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探析小麦栽培冻害发生的原因与应对措施
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作者 张振典 《中文科技期刊数据库(全文版)自然科学》 2023年第5期142-145,共4页
小麦是非常重要的经济作物,和水稻并列成为粮食最重要的来源,因此人们对小麦种植一直有着很高的关注,小麦的产量问题也一直是人们较为关注的民生问题。小麦的生长过程经常会受到很多自然灾害以及病虫害的影响,其中小麦的冻害就是常见的... 小麦是非常重要的经济作物,和水稻并列成为粮食最重要的来源,因此人们对小麦种植一直有着很高的关注,小麦的产量问题也一直是人们较为关注的民生问题。小麦的生长过程经常会受到很多自然灾害以及病虫害的影响,其中小麦的冻害就是常见的影响小麦产量的主要因素。当小麦发生冻害时,会对小麦的品质和产量产生消极影响。因此,必须针对小麦栽培时发生冻害的情况进行精准的分析,找到小麦冻害发生的原因,并根据原因进行相关措施的解决,为种植户提供更高的种植技术,从而保证种植户的经济效益。 展开更多
关键词 麦栽培 冻害发生 原因 应对措施
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不同稻—麦栽培管理方式对稻季农田温室气体排放的影响 被引量:5
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作者 金国强 徐攀峰 +3 位作者 方文英 阮关海 陈合云 闫川 《浙江农业学报》 CSCD 北大核心 2014年第4期1015-1020,共6页
通过研究水稻品种与种植方式对水稻生长阶段稻田CH4,N2O,CO2排放的影响,探讨适宜浙江的低碳环保型稻—麦栽培模式。结果表明,麦季和稻季栽培方式明显影响水稻生长阶段稻田温室气体排放通量,麦季和稻季均免耕的处理,3种温室气体排放量均... 通过研究水稻品种与种植方式对水稻生长阶段稻田CH4,N2O,CO2排放的影响,探讨适宜浙江的低碳环保型稻—麦栽培模式。结果表明,麦季和稻季栽培方式明显影响水稻生长阶段稻田温室气体排放通量,麦季和稻季均免耕的处理,3种温室气体排放量均最大,显著高于稻麦旋耕的处理。不同类型水稻品种温室气体排放量有差异,杂交品种在分蘖期、拔节孕穗期和灌浆期CH4,N2O,CO2的总排放量和单位籽粒产量的排放量低于常规水稻,差异达显著水平。土壤水势影响稻田温室气体的排放量,减少灌溉有利于稻田CH4,CO2排放量的降低,但过低的灌溉量会导致N2O排放通量的显著增加和籽粒产量的明显下降。因此,通过选用杂交水稻品种,采用旋耕栽培方式,并配合土壤水势为-20~-30 kPa(田面无水层,土壤湿润无裂痕)的灌溉量,可显著减少稻田温室气体的排放。 展开更多
关键词 稻-麦栽培模式 周年高产 温室气体 农田
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甘谷县高海拔地区藜麦栽培技术
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作者 杨云芳 《农村实用技术》 2022年第10期77-78,共2页
基于藜麦在高海拔地区适合种植的特性。如何提高种植效果,能够在产量和种植效益上达到种植要求,需要结合高海拔地区的气候特点和其本身的种植属性进行深入分析。因此,应立足甘谷县的实际情况探讨藜麦种植的基本条件和种植特征,为其提供... 基于藜麦在高海拔地区适合种植的特性。如何提高种植效果,能够在产量和种植效益上达到种植要求,需要结合高海拔地区的气候特点和其本身的种植属性进行深入分析。因此,应立足甘谷县的实际情况探讨藜麦种植的基本条件和种植特征,为其提供方法支持,使藜麦在高海拔地区的种植中能够掌握成熟的种植栽培技术提高种植效果。 展开更多
关键词 甘谷县 高海拔地区 种植栽培
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藜麦播期和密度对土壤理化性质及微生物群落结构的影响
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作者 吴嘉宇 马学军 +3 位作者 刘文瑜 王旺田 袁鹏飞 杨发荣 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》 CSCD 北大核心 2024年第10期46-58,共13页
【目的】分析藜麦播期、密度对土壤养分、酶活性和微生物群落结构的影响,确定甘南地区藜麦的最佳播种期和播种密度,旨在为藜麦栽培制度的调整和藜麦产业的推广提供理论依据和科学参考。【方法】以藜麦品种‘陇藜5号’为材料,采用双因素... 【目的】分析藜麦播期、密度对土壤养分、酶活性和微生物群落结构的影响,确定甘南地区藜麦的最佳播种期和播种密度,旨在为藜麦栽培制度的调整和藜麦产业的推广提供理论依据和科学参考。【方法】以藜麦品种‘陇藜5号’为材料,采用双因素随机区组设计,设播期和播种密度2个因素,其中播期设早播(5月15日播种,E),晚播(6月24日播种,L)2个水平;播种密度设低密度(1.2万株/hm^(2),D1)、中密度(1.6万株/hm^(2),D2)、高密度(2.0万株/hm^(2),D3)3个水平,进行完全组合设计,共6个处理,分别为早播低密度(ED1)、早播中密度(ED2)、早播高密度(ED3)、晚播低密度(LD1)、晚播中密度(LD2)和晚播高密度(LD3),分析不同处理藜麦的产量及其构成因子,测定不同处理藜麦根际土壤pH、养分含量以及土壤酶活性;采用Illumina-HiSeq高通量测序技术,分析不同处理藜麦根际土壤细菌群落结构组成和多样性,最后对不同处理藜麦土壤pH和养分含量、细菌群落相对丰度与酶活性的相关性进行了分析。【结果】播期、密度对藜麦产量及其构成因子有明显影响。各处理间主穗长差异不显著。6个处理中,LD1处理藜麦有效分枝数、千粒质量均最高,ED2和ED3处理总产量均较高。播期、密度对藜麦根际土壤pH无显著影响,但对土壤养分含量以及酶活性有明显影响。在相同密度下,无论是在分枝期还是在灌浆期,晚播藜麦根际土壤全磷、全钾、全氮和有机质含量总体高于早播处理。在相同密度下,分枝期晚播藜麦根际土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶活性总体高于早播处理,而早播处理土壤碱性磷酸酶活性低于晚播处理;灌浆期晚播藜麦根际土壤过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶活性总体低于早播处理,晚播处理土壤蔗糖酶活性则高于早播处理。播期、密度对藜麦根际土壤细菌群落结构有明显影响。在分枝期,ED2处理Shannon指数平均值和Simpson指数平均值最大;在灌浆期,LD2处理Chao1指数最高,ED3处理的Coverage指数最高。相关性分析结果表明,土壤养分含量、酶活性与土壤细菌群落结构有明显相关性,其中土壤脲酶活性与速效磷含量呈极显著正相关,过氧化氢酶活性与速效钾含量呈显著正相关,土壤蔗糖酶与全氮含量呈极显著正相关;过氧化氢酶活性与放线菌门呈极显著正相关,脲酶活性与变形菌门呈显著正相关,蔗糖酶活性与芽单胞菌门呈极显著正相关。【结论】在甘肃省高海拔冷凉地区,播期、密度对藜麦产量及其根际土壤养分含量、酶活性和细菌群落有明显影响,在该地区藜麦播种时间以5月中旬、播种密度以(1.6~2.0)万株/hm^(2)为宜。 展开更多
关键词 麦栽培 播期 密度 土壤养分 土壤微生物群落结构
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水稻套种麦轻型高效栽培技术
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作者 奚来富 《农业开发与装备》 2017年第5期143-143,共1页
近年来,我地种粮大户在农技人员的指导下进行了晚稻套种小麦轻型高效栽培技术,连续三年获得了种粮大户的好评。在水稻生长后期,将麦种处理后直接均匀定量撒播在水稻田内,即与水稻形成一定的与共生期,机械收割水稻时留茬30cm左右,水稻秸... 近年来,我地种粮大户在农技人员的指导下进行了晚稻套种小麦轻型高效栽培技术,连续三年获得了种粮大户的好评。在水稻生长后期,将麦种处理后直接均匀定量撒播在水稻田内,即与水稻形成一定的与共生期,机械收割水稻时留茬30cm左右,水稻秸杆粉碎后全量直接还田。稻田免耕套种小麦的稻麦套作方式,是继水稻抛秧、水育稀植、直播、早直播之后,又一种更为简便的稻套麦轻型栽培新方式。这种方式彻底简化了传统稻麦栽培程序,减少了繁杂的田间劳作,减轻了劳动强度,减缓解了秋收秋种争时、争劳力的矛盾,愈来愈为广大土地承包户所接受。 展开更多
关键词 稻套麦栽培 特点 技术 前景展望
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麦套稻栽培在丹江口市示范表现与技术改进意见 被引量:1
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作者 姜瑞芒 曾凡成 《江苏农业科学》 CSCD 北大核心 2009年第6期114-116,共3页
麦套稻栽培在丹江口示范,产量同比手插秧持平,节本增效显著,病虫危害轻,抗倒能力强,但成熟期推迟,前期已僵苗死苗,秧田难保水,杂草多苗稀。其技术改进意见是:地点严格选择,播期适当推迟,有效管水保水,科学追肥施肥,适期施药化除。
关键词 套稻栽培 示范种植 改进意见
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麦垄套种无籽西瓜栽培技术 被引量:2
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作者 田文灿 《中国西瓜甜瓜》 2005年第2期33-34,共2页
随着人民生活水平的提高,人们对西瓜的品质要求越来越高,无籽西瓜成了市场的宠儿.由于无籽西瓜育苗技术复杂,对环境条件要求严格,许多瓜农望而却步.笔者2001年推广麦垄套种无籽西瓜获得成功,并带动了相邻乡村发展.目前已形成以无籽西瓜... 随着人民生活水平的提高,人们对西瓜的品质要求越来越高,无籽西瓜成了市场的宠儿.由于无籽西瓜育苗技术复杂,对环境条件要求严格,许多瓜农望而却步.笔者2001年推广麦垄套种无籽西瓜获得成功,并带动了相邻乡村发展.目前已形成以无籽西瓜为核心,小麦-无籽西瓜-香菜高效益种植模式近133 hm2,667 m2平均收入4 000元,成为当地调整种植业结构,增加农民收入的一个亮点. 展开更多
关键词 无籽西瓜 垄套种栽培 种植模式 壮苗培育 园艺管理
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“烈火金刚”辣椒麦套或麦茬栽培育苗技术
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作者 黄金华 王蕊 李海 《河南农业》 2005年第5期18-19,共2页
关键词 辣椒 烈火金刚品种 栽培 栽培 育苗技术 播种 苗期管理
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麦套瓠瓜高产高效栽培技术
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作者 张迎新 刘汇 +2 位作者 祝兴爱 苏红英 周洪喜 《中国蔬菜》 北大核心 2003年第3期51-51,共1页
关键词 瓠瓜 栽培 栽培技术 品种选择 育苗 定植 园艺管理
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潘集区稻茬麦高产优质栽培配套技术研究 被引量:1
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作者 杨中保 宋素梅 《安徽农学通报》 2007年第19期173-173,261,共2页
本文主要介绍了稻茬麦高产优质栽培技术。
关键词 潘集区稻茬高产优质栽培配套技术研究
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麦套三樱椒生产中存在的问题及对策
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作者 李艳芳 冯太平 《长江蔬菜》 北大核心 2005年第8期34-35,共2页
关键词 三樱椒 栽培 品种选择 壮苗培育 园艺管理
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麦套花生科学配方施肥技术研究 被引量:1
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作者 张艳凤 张建华 苗子胜 《花生学报》 2003年第B11期460-462,共3页
高效多元配方肥试验结果表明:N13、P10、K8、Ca25是我市花生生产上一个较佳的配方肥配方,花生增施钙具有显著增产效果,配方肥比单一施肥花生主茎降低,侧枝变短,但果枝增多,双饱果数增多,总果数增多;高效菌肥在花生上施肥有明显的增产效... 高效多元配方肥试验结果表明:N13、P10、K8、Ca25是我市花生生产上一个较佳的配方肥配方,花生增施钙具有显著增产效果,配方肥比单一施肥花生主茎降低,侧枝变短,但果枝增多,双饱果数增多,总果数增多;高效菌肥在花生上施肥有明显的增产效果,本试验中巨微生物钾肥效果好于高效复合菌肥,使用方法都以浸种、拌种效果较好,均优于底施,使用高效生物复合菌肥和巨微钾肥对增加花生饱满度、提高果重有显著的作用。 展开更多
关键词 花生 栽培 配方施肥 钙肥 生物复合菌肥 巨微钾肥
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稻麦双免耕板茬油菜高产障碍因子的防除措施
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作者 庄学泉 陆彩明 《农业科技通讯》 1998年第10期14-14,共1页
关键词 油菜 双免耕栽培 高产障碍因子 防除措施
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农林间作系统中作物光合速率与生态生理因素关联分析 被引量:7
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作者 张继祥 刘克长 +1 位作者 任宗兴 魏钦平 《中国农业气象》 CSCD 2002年第4期38-41,共4页
根据田间试验资料 ,应用灰色系统理论 ,分析了枣麦复合栽培系统中不同种植模式及遮荫区、非遮荫区内小麦光合速率与主要生态生理因素的灰色关联系数及关联度 ,明确了影响小麦光合速率的多个生态生理因素之间的主次关系。
关键词 农林间作系统 灰色关联系数 关联度 光合速率 生态生理因素 复合栽培系统
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Efficient Cultivation Mode and Benefit Analysis on Sweet Corn
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作者 王俊花 邵林生 +5 位作者 闫建宾 王瑞钢 庞旭 梁海英 张雪彪 张沛敏 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2015年第9期1912-1915,共4页
[Objective] In order to research differences of economic benefits among 5planting patterns of sweet corn. [Method] Planting benefit of five kinds of planting patterns of Ditian6 were studied. They were one cropping of... [Objective] In order to research differences of economic benefits among 5planting patterns of sweet corn. [Method] Planting benefit of five kinds of planting patterns of Ditian6 were studied. They were one cropping of sweet corn per year,two cropping of sweet corn per year, multiple sowing of wheat and sweet corn, intercropping of sweet corn and vegetables(potatoes, peppers). [Result] Planting benefit of two cropping of sweet corn in a year, multiple sowing of wheat and sweet,intercropping of sweet corn and vegetables(potatoes, peppers) were higher than that of sweet corn monoculture. The benefit of two cropping of sweet corn per year was the highest, which was 93 937.5 yuan/hm^2. The pure income increase was 41 610 yuan if the average investment of 18 480 yuan/hm^2 was eliminated. Compared with wheat monoculture, the benefit of multiple sowing of wheat and sweet increased39 060 yuan/hm^2. The pure income increase was 25 500 yuan if the average investment of 13 560 yuan/hm^2 was eliminated. The planting benefit of intercropping of sweet corn and potato was 71 460 yuan, and that of intercropping of sweet corn and pepper was 63 750 yuan. [Conclusion] There were extremely significant differences among the economic benefits of 5 planting patterns of sweet corn. According to local actual situation, farmers can choose the most suitable pattern to improve the planting efficiency of the sweet corn. 展开更多
关键词 Sweet corn WHEAT VEGETABLE Efficient cultivation Economic benefit
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Characteristics and High-yielding Cultivation Technology of Huaimai No.29
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作者 童敏 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2015年第1期31-34,共4页
[Objective] The aim was to explore application and popularization of Huaimai No.29. [Method] The characteristics, yields, quality, application range and use of Huaimai No.29 were introduced and the cultivation technol... [Objective] The aim was to explore application and popularization of Huaimai No.29. [Method] The characteristics, yields, quality, application range and use of Huaimai No.29 were introduced and the cultivation technology was concluded. [Result] Huaimai No.29 is cultivated with Huaimai No.20 as a female parent and Mianyang No.04254 as a male parent, it is a semi-winter variety, and matures later, with yield of 7.5-9.0 t/hm2. The variety is suitable to be grown in Henan Province, northern areas of Anhui Province and Jiangsu Province, the central Shaanxi plain, and Heze, Shandong Province. The ears are spindle-shaped and seeds grow quite well. The thousand-seed weight is in the range of 40-42 g, and it is suitable to be sown in early or middle October in Huaibei and late October in the area along Huaihe River. The basic seedlings maintain in the range of 1.80-2.70 million per hm2. [Conclusion] Huaimai No.29 is of high yield and high tolerance against coldness. The comprehensive characters performed good. The variety was approved by our country in 2009 and numbered as nation-approved wheat No.2009010. It has been proved that the variety can be planted in Huaibei areas or the areas along Huai River. 展开更多
