鸡源产β-葡萄糖苷酶混合菌群发酵黄芩茎叶的制备及其对肉鸡消化和免疫功能的影响

为了提高黄芩茎叶资源化利用程度并明确其对肉鸡消化和免疫功能的促进作用,试验采用麸皮压力法结合体外胃肠模拟筛选鸡源高产β-葡萄糖苷酶混合菌群,以纤维素降解率为指标确定黄芩茎叶最佳发酵条件。再将体重相近的14日龄黄羽肉仔鸡90只,随机分为3组,分别为空白对照组、未发酵饲料添加剂组和发酵型饲料添加剂组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只,预试期1周,正试期6周,空白对照组饲喂基础日粮,未发酵饲料添加剂组在基础日粮中添加8%未发酵的黄芩茎叶饲料添加剂,发酵型饲料添加剂组在基础日粮中添加8%发酵型黄芩茎叶饲料添加剂,计算试验肉鸡平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比,采用内源指示剂法测定40~42日龄、62~64日龄肉鸡对干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分的表观消化率,测定64日龄脾脏、胸腺和法氏囊指数和血清中IgM、IgG、IgA含量。结果表明:β-葡萄糖苷酶混合菌最佳培养条件为用4%麸皮含量的培养基、培养48 h。黄芩茎叶最佳发酵条件为25%混合菌接种量、30℃发酵15 d,其野黄芩苷的质量分数为0.56%。与空白对照组相比,添加未发酵黄芩茎叶饲料添加剂组粗蛋白和62~64日龄粗灰分表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05),血清中IgG含量显著提高(P<0.05);添加发酵型黄芩茎叶饲料添加剂组平均日增重显著增加,料重比显著降低,干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分的表观消化率均有显著提高(P<0.05),脾脏、胸腺和法氏囊指数与血清中IgG、IgA和IgM含量均显著提高(P<0.05)。与添加未发酵的饲料添加剂组相比,添加发酵型黄芩茎叶饲料添加剂组肉鸡21~42日龄料重比显著降低2.77%(P<0.05),43~64日龄平均日增重显著增加11.20%(P<0.05),料重比显著降低10.06%(P<0.05);干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分的表观消化率,脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊指数及血清IgG、IgA和IgM含量均显著升高(P<0.05)。说明黄芩茎叶经鸡源产β-葡萄糖苷酶菌群发酵后能够提高黄羽肉鸡表观消化率并增强机体免疫功能。

Effects of Bacteria and Accessories on Chicken Manure Compost

[Objective] In order to study the influence of bacteria and accessories of chicken manure compost.[Method] The experiment was conducted to investigate the changes of temperature,the quantification of Escherichia coli and the odor during chicken manure compost by adding sawdust,rice husk,yeast and lactic acid bacteria respectively.[Result] The results showed that：（1） The yeast group reached the highest fermentation temperature 67.6 ℃,which was 6.9 ℃ higher than that of lactic acid bacteria group,and the fermentation time of yeast group kept over 55 ℃for 16 days,which was 5 days longer than that of lactic acid bacteria group,both of which were better than that of control group（55.9 ℃,5 days）;（2）The highest fermentation temperature of sawdust group was 2.2 ℃ higher than that of rice husk group,and the fermentation time of sawdust group kept over 55 ℃ was 3 days longer than that of rice husk group;（3） The quantification of E.coli reduced from10^5 to 10^2per gram in both of the yeast group and the lactic acid bacteria group.The odor of the yeast group and the lactic acid bacteria group disappeared in the seventh day and the eighth day respectively.[Conclusion] The results showed that the adding of yeast and sawdust was the best condition for chicken manure composting in this experiment.