面粉“纵横谈”

“面粉”的“面”,原写作“麪”,俗作“麵面”,许慎说“麪,麦屑也,从麥丐声”,指的就是面粉。后写成“面”,用的是同音替代简化法,“面”本是“脸面”之“面”。 古代的“面”,成了现代普通话的“面粉”,这是汉语词汇不断双音化的自然结果。可是,在北方好些地方的口语里,象北京、济南、西安,还可以只说一个“面”字,如“店里进了十袋面”。北方是小麦产区,面粉历来是最主要的细粮,人们在交际中常常要提到,而最常用的词往往在双音化的冲击下也岿然不动,保持单音状态,如“人、水、天、打、红”就是这样,因为说起来简短省事。这在语言学上叫“经济性原则”。在南方的吴、粤、闽、客家、湘、赣等方言中,表示面粉却无不用双音词,如苏州、广州、厦门、梅县的“面粉”,长沙、南昌的“灰面”,无锡的“干面”,温州的“麸面”,潮州的“面灰”等等。因为这些地方都是产稻区。

Influence of Raw Material and Mat-forming on Physical-mechanical Properties of Panels

This paper mainly discussed the heat transmission rate and physical-mechanical properties of particleboard (PB) and middle density fiberboard (MDF) with different forming methods. In this experiment, both poplar and wheat-straw with different ratios and different shape forms were used as furnishes; UF and MDI were added to the poplar furnish and wheat-straw one, respectively. The experiment results showed that the layer-forming boards were superior to the mixture-forming boards. Under the given experimental conditions, the poplar to wheat straw ratio has no obvious influence on the mechanical properties, but has significant influence on the thickness swell (TS) of PB and MDF.