关键词 Huaimai No.29 CHARACTERISTICS Cultivation technology
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Phosphorus Uptake and Utilisation Efficiencies of Different Wheat Cultivars Based on a Sand-Culture Screening System 被引量:13
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作者 N.K.HOWES S.E.SMITH ZHUYONGGUAN 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2002年第4期329-337,共9页
A sand-based culture system using rock phosphate (P) was developed to simulate the situation in alkalinesoils, with respect to the dominant P form, and five wheat cultivars (Excalibur, Brookton, Krichauff, Westoniaand... A sand-based culture system using rock phosphate (P) was developed to simulate the situation in alkalinesoils, with respect to the dominant P form, and five wheat cultivars (Excalibur, Brookton, Krichauff, Westoniaand Sunco) were tested in this screening system to compare their P uptake and utilisation efficiencies. Resultsshowed that these cultivars differed significantly in their ability to acquire P from the sparingly available form(rock phosphate in this case). The accumulation of P by Brookton was three times that by Krichauff. Pconcentrations in plant tissues did not differ significantly, indicating that all cultivars were similar in Putilisation efficiency. A further experiment showed that the greater ability of a cultivar to take up P fromsparingly available form was related to the ability of a cultivar to acidify the rhizosphere. Seed P content wasa confounding factor in this system, and the use of relatively uniform seed with similar P content, preferablylow, was conducive to a successful outcome of the screening process. 展开更多
关键词 phosphorus efficiency sand-culture UPTAKE wheat genotypes
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Ammonia Volatilization Losses from Urea Applied to Wheat on a Paddy Soil in Taihu Region, China 被引量:25
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作者 FANXiao-Hui SONGYong-Sheng LINDe-Xi YANGLin-Zhang ZHOUJian-Min 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2005年第1期59-65,共7页
Ammonia volatilization losses from urea applied as a basal fertilizer and a top dressing at tillering stage in a wheat field of Taihu Region, China, were measured with a micrometeorological technique. Urea as fertiliz... Ammonia volatilization losses from urea applied as a basal fertilizer and a top dressing at tillering stage in a wheat field of Taihu Region, China, were measured with a micrometeorological technique. Urea as fertilizer was surface broadcast at 81 (low N) and 135 (high N) kg N ha-1 as basal at the 3-leaf stage of the wheat seedling on December 2002, and 54 (low N) and 90 (high N) kg N ha-1 as top dressing on February 2003. Ammonia volatilization losses occurred mainly in the first week after applying N fert… 展开更多
关键词 ammonia volatilization UREA WHEAT
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Phosphorus Uptake from Rhizosphere Soil by Two Wheat Cultivars 被引量:4
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作者 MAJIAN T.S.GAHOONIA 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1998年第4期325-330,共6页
Inorganic soil phosphorus extractable with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3-Pi), soil pH and root hairs length and density in the rhizosphere of two winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Shichun,Sleipner) grown o... Inorganic soil phosphorus extractable with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3-Pi), soil pH and root hairs length and density in the rhizosphere of two winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Shichun,Sleipner) grown on a high pH Chinese silt loam (52.7 mg NaHCO3-Pi kg-1) and a Danish sandy loam (43.4mg NaHCO3-Pi kg-1) were studied to assess how these wheat cultivars differed in phoephorus uptake.The rhizosphere soil pH of two wheat cultivars grown on the two soils were fairly unchanged with increasing distance from the root surface. However the root hairs of Shichun were 2.1 times longer than those of Sleipner. Root surface area (RSA) of Shichun increased by 192% due to root hairs whereas root hairs of Sleipner increased RSA by 68% only. Hence the root system of Shichun was in contact with more soil than that of Sleipner, even though Sleipner had a longer root. Grown at the lower pH and level of NaHCO3-Pi in the Danish soil Shichun absorbed more inorganic phosphorus than Sleipner whereas at the higher pH and level of NaHCO3-Pi in the Chinese soil there was no phosphorus uptake difference between the two wheat cultivars. 展开更多
关键词 inorganic phosphorus PH RHIZOSPHERE root hair wheat cultivar
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Genetic Structure of Tetraploid Italian and Westerwolds Ryegrasses (Lolium spp,) as Revealed by Enzyme and ISSR Polymorphism
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作者 Maria Kxzakowa Agnieszka Sutkowska 《Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B)》 2017年第6期406-414,共9页
The genetic variation of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lain.) and westerwolds ryegrass (L. westerwoldicum Breakw.) was investigated in eight tetraploid cultivars originated from Poland. The 337 individual s... The genetic variation of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lain.) and westerwolds ryegrass (L. westerwoldicum Breakw.) was investigated in eight tetraploid cultivars originated from Poland. The 337 individual seedlings, cultivated in uniform greenhouse conditions, were tested with horizontal gel electrophoresis according to five enzyme systems: diaforase (DIA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutamate oxalacetate transaminase (GOT), peroxidise (PX) and phosphogluco isomerise (PGI), which were used to array allelic diversity at five polymorphic loci. The estimation of genetic diversity in 64 plants of the same cultivars was studied using inter simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) as molecular marker. The genetic variation described by ISSR suggests that the polymorphism detected appears to be poorly informative at the taxonomic level. For statistical analysis, unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) based dendrograms and minimum spanning trees were constructed using Nei's distance and Jaccard' s similarity coefficient. 展开更多
关键词 Lolium spp. tetraploid cultivars genetic structure enzyme electrophoresis inter simple sequence repeats markers.
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