黄土含量对太原砂动剪切模量和阻尼比的影响

太原地铁2号线沿线黄土与太原砂混合料广泛分布,迫切需要该粉质砂土的动剪切模量G与阻尼比?进行场地地震反应分析。利用英国GDS公司研制的共振柱对不同黄土含量LC的重塑粉质砂土样进行了测试。试验结果表明:随着LC的增大,混合料受力骨架由砂粒向土粒转变,这是导致不同LC混合料性质差异的主要原因。混合料G随LC的增大呈现先减小后增大的趋势,?则相反,且存在明显阈值黄土含量LCth,饱和状态与干状态下试样的LCth不同。干状态下,混合料与太原砂的G和?的大小关系与LC有关。饱和状态下,由于黄土塑性,混合料的G小于太原砂,其?大于太原砂。

黄土含量对太原砂液化特性影响的试验研究

以太原地铁项目现场原状土为基础,通过一系列不排水循环三轴试验,对太原砂-黄土重塑混合料的液化特性进行了试验研究.结果表明:黄土含量(Lc)对太原砂液化特性影响显著;在循环荷载作用下,太原砂-黄土混合料试样与太原砂试样液化破坏过程不同;混合料的液化强度(CRR)随着Lc的增加呈现非线性变化的规律;有效围压、动荷载频率、相对密度等因素均会对混合料CRR产生影响.最后根据试验数据提出了不同细粒含量混合料CRR评价模型.该模型适用性较好,可为工程实践提供参考.

Effects of Fertilization on Moisture Content of Soils in the Loess Hilly-gully Region

[Objective] The aim of this study was to study the influence of plants on the soil moisture content under different fertilization.[Method] Using sainfoin,sweet clover,Astragalus adsurgens,alfalfa,ryegrass,little flower,white clover as experimental material,this study explored the effects of soil moisture on the improvement of soil quality.[Result] Results showed that the soil moisture content of different plants follows as：sainfoin 〉sweet clover 〉Astragalus adsurgens 〉alfalfa perennial ryegrass 〉small crown 〉white clover,and the average moisture content reached 24.13% which was 2.45% higher than that of control group.At planting white clover,sweet clover,under the condition of 7 kinds of crops,in the treatments without fertilizer and with organic fertilizer,soil moisture content of soil in 0-20 cm grew significantly.[Conclusion] The application of organic fertilizer and growing of plants would improve soil moisture in abandoned fields,enhance the ability of soil water supply,and improve soil fertility.

Difference in Organic Carbon Contents and Distributions in Particle-size Fractions between Soil and Sediment on the Southern Loess Plateau, China

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of long-term cultivation and water erosion on the soil organic carbon （OC） in particle-size fractions. The study site is located at Nihegou Watershed in the Southern Loess Plateau, China. The soil at this site is loess with loose and silty structure, and contains macropores. The results showed that the OC concentrations in sediments and in the particle-size fractions of sediments were higher than those in soils and in the particle-size fractions of soils. The OC concentration was highest in the clay particles and was lowest in the sand particles. Clay particles possessed higher OC enrichment ability than silt and sand particles. The proportions of OC in the silt fractions of soil and sediment were the highest （mean value of 53.87% and 58.48%, respectively）, and the total proportion of OC in the clay and silt fractions accounted for 96% and 98% of the total OC in the soil and sediment, respectively. The loss of OC was highest in silt particles, with an average value of 0.16 Mg ha^-1 y^-1, and was lowest in the sand （0.003 Mg ha^-1 y^-l）. This result suggests that the fine particle-size fraction in the removed sediment may be an important indicator to assess soil OC losses.

Sulphur Status in Some Surface Horizons and Typical Profiles of Soils Derived from Xiashu Loess in China

Studies were conducted to examine factors which might influence the status and distribution of S insome surface horizons and typical profiles of soils derived from Xiashu loess on the upper.slope (US), middleslope (MS) and lower slope (LS) of Nanjing-Zhenjiang-Yangzhou hilly zone. The total S contents varied from70.30 to 350.21 mg/kg, and the average for all surface soils was 218.3 mg/kg. The average S contents inthe profiles followed the sequence: US<MS<LS. The total S was closely correlated with organic S, inorganicS, organic matter, total N, amorphous iron oxide (Fe_o) and the ratio of amorphous iron oxide to free ironoxide (Fe_o/Fe_a), but no significant relationship was found between total S and the ratio of free iron oxideto total iron (Fe_d/Fe_t). Inorganic sulphate in paddy soils (MS and LS) was nearly higher in surface soilthan in subsurface soil and subsoil, it, however, remained relatively unchanged with increasing depth for theoriginal soil profile (US). The average organic S accounted for 94% of the total S in the surface soils, butthe percentage decreased with depth in the profiles. Like the total S, the organic and inorganic S contentswere highly significantly correlated with organic matter, total N, Fe. and Fe_o/Fe_d ratio, but they wereinsignificantly related to Fe_d/Fe_t ratio. The C/S and N/S ratios in this study were somewhat lower thanthe results reported by others. The C/N/S ratios varied considerably within the same profile and amongdifferent soils but they fell within the range of values reported worldwide.

Variability of Carbonate Pedofeatures in a Loess-Paleosol Sequence and their Use for Paleoreconstructions

Carbonate pedofeatures were studied in details in a loess-paleosol pedocomplex near Kursk, in the central part of the European Plain. The soils studied included a modern Chernozem and five Pleistocene paleosols. Carbonate morphologies and distributions were described in the field. Various morphologies were sampled for further studies including micromorphology in thin sections and submicroscopic studies under a scanning electron microscope. The complex approach of investigation at macro-, micro-, and submicroscopic levels found that most of carbonate pedofeatures are secondary and multiphase. Many of them are related to cryogenic features. The general trend was of decreasing carbonate content in the older paleosols except for increased content in the 1St and 3rd paleosols. Most of carbonate morphologies are similar in the modern soil and paleosols, but pseudomycelium was found only in the modern Chernozem, while soft masses and impregnations are associated with the paleosols. Detailed study on carbonate attributes revealed their specific features in the modern soil and in paleosols. Veins have dissolution features under the modern environment and seem to reprecipitate in form of pseudomycelium. Coatings in paleosols at a depth of the Ist paleosol include specific fine tubes. Powdery soft masses and impregnations in the paleosols are strongly related to cryogenic fissures and paleopermafrost level. Under SEM they consist of tiny crystals, much smaller than in regular soft masses. Several types of hard concretions were identified：rounded, irregular and platy. Small concretions in the modern Chernozem have similar morphology and similar 14C-age as the rounded concretions of the upper paleosols. They are expected to represent the same generation of concretions. Platy concretions fill the bottom part of the large fissures. The 14C-age of hard concretions varies from 3310±80 yrs. B.P in the Ist paleosol up to 20 400 yrs. B.P. in the 3^rd. As a result we found the reflection of several wet-dry and cold-warm stages in carbonate morphologies and distributions. High variability of carbonates at macro-, micro- and submicroscopic levels indicates several generations and multiphase formation of carbonate pedofeatures in the loess-paleosol pedocomplex. Carbonate pedofeatures in the examined pedocomplex are more informative for the study of late Pleistocene and Holocene climatic cycles rather than characterization of a single paleosol.

Black Locust Transpiration Responses to Soil Water Availability as Affected by Meteorological Factors and Soil Texture

On the Loess Plateau of China, a dry soil layer may form due to excess transpiration, leading to degradation of black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia) stands. In order to better manage projects involving black locust, this study was intended to investigate the response of black locust transpiration rate to soil water availability as affected by meteorological factors using two representative soils(loamy clay and sandy loam) on the Loess Plateau. Four soil water contents were maintained for black locust seedlings grown in pots initially outdoors and then in a climate-controlled chamber, by either drying or irrigating the pots. In both environments, daily transpiration rates were related by a power function to air temperature and by a logistic function to reference evapotranspiration(ET0). Transpiration rates were more susceptible to changes in the meteorological conditions in the sandy loam than in the loamy clay soil. The transpiration rate in the well-watered treatment was greater for black locust grown in the sandy loam than in the loamy clay soil. Normalized transpiration rates were unaffected by ET0 until a critical value of soil water content(θc) was attained; the θc value decreased significantly for the loamy clay soil but increased significantly for the sandy loam soil when ET0 increased. These suggested that the effect of the meteorological condition on the transpiration characteristics of black locust was dependent on soil texture.