门巴族聚居区文化传播策略研究——以C县M乡麻麻新村为例

麻麻新村是山南地区勒布沟景区的核心地带,凭借独特的自然景观和民族风情吸引各地游客。本文通过对麻麻新村现状进行分析,研究麻麻新村的建成与发展对于门巴族文化传播的意义。

轻比重罗哌卡因CSEA用于高龄患者髋关节置换术

目的:评价轻比重罗哌卡因单侧腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉(CSEA)在高龄髋关节置换术(THR)中的应用效果。方法:选取行THR的高龄患者60例,随机将其分为A、B、C 3组,各20例。A组为0.15%(0.75%罗哌卡因1ml+注射用水4ml),B组0.25%(0.75%罗哌卡因1ml+注射用水2ml),C组0.5%(0.75%罗哌卡因2mL+注射用水1mL)。观察3组麻醉前(T0)、麻醉后15min(T1)、30min(T2)、60min(T3)、术毕(T4)患者的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)变化情况,评价麻醉效果及安全性。结果:T4时段3组MAP比较有统计学差异,且C组T4时段MAP低于A组、B组。感觉阻滞起效时间比较上,A组最长,B组次之,C组最短,平面消退时间A组<B组<C组;运动阻滞起效时间比较上,A组最长,B组次之,C组最短,运动恢复时间上A组<B组<C组。C组低血压、寒战、恶心呕吐的发生率均高于A组与B组。结论:高龄THR患者CSEA适宜腰麻浓度和剂量为0.25%罗哌卡因3mL,其麻醉维持效果最佳且安全系数较高。

创意女孩变“戏精麻麻” 把带娃的日子过成诗

不养儿不知父母恩,不带娃不知当妈难。说起带娃,很多全职妈妈都有一把辛酸泪,脸上写满崩溃、心力交瘁……她们的生活除了眼前的喂奶,还有哄睡与换尿不湿,以至于和社会完全脱节。然而,在北京,有一位叫'卡儿姨'的辣妈,却将崩溃的带娃日子过成了诗。

我的霸霸和麻麻

我在家算一个“老三”，这是好听点的说法：难听点的说法就是我是一个服从者，完全没有话语权，除非我家老大老二出现了分歧，他们才靠我来决定。每当那时，我就觉得自己是个老大。

15例高龄冠心病患者上腹部手术的麻醉处理体会

目的总结硬膜外阻滞联合全麻在高龄冠心病(CHD)患者上腹部手术中应用的体会。方法回顾分析15例高龄CHD患者上腹部手术麻醉处理方案。结果15例患者麻醉过程中平均动脉压、心率和心率与收缩压乘积均较麻醉前不同程度下降,1例患者ST段明显改善,术中所有患者均无不良心血管事件发生。术后镇痛效果满意,无一例发生心绞痛或急性心肌梗死。结论硬膜外阻滞联合全麻用于高龄CHD患者上腹部手术能改善心肌氧供需平衡,且麻醉过程平稳,安全可行,值得推广。

蓖麻蚕蛹蛹虫草人工培养研究

用蛹虫草菌种通过人工接种蓖麻蚕蛹，控制培养环境条件，经过40－60天培养，可长出子实体，最高达8．5厘米，经两年来探索研究，栽培种内已可达到100％出草率。

GC Determination of Active Cannabinoids in Cannabis of Chinese Origin and Survey of Their Contents

A method of GC determination using tetracosane as the internal standard for active cannabinoids cannabidiol.△~9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol of cannabis is described.The method is simple and accurate and has been applied to investigate the contents of active cannabinoids in cannabis of Chinese origin.Information was obtained from provinces and autonomous region of China. Three pure cannabinoids used as the reference substances were extracted and isolated successfully from cannabis.

