Aflatoxins produced primarily by two closely related fungi, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, are mutagenic and carcinogenic in animals and humans. Of many approaches investigated to manage aflatoxin con...Aflatoxins produced primarily by two closely related fungi, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, are mutagenic and carcinogenic in animals and humans. Of many approaches investigated to manage aflatoxin contamination, bio-logical control method has shown great promise. Numerous organisms, including bacteria, yeasts and nontoxigenic fungal strains of A. flavus and A. parasiticus, have been tested for their ability in controlling aflatoxin contamination. Great successes in reducing aflatoxin contamination have been achieved by application of nontoxigenic strains of A. flavus and A. parasiticus in fields of cotton, peanut, maize and pistachio. The nontoxigenic strains applied to soil occupy the same niches as the natural occurring toxigenic strains. They, therefore, are capable of competing and displacing toxigenic strains. In this paper, we review recent development in biological control of aflatoxin contamination.展开更多
The presence of deoxynivalenol （DON）, total aflatoxins, ochratoxin （OTA） and zearalenone （ZEA） was investigated in malting barley samples harvested in Romania using an ELISA method （VERATOX, Neogen）. In 7 out ...The presence of deoxynivalenol （DON）, total aflatoxins, ochratoxin （OTA） and zearalenone （ZEA） was investigated in malting barley samples harvested in Romania using an ELISA method （VERATOX, Neogen）. In 7 out of 14 barley samples the aflatoxins were not found at detectable levels （50%）. In 9 out of 14 barley samples the OTA was not found at detectable levels （64.29%）. In 1 out of 14 barley samples the DON was not found at detectable levels （7.14%）. In 13 out of 14 barley samples （92.86%） the ZEA was above the acceptable limit （100μg/kg）. For all barley samples the aflatoxins, DON and OTA were in line with European Union regulations in force （4.0 μg/kg for aflatoxins, 1,250.0μg/kg for DON, 5.0 μg/kg for OTA, respectively）.展开更多
This study shows that the main cause of Fusarium head blight of spelt was F. poae. In 2007 deoxynivalenol was found up to 0.27 mg/kg in 2 of 18 samples of winter spelt kernels from organic farms. Also in 3 samples T-2...This study shows that the main cause of Fusarium head blight of spelt was F. poae. In 2007 deoxynivalenol was found up to 0.27 mg/kg in 2 of 18 samples of winter spelt kernels from organic farms. Also in 3 samples T-2 toxin was found in amount below 0.075 mg/kg. Aflatoxins and ochratoxin A were not found in kernels. Among nine of the examined samples of winter spelt in 2008, DON was identified in all samples （up to 0.31 mg/kg）, while T-2 toxin, aflatoxins and OTA were not found. Among twenty of the examined cultivars of winter spelt, deoxynivalenol was identified in 6 samples （up to 0.3 mg/kg）, T-2 toxin was identified in one sample in very low amount （below 75 μg/kg） while aflatoxins and ochratoxin A were not found. Deoxynivalenol was found in following winter spelt cultivars： T. spelta L. album, T. spelta BG, T. spelta BG 1166, T. spelta, Schwabenspelz and Franckenkorn. T-2 toxin was identified in T. spelta L. album BG 31. Among 13 products from spelt, DON was detected in 1 sample, OTA in 1 sample and zearalenone in 1 sample, T-2 toxins and aflatoxins were not found.展开更多
基金the New Century Talent Program from Ministry of Education, China (No. NCET-06-0518)the Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province of China (No. 2006C12087)
文摘Aflatoxins produced primarily by two closely related fungi, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, are mutagenic and carcinogenic in animals and humans. Of many approaches investigated to manage aflatoxin contamination, bio-logical control method has shown great promise. Numerous organisms, including bacteria, yeasts and nontoxigenic fungal strains of A. flavus and A. parasiticus, have been tested for their ability in controlling aflatoxin contamination. Great successes in reducing aflatoxin contamination have been achieved by application of nontoxigenic strains of A. flavus and A. parasiticus in fields of cotton, peanut, maize and pistachio. The nontoxigenic strains applied to soil occupy the same niches as the natural occurring toxigenic strains. They, therefore, are capable of competing and displacing toxigenic strains. In this paper, we review recent development in biological control of aflatoxin contamination.
文摘The presence of deoxynivalenol （DON）, total aflatoxins, ochratoxin （OTA） and zearalenone （ZEA） was investigated in malting barley samples harvested in Romania using an ELISA method （VERATOX, Neogen）. In 7 out of 14 barley samples the aflatoxins were not found at detectable levels （50%）. In 9 out of 14 barley samples the OTA was not found at detectable levels （64.29%）. In 1 out of 14 barley samples the DON was not found at detectable levels （7.14%）. In 13 out of 14 barley samples （92.86%） the ZEA was above the acceptable limit （100μg/kg）. For all barley samples the aflatoxins, DON and OTA were in line with European Union regulations in force （4.0 μg/kg for aflatoxins, 1,250.0μg/kg for DON, 5.0 μg/kg for OTA, respectively）.
文摘This study shows that the main cause of Fusarium head blight of spelt was F. poae. In 2007 deoxynivalenol was found up to 0.27 mg/kg in 2 of 18 samples of winter spelt kernels from organic farms. Also in 3 samples T-2 toxin was found in amount below 0.075 mg/kg. Aflatoxins and ochratoxin A were not found in kernels. Among nine of the examined samples of winter spelt in 2008, DON was identified in all samples （up to 0.31 mg/kg）, while T-2 toxin, aflatoxins and OTA were not found. Among twenty of the examined cultivars of winter spelt, deoxynivalenol was identified in 6 samples （up to 0.3 mg/kg）, T-2 toxin was identified in one sample in very low amount （below 75 μg/kg） while aflatoxins and ochratoxin A were not found. Deoxynivalenol was found in following winter spelt cultivars： T. spelta L. album, T. spelta BG, T. spelta BG 1166, T. spelta, Schwabenspelz and Franckenkorn. T-2 toxin was identified in T. spelta L. album BG 31. Among 13 products from spelt, DON was detected in 1 sample, OTA in 1 sample and zearalenone in 1 sample, T-2 toxins and aflatoxins were not found.
