鸡蛋清卵白蛋白酶解工艺优化及其结构性质

研究鸡蛋清卵白蛋白的酶解工艺及其结构性质,以水解度为指标,确定最佳酶源为碱性蛋白酶,其水解度为26.55%,显著优于其他蛋白酶(P<0.05)。以碱性蛋白酶酶解鸡蛋清卵白蛋白,采用单因素和五元二次正交旋转试验研究酶解工艺;针对酶解前后卵白蛋白的功能特性进行分析,并采用紫外扫描、傅里叶红外变换光谱、差示扫描量热针对卵白蛋白及其酶解产物进行结构表征。结果发现,碱性蛋白酶酶解鸡蛋清卵白蛋白最佳工艺条件为反应温度52.5℃、反应时间5 h、pH 8.25、酶用量5 500 U/g、底物添加量5%,此条件下水解度为27.88%。酶解后产物表面巯基含量降低了3.6 mol/(L·g),溶解度大幅度提高,起泡性降低了18.18%,泡沫稳定性降低了2 0.2 4%,乳化活性指数升高了13.56m^2/g,乳化稳定性提高了1 0.4 6%。同时,酶解后的卵白蛋白肽链发生了裂解,有序的二级结构被破坏,暴露出更多氨基酸残基,α-螺旋略有减少,β-转角相应增加,亲水基团也相应的增加。

Preliminary Study on the Separation of Lysozyme,Ovotransferrin and Ovalbumin from Egg White

[Objective] A study on separation process of lysozyme, ovotransferrin and ovalbumin from egg white. [Method] The proteins were separated by ammonium sul-fates and ion-exchange chromatography. Purity of the proteins was assayed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE）. [Result] The results showed that the proteins were electrophoresis-pure. The specific activity of lysozyme was increased from 144.13 to 2 235 U/mg, and purification factor was 15-fold. Lysozyme recovery rate was estimated to be 15.76%. Bacteriostasis rate of ovotransferrin was 48.84%. [Conclusion] The procedure for separating lysozyme, ovotransferrin and ovalbumin from egg white was simple, fast, low-cost and suitable for industrilization.