40K, and then to use this date to obtain the concentration of the important mineral nutrient K, by dividing the specific activity of the sample （Bq/g） by the specific activity of elementary K （31.19 Bq/g）. The method implies the γ rays detection emitted by natural ^40K-^40Ar present in foodstuff, by using a 3 × 3＂ low background NaI （TI） scintillation detector coupled to a PC charged with the Maestro Program. When this detection system is calibrated in order to determine its efficiency for 1461 KeV γrays emitted during ^40K-^40Ar decaying, it is possible to measure easily and with enough precision the specific activity due to natural ^40K present in any foodstuff. Once this figure is divided by the constant value of ^40K specific activity of elementary K, the concentration of this element in the foodstuff sample is established. This paper describes the procedure and shows the results obtained with four basic diet products： milk （powdered, light and cream）, eggs （yellow and white）, wheat （whole and refined flour） and corn （whole and cornstarch flour）. The possible application of this study seems to be to establish the necessary threshold to evaluate the importance of any possible radioactive contamination, as well as to measure the concentration of the mineral nutrient K in foodstuff, by means of an easy, practicable method. Also, it might be useful as an experiment for teaching purposes.

Energy Value and Amino Acid Bioavailability of Faba Bean Seeds in Broilers Diets

The aim of this study was to determine the apparent （AME） and true metabolizable energy （TMEn） as well as the crude protein （CP） and amino acid （AA） total tract （by excreta collection） digestibility （bioavailability） of faba bean seeds （FBS） of the Greek cultivar ＂Polikarpi＂. Forty eight broilers were placed in individual cages and randomly allocated into 4 dietary treatments. Birds consumed 80 g d1 of either a typical commercial diet or the same diet in which 100, 200 or 300 g kg^-1 had been substituted by ground FBS. The experiment lasted 15 d. Apparent and true CP bioavailability of FBS were significantly decreased （P 〈 0.05） only at the inclusion rate of 300 g kg-1. AA bioavailability remained at high levels （-0.80） with the exception of cystine and was similar to CP mean. The mean AME and TMEn values of FBS were estimated equal to 11.1 and 11.4 MJ ME kg^-1, respectively.

Influence of dietary taurine and housing density on oviduct function in laying hens

Experiments were conducted to study the effects of dietary taurine and housing density on oviduct function in laying hens. Green-shell laying hens were randomly assigned to a free range group and two caged groups, one with low-density and the other with high-density housing. Each group was further divided into control（C） and taurine treatment（T） groups. All hens were fed the same basic diet except that the T groups＇ diet was supplemented with 0.1% taurine. The experiment lasted 15 d. Survival rates, laying rates, daily feed consumption, and daily weight gain were recorded. Histological changes, inflammatory mediator levels, and oxidation and anti-oxidation levels were determined. The results show that dietary taurine supplementation and reduced housing density significantly attenuated pathophysiological changes in the oviduct. Nuclear factor-κB（NF-κB） DNA binding activity increased significantly in the high-density housing group compared with the two other housing groups and was reduced by taurine supplementation. Tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） m RNA expression in the high-density and low-density C and T groups increased significantly. In the free range and low-density groups, dietary taurine significantly reduced the expression of TNF-α m RNA. Supplementation with taurine decreased interferon-γ（IFN-γ） m RNA expression significantly in the low-density groups. Interleukin 4（IL-4） m RNA expression was significantly higher in caged hens. IL-10 m RNA expression was higher in the high-density C group than in the free range and low-density C groups. Supplementation with taurine decreased IL-10 m RNA expression significantly in the high-density group and increased superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity in the free range hens. We conclude that taurine has important protective effects against oviduct damage. Reducing housing density also results in less oxidative stress, less inflammatory cell infiltration, and lower levels of inflammatory mediators in the oviduct. Therefore, both dietary taurine and reduced housing density can ameliorate oviduct injury, enhance oviduct health, and promote egg production in laying hens.

Effects of taurine and housing density on renal function in laying hens

This study investigated the putative protective effects of supplemental 2-aminoethane sulfonic acid（taurine） and reduced housing density on renal function in laying hens. We randomly assigned fifteen thousand green-shell laying hens into three groups： a free range group, a low-density caged group, and a high-density caged group. Each group was further divided equally into a control group（C） and a taurine treatment group（T）. After 15 d, we analyzed histological changes in kidney cells, inflammatory mediator levels, oxidation and anti-oxidation levels. Experimental data revealed taurine supplementation, and rearing free range or in low-density housing can lessen morphological renal damage, inflammatory mediator levels, and oxidation levels and increase anti-oxidation levels. Our data demonstrate that taurine supplementation and a reduction in housing density can ameliorate renal impairment, increase productivity, enhance health, and promote welfare in laying hens.