Percutaneous Microwave Coagulation Therapy for Patients with Primary and Metastatic Hepatic Tumors

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT) for patients with primary and metastatic hepatic tumors.Methods: The enrolled 100 patients with 186 tumor nodules who underwent PMCT included 79 cases of primary or recurrent liver cancers and 21 cases of metastatic liver cancer. The tumors were divided into two groups according to the tumor size in diameter: group A, 0.5 cm?<3 cm; group B, ≥3 cm?<5 cm. Under local and/or epidural anesthesia, a single percutaneous microwave antenna (or two antennas array applicator) was inserted directly into the tumor in the liver for thermo-coagulation with the aid of ultrasound guidance.Results: Among the 186 lesions in 100 patients with primary and metastatic liver cancers, in group A, 123 (66%) were coagulated once. A Follow-up of 6–12 months demonstrated that 112 lesions (91%) showed no local recurrence by CT or MRI; In group B, of the 63 lesions (33.87%) coagulated twice, 31 (49%) showed no local recurrence by CT or MRI during a follow-up of 6 months. There were no serious clinical side effects or complications in all the PMCT patients.Conclusion: PMCT gives satisfactory curative effect on tumors with <3 cm in size. It is partly effective on lesions ≥3 cm?<5 cm in size. It is a minimally invasive and effective therapy, can be used safely in the field of percutaneous hepatis surgery, and carried out even in patients with poor liver function. Key words hepatocellular carcinoma - microwave - coagulation - therapy

Simple Culture Techniques for Germinationpromoting Fungi and Armillariella mellea in Artificial Planting of Gastrodia elata

This study aimed to explore simple culture techniques for symbiotic germination-promoting fungi and Armillariella mellea in artificial planting of Gastrodia elata, i.e., how to use a corner of ordinary house as inoculation room and cultivating site, how to use a pressure cooker for cooking food as sterilization tool, and how to use ordinary household heating as heating measures.

基于五脏生克制化辨证模式解读麻黄升麻汤

麻黄升麻汤载于《伤寒论·厥阴病篇》中,饱受历代医家争议,对该方证的发病机制及临床价值众说纷纭。五脏生克制化辨证模式是基于五运六气而创立的一种新的诊治疾病模式,着重强调五脏之间的生克制化关系,辨其发病机制,利用药物的四气五味、升降浮沉不同偏性及复方中药的气化特性,指导遣方用药。该文通过文献整理、理论分析、思想挖掘,基于五脏生克制化辨证模式重新阐释麻黄升麻汤证发病机制、组方配伍思路及遣方用药特点,撮其机要。随证化裁,有效遣方,使麻黄升麻汤应用于多系统疾病,扩大其临床主治范围,为临床疑难杂症的治疗提供组方用药新思路。并以此为切入点进一步探索并明晰张仲景的立方深意,深化对《伤寒论》理法方药的认识,拓展经方在今后临床中的应用。

Comparison of 1.5% lidocaine and 0.5% ropivacaine epidural anesthesia combined with propofol general anesthesia guided by bispectral index

Objective： To compare the effects of epidural anesthesia with 1.5% lidocaine and 0.5% ropivacaine on propofol requirements, the time to loss of consciousness （LOC）, effect-site propofol concentrations, and the hemodynamic variables during induction of general anesthesia guided by bispectral index （BIS） were studied. Methods： Forty-five patients were divided into three groups to receive epidurally administered saline （Group S）, 1.5% （w/w） lidocaine （Group L）, or 0,5% （w/w） ropivacaine （Group R） Propofol infusion was started to produce blood concentration of 4 lag/ml. Once the BIS value reached 40-50, endotracheal intubation was facilitated by 0.1 mg/kg vecuronium. Measurements included the time to LOC, effect-site propofol concentrations, total propofol dose, mean arterial blood pressure （MABP）, and heart rate （HR） at different study time points. Results： During induction of anesthesia, both Groups L and R were similar for the time to LOC, effect-site propofol concentrations, total propofol dose, MABP, HR, and BIS. The total doses of propofol administered until 1 min post-intubation were significantly less in patients of Groups R and L compared with Group S. MABP and HR were significantly lower following propofol induction compared with baseline values in the three groups, or MABP was significantly increased following intubation as compared with that prior to intubation in Group S but not in Groups R and L while HR was significantly increased following intubation in the three groups. Conclusion： Epidural anesthesia with 1.5% lidocaine and 0.5% ropivacaine has similar effects on the time to LOC, effect-site propofol concentrations, total propofol dose, and the hemodynamic variables during induction of general anesthesia.

Dynamics of vascular volume and hemodilution of lactated Ringer’s solution in patients during induction of general and epidural anesthesia

Objective： To investigate the dynamics of vascular volume and the plasma dilution of lactated Ringer＇s solution in patients during the induction of general and epidural anesthesia. Methods： The hemodilution of i.v. infusion of 1000 ml of lactated Ringer＇s solution over 60 min was studied in patients undergoing general （n=31） and epidural （n= 22） anesthesia. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure and hemoglobin （Hb） concentration were measured every 5 rain during the study. Surgery was not started until the study period had been completed. Results： General anesthesia caused the greater decrease of mean arterial blood pressure （MAP） （mean 15% versus 9%; P〈0.01） and thereby followed by a more pronounced plasma dilution, blood volume expansion （VE） and blood volume expansion efficiency （VEE）. A strong linear correlation between hemodilution and the reduction in MAP （r=-0.50;P〈0.01） was found. At the end of infusion, patients undergoing general anesthesia retained 47% （SD 19%） of the infused fluid in the circulation, while epidural anesthesia retained 29% （SD 13%） （P〈0.001）. Correspondingly, a fewer urine output （mean 89 ml versus 156 ml; P〈0.05） and extravascular expansion （454 ml versus 551 ml; P〈0.05） were found during general anesthesia. Conclusion： We concluded that the induction of general anesthesia caused more hemodilution, volume expansion and volume expansion efficiency than epidural anesthesia, which was triggered only by the lower MAP.

Halothane hepatitis in Iran:A review of 59 cases

AIM:To study halothane hepatitis (HH) in Iran and its associated risk factors. METHODS: We retrospectively studied files of all cases diagnosed with HH referred to three referral hospitals and four private centers in Iran from April 1994 to September 2006. Information on age at surgery, gender, medications history, obesity, history of previous exposure, previous reaction to halothane, familial history, type of surgery, perioperative hypoxia or sepsis, morbidity and mortality were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 59 cases were identifi ed. Forty- eight (81%) were women. The median age at the time of surgery was 44 years (range, 18 to 80 years). Sixty percent of patients were above 40-year-old. Obesity was observed in 22.2%. Previous history of exposures to halothane was noted in 61% of which 50% had history of post-exposure reaction. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), cholecystectomy, and cosmetic surgeries (mainly weight reduction) were the most frequent surgeries. The mortality rate was 12.2%. In patients developing encephalopathy, it was as high as 50%. CONCLUSION: HH remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in centers still using this anesthetic. However, a large percentage of these casescould have been avoided. To lessen occurrence of further cases of HH, the authors suggest that in female patients having a history of surgery (or delivery) with general anesthesia, the use of halothane should be absolutely avoided. Utilization of proper substitutes in adults’ anesthesia is advocated.

Response of Cultural Lake Eutrophication to Hemp-retting in Quidenham Mere of England in Post-Medieval

To study the influence of human activity on natural lake, chironomid fauna change in the 700-560cm lake sediment in Quidenham Mere of England associated with chironomid inferred TP presented that the lake experienced a whole eutrophication process due to human hemp-retting in Post-Medieval based on the history record and pollen analysis, which was confirmed by mollusc and ostracod analysis. However, the response of chironomid and mollusc to retting was the strongest with ostracod a little behind. It proved that cultural eutrophication existed in history and could be recovered by itself despite of some long-term unachievahle destroy. And it was most important for external nutrient to be cut off during lake restoration even in ancient times.

SURVEY ON CLINICAL STUDY OF COMPOUND ACUPUNCTURE ANESTHESIA IN RECENT 10 YEARS IN CHINA

In the present paper, the authors make a review on the progresses of acupuncture anesthesia (AA) from ① historical development, ② research on acupuncture combined with local anesthesia; ③ research on acupuncture combined with epidural anesthesia; and ④ research on acupuncture combined with general anesthesia. Compound acupuncture anesthesia provides a new anesthetic measure for surgical operations and has a definite analgesic effect and many advantages, and should be investigated further.

Effects of Production and Ingredients on Tahini Halvah Quality

Tahini halvah is specific confectionery product known in Bosnia and Herzegovina over centuries. It is made of sesame-seed paste （tahini）, sugar and soapwort （Saponaria officinalis） extract by certain technological process, with creating needle-like particles which give a specific fiber structure to halvah. Production of tahini halvah in Bosnia and Herzegovina mostly was placed under artisanal conditions by poorly trained staff and was based on experiences and established practice. There is a very few scientific papers deal with ways of production and specific properties of this product in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Main objective of this paper was focused on studying technological process of 4 different samples of tahini halvah （standard tahini halvah, tahini halvah with pistachios, tahini halvah with cacao and black halvah with wheat grits, cacao and nuts）. All samples were produced under industrial conditions. Chemical and sensory quality parameters of investigated samples were presented in this paper. Significant differences between samples were found and influenced by different ingredients and technological process.

The Manufacture of Structured Flax/Hemp Fiber Thermoplastic Composites and Its Flexural Properties

Flax and hemp fibers were used as reinforcing materials to commingle with polypropylene(PP)fiber to realize the mixture of two materials at the stage of yarn.Meanwhile,PP filaments were introduced to produce a core-spun yarn with flax/PP as core and PP filament as outer sheath.The commingled yarns were woven into 2D fabric which was used as the prefabricated material.The composite laminates were prepared by hot press technology.The effects of manufacture technology,yarn structure,and fiber weight fraction on flexural properties of composites were investigated.

CLINICAL SUMMARY ON ACUPUNCTURE COMBINED WITH ENFLURANE-INHALATION ANESTHESIA FOR RESECTION OF ESOPHAGEAL CARCINOMA

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of acupuncture combined with general anesthesia by inhaling enflurane for esophageal carcinoma resection. Methods: 120 cases of esophageal carcinoma patients were randomly divided into acupuncture+inhalation of enflurane (A+IE, n=40), electrical stimulation (ES)+IE (n=41) and IE (control, n=39) groups. In all the 3 groups, vecuronium, fentanyl, propofol (same dose) were given intravenously to induce anesthesia before operation, and during operation, fentanyl (2 ug/kg/hr) and vecuronium (0.03 mg/kg/0.5hr) and appropriate concentration of enflurane were given to the patients for maintaining anesthesia and muscular relaxation. In group A, Xiayifeng (below TE 17), Sanyangluo (TE 8) to Ximen (PC 4) were punctured and stimulated electrically, and in group B, these acupoints were stimulated electrically via cutaneous plate electrodes. Results: The anesthetic effect grade I rates of A+IE, ES+IE and IE groups were 67.50%, 68.29% and 28.21% respectively. There was a significant difference between A+IE or ES+IE and IE groups (P<0.001). In the process of anesthesia, the mean concentrations of the inhaled enflurane in A +IE, ES+IE and IE groups were 0.55% and 0.50% and 0.83% separately. The average concentrations of A+IE and ES+IE groups were lower 33.73% and 39.76% than that of group IE (P<0.005). Conclusion: Acupuncture combined with enflurane inhalation can enhance anesthetic effect, reduce the dose of the inhaled enflurane.

Trans-10,cis-12, not cis-9,trans-11, conjugated linoleic acid decreases ErbB3 expression in HT-29 human colon cancer cells

AIM： To examine whether trans-10,cis-12 CLA （t10C12） or cis-9,trans-11 CLA （c9t11） inhibits heregulin （HRG）-β- stimulated cell growth and HRG-β-ErbB3 signaling in HT-29 cells. METHODS： We cultured HT-29 cells in the absence or presence of the CLA isomers and/or the ErbB3 ligand HRG-β. MTT assay, [^3H]thymidine incorporation, Annexin V staining, RT-PCR, Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, and in vitro kinase assay were performed. RESULTS： HRG-β increased cell growth, but did not prevent DNA t10c12-induced growth inhibition. T10C12 inhibited DNA synthesis and induced apoptosis of HT-29 cells, whereas c9t11 had no effect. T10c12 decreased the levels of ErbB1, ErbB2, and ErbB3 proteins and transcripts in a dose-dependent manner, whereas c9t11 had no effect. Immunoprecipitation/ Western blot studies revealed that t10c12 inhibited HRG- β-stimulated phosphorylation of ErbB3, recruitment of the p85 subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K） to ErbB3, ErbB3-associated PI3K activities, and phosphorylation of Akt. However, c9t11 had no effect on phospho Aid： levels. Neither t10c12 nor c9t11 had any effect on HRG-β-induced phosphorylation of ERK-1/2. CONCLUSION： These results indicate that the inhibition of HT-29 cell growth by t10c12 may be induced via its modulation of ErbB3 signaling leading to inhibition of Akt activation.