Context： Anesthetic tubes are always on the surgical table, for this reason, it＇s necessary to perform its disinfection, generally by chemicals. Aim： Was to analyze the effectiveness of tubes decontamination made b...Context： Anesthetic tubes are always on the surgical table, for this reason, it＇s necessary to perform its disinfection, generally by chemicals. Aim： Was to analyze the effectiveness of tubes decontamination made by disinfectant substances used in a clinical setting and to identify the microorganisms found on their surface. Materials and Methods： 14 anesthetic tubes were collected from dental clinic, on 5 groups. 01 plastic and 01 glass tubes that were not submitted to any disinfection process composed the control group and they had been sown in Agar Blood. Experimental groups underwent immersion and fixation with the proposed chemicals for 1 minute, laminar flow hood was used to seed it in Agar Blood and then it was transferred to incubator for 24 hours at 37℃. Tests were used to identify the main Gram positive pathogenic genera. Gram-negative pathogenic colonies isolated were seeded in biochemical means of identification. Results： It was possible to identify the presence of Staphylococcus coagulase negative, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus viridans, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter spp, as well as the effectiveness of chemical solutions proposed in this study. Conclusions： All chemical solutions proposed in this study were effective for the surface disinfection process of anesthetic tubes.展开更多
Gentamicin is one of the commonly used antibiotics in small animal practice in Nigeria. Fake and substandard drugs are responsible for high cost in both economic terms and lives lost. For decades, Nigeria has been flo...Gentamicin is one of the commonly used antibiotics in small animal practice in Nigeria. Fake and substandard drugs are responsible for high cost in both economic terms and lives lost. For decades, Nigeria has been flooded by counterfeit and poor-quality medicines. Because of the variations in gentamicin C components in different formulations and the effect of this on its efficacy and toxicity, this study was designed to evaluate the percentage of each of the major components of gentamicin C in some injectable gentamicin sulphate generics commonly used in small animal practice in Nigeria. Of the 22 multisource generics of injectable gentamicin sulphate samples analyzed for percentage content of gentamicin C major components using USP HPLC （United States Pharmacopoeia high performance liquid chromatography） method, 95.5% （21 ） met the USP specification. This suggests that there is a significant improvement in the monitoring of quality of drugs marketed in Nigeria, including gentamicin sulphate. Nevertheless, considering the propensity of the manufacturers adjusting their manufacturing processes following product＇s registration by the regulatory body, there is still the need for regular surveillance of drug products by batches to ensure their efficacy and safety.展开更多
To establish a micropropagation system of three Laurencia complex species （Laurencia okamurai, Laurencia tristicha, and Chondrophvcus undulatus） by tissue culture techniques, we studied the regeneration characterist...To establish a micropropagation system of three Laurencia complex species （Laurencia okamurai, Laurencia tristicha, and Chondrophvcus undulatus） by tissue culture techniques, we studied the regeneration characteristics and optimal culture conditions of axenic algal fragments cultured on solid medium and in liquid medium. Regeneration structures were observed and counted regularly under a reverse microscope to investigate the regeneration process, polarity and optimal illumination, and temperature and salinity levels. The results show that in most cultures of the three species, we obtained bud regeneration on solidified medium with 0.5% agar and in liquid medium. Rhizoid-like regeneration was filamentous and developed from the lower cut surface of fragments in L. okamurai, but was discoid and developed from the apical back side of bud regeneration in L. tristicha and C. undulatus. Regeneration polarity was localized to the apical part of algal fronds in all three species, and on fragments cut from the basal part of algae buds could develop from both the upper and the lower cut surfaces. Buds could develop from both the medullary and the cortical portions in L. okamurai and C. undulatus, while in L. tristicha, buds only emerged from the cortex. The optimal culture conditions for L. okamurai were 4 500 lx, 20℃ and 35 （salinity）; for C. undulatus, 4 500 lx, 20℃ and 30; and for L. tristicha, 4 500 lx, 25℃ and 30.展开更多
文摘Context： Anesthetic tubes are always on the surgical table, for this reason, it＇s necessary to perform its disinfection, generally by chemicals. Aim： Was to analyze the effectiveness of tubes decontamination made by disinfectant substances used in a clinical setting and to identify the microorganisms found on their surface. Materials and Methods： 14 anesthetic tubes were collected from dental clinic, on 5 groups. 01 plastic and 01 glass tubes that were not submitted to any disinfection process composed the control group and they had been sown in Agar Blood. Experimental groups underwent immersion and fixation with the proposed chemicals for 1 minute, laminar flow hood was used to seed it in Agar Blood and then it was transferred to incubator for 24 hours at 37℃. Tests were used to identify the main Gram positive pathogenic genera. Gram-negative pathogenic colonies isolated were seeded in biochemical means of identification. Results： It was possible to identify the presence of Staphylococcus coagulase negative, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus viridans, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter spp, as well as the effectiveness of chemical solutions proposed in this study. Conclusions： All chemical solutions proposed in this study were effective for the surface disinfection process of anesthetic tubes.
文摘Gentamicin is one of the commonly used antibiotics in small animal practice in Nigeria. Fake and substandard drugs are responsible for high cost in both economic terms and lives lost. For decades, Nigeria has been flooded by counterfeit and poor-quality medicines. Because of the variations in gentamicin C components in different formulations and the effect of this on its efficacy and toxicity, this study was designed to evaluate the percentage of each of the major components of gentamicin C in some injectable gentamicin sulphate generics commonly used in small animal practice in Nigeria. Of the 22 multisource generics of injectable gentamicin sulphate samples analyzed for percentage content of gentamicin C major components using USP HPLC （United States Pharmacopoeia high performance liquid chromatography） method, 95.5% （21 ） met the USP specification. This suggests that there is a significant improvement in the monitoring of quality of drugs marketed in Nigeria, including gentamicin sulphate. Nevertheless, considering the propensity of the manufacturers adjusting their manufacturing processes following product＇s registration by the regulatory body, there is still the need for regular surveillance of drug products by batches to ensure their efficacy and safety.
基金Supported by the fund from Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology (No. 2006HS006)Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China211-Project Funding of Soochow University (No. 14134908)
文摘To establish a micropropagation system of three Laurencia complex species （Laurencia okamurai, Laurencia tristicha, and Chondrophvcus undulatus） by tissue culture techniques, we studied the regeneration characteristics and optimal culture conditions of axenic algal fragments cultured on solid medium and in liquid medium. Regeneration structures were observed and counted regularly under a reverse microscope to investigate the regeneration process, polarity and optimal illumination, and temperature and salinity levels. The results show that in most cultures of the three species, we obtained bud regeneration on solidified medium with 0.5% agar and in liquid medium. Rhizoid-like regeneration was filamentