黄淮海平原水资源开发的环境效应及其调控对策

本文简要介绍了黄淮海平原水资源开发与农业持续发展的关系，本区人均、公顷平均水资源量均仅及全国平均值的２９％；耕地灌溉率每增加１％，粮食单产增加９４．２８ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，总产增加２０．５０×１０８ｋｇ。文中阐述了四大类型区水资源利用现状和水资源开发中的环境问题，诸如山前平原区的水污染与浅层地下水超采，海河低平原区饮水型氟中毒、地下水降落漏斗和地面沉降，黄淮平原区的渍害和滨海平原区的黄河断流和海水入侵等。针对上述水环境问题，本文提出了相应的调控对策，可供有关省（市）、地（市）决策部门参考。

黄淮海平原农业综合开发的效益和粮食增产潜力

黄淮海平原经过１９８８－１９９３年农业综合开发，取得了明显的经济、生态和社会效益。改造中低产田４０９万ｈａ，开发区粮食年平均增长率达４．０％，其增产量占全区增产总量的４２．５％，农业开发的贡献几乎与传统农业的贡献相等。预测１９９５－２０００年，即使是农业综合开发的规模与前六年相同，但是，由于水利工程效益更充分地发挥和农业的科技含量持续增长，开发区粮食完全可能增产达９０亿ｋｇ。

Simulation and Analysis of Land System Structure Changes in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain Area

The dynamic changes of land system in Huang - Huai - Hai Plain between 1988 and 2000 were researched in this paper. Spatial dominance econometric model was estabilished on 1 km cell to quantificafionally analyze the driving-force for the dynamic change mechanism of land system, such as natural, social and economic factors. The future dynamic changes of land system in Huang - Huai - Hai Plain on each 1 km cell during 2000 to 2020 were stimulated by combining the dynamic changes of land system on each 1 km cell with different situations. The research indicated that the dynamic changes of land system structure changed mainly from the cultivated areas to building areas and industrial areas, and forest areas increased during this period. Although the revolutions of land system structure were different during 2000 to 2020 with the different referrence standard, ecological protection and economic development, the primary dynamic changes of land system structure were that the increase of building land areas with the decline cuhivaled land areas and the increase of woodlands.

Soil Quality Evaluation and Technology Research on Improving Land Capability——A Case Study on Huanghuaihai Plain in Shandong Province

Based on the geochemical data obtained from the national project about the prevention and control of soil contamination, this paper explored the properties of soil chemical elements in Huanghuaihai Plain, Shandong Province. The results showed that among the grade-one nutritive elements in soil, organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus were relatively deficient while potassium was rich. Meanwhile, as the grade-two nutritive elements, calcium oxide and magnesium oxide were relatively short and sulfur’s content was abundant. About the other beneficial and trace nutri-tive elements, iron oxide, manganese, molybdenum and boron were deficient, but the content of chlorine was high, hardly lack. The main barriers to improving land productivity were soil salinization and soil heavy metal contamination. The values of soil integrated fertility index that most of the soil in the study area is middle-lower fertilized. Specifical y, the low fertility area and lower fertility area are 6 1604 and 1 244 km2 respectively, occupying about 97.43% and 1.97% of the total area. The moderate fertility soil has an area of 172 km2, occupying about 0.27% of the total area. The higher fertility soil covers an area of 128 km2, while the high fertility area of only 76 km2. This article proposed scientific fertilization, elimination of soil obsta-cle, remediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soil and other effective measures to improve land productivity according to the basic investigation results, which provides a good technological support for the planning and development of good-quality and high-benefit agriculture.

Research of Comprehensive Evaluation of Agricultural Land Suitability in Typical Area of Huanghuaihai Plain based on GIS

The paper aims to study agricultural land suitability in typical agricultural area in Huanghuaihai plain by the comprehensive evaluation of natural factors and environmental conditions of agricultural land with Liaocheng area in Shangdong Province in the center of Huanghuaihai plain as a case.The results suggested that the land quality in Liaocheng was above the average and accorded with the local practical situation.The authors validated the scientificity of agricultural land suitability study by using GIS technology and proposed some suggestions on analysis results.

Modeling Soil Organic Matter Dynamics Under Intensive Cropping Systems on the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China

A modified CQESTR model, a simple yet useful model frequently used for estimating carbon sequestration in agricultural soils, was developed and applied to evaluate the effects of intensive cropping on soil organic matter （SOM） dynamics and mineralization as well as to estimate carbon dioxide emission from agricultural soils at seven sites on the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China. The model was modified using site-specific parameters from short- and mid-term buried organic material experiments at four stages of biomass decomposition. The predicted SOM results were validated using independent data from seven long-term （10- to 20-year） soil fertility experiments in this region. Regression analysis on 1 151 pairs of predicted and measured SOM data had an r2 of 0.91 （P≤0.01）. Therefore, the modified model was able to predict the mineralization of crop residues, organic amendments, and native SOM. Linear regression also showed that SOM mineralization rate （MR） in the plow layer increased by 0.22% when annual crop yield increased by 1 t ha^-1 （P ≤ 0.01）, suggesting an improvement in SOM quality. Apparently, not only did the annual soil respiration efftux merely reflect the intensity of soil organism and plant metabolism, but also the SOM MR in the plow layer. These results suggested that the modified model was simple yet valuable in predicting SOM trends at a single agricultural field and could be a powerful tool for estimating C-storage potential and reconstructing C storage on the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China.

Fate of Fertilizer Nitrogen Applied to Crops Grown on Fluvo-Aquic Soil in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

The fate of urea-and ammonium bicarbonate (ABC)-nitrogen (N) applied by prevailing traditional techniques to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) or maize (Zea mays L.) grown in the fields of Fluvo-aquic soil was investigated using 15N tracer-micro-plot technique. Results show that:(1) at maturity of wheat, N recovery in plants and N losses of urea and ABC applied at seeding in autumn were 31-39%, and 34-46%, respectively, while the corresponding figures for side-banding at 10 cm depth in early spring were 51-57%, and 5-12%; surface-broadcast of urea followed by irrigation at early spring was as efficient as the side-banding in improving N recovery in plants and reducing N loss, however, such technique was found less satisfactory with ABC. (2) At the maturity of maize, N recovery in the plants and N loss of urea and ABC sidebanded at seedling stage or prior to tasseling ranged from 23% to 57%, and 9% to 26%, respectively. (3) Either in Wheat or in maize experiment, the majority of residual fertilizer N in soil profile (0-60 cm) was in the form of biologically immobilized organic N, however, the contribution of ammonium fixation by clay minerals increased markedly with depth in soil profile. (4) Though the proportion of residual fertilizer N was generally highest in the top 20 cm soil layer, considerable reaidual N (mostly 6-11 % of the N applied) was found in 60-100 cm soil layers.

河南封丘县域农田土壤固碳速率空间变异特征及其影响因素

农田土壤固碳速率是评价土壤固碳效应和潜力的重要指标,精确估算区域农田土壤固碳速率对土壤地力及环境效应均具有重要意义.本研究选取黄淮海平原典型潮土区河南省封丘县为研究区域,按照土壤利用-土壤类型联合单元布点法,于2011年采集了70个耕层土样,测定了土壤有机碳含量、机械组成、容重、pH,并与全国第二次土壤普查(1981年)数据进行对比分析,结合地统计方法和GIS技术研究了该地区近30年农田土壤固碳速率的空间变异特征,利用显著性检验、回归分析、方差分析等方法定量分析了该区域农田土壤固碳速率的影响因素.结果表明:近30年封丘县域土壤固碳速率平均值为0.33 t C·hm^(-2)·a^(-1),变异系数为74%,属于中等变异性;土壤固碳速率的变化在东西方向上表现为西高东低、中部高南北低,呈片状分布,区域结构性因素是引起农田土壤固碳速率空间分布差异的主导因素,如土壤类型、机械组成、容重、pH,可解释空间变异的59.5%,其次是随机性因素,如秸秆还田量、施肥量,可解释空间变异的40.5%.

接力棒传到他们手之后

阜宁,地处黄海平原。抗战时期,刘少奇、陈毅等老一辈革命家曾在这里咤叱风云,在这块上地上有着武装工作的优良传统和深厚基础。人武部归建地方后,面临着武装工作如何往下传的课题。担子压在马金法和韩鹤芝肩上。

鲁莽与芦蒲烈士纪念塔

为纪念盐阜区在1940年10月至1943年9月为抗日阵亡的新四军3师将士、地方武装人员和干部,新四军3师师长黄克诚等领导决定新建新四军盐阜区抗日阵亡将士纪念塔,确定由盐阜区行政公署负责建造,组成以3师副师长、盐阜地委书记、盐阜军分区党委书记、司令员兼政委张爱萍为主任的建塔委员会。随后,张爱萍在5区的陆庄主持召开建塔第一次会议,建塔委员会全体委员和阜宁县抗日民主政府负责人及地方知名士绅出席会议,与会人员到马集(现江苏省阜宁县芦蒲镇政府所在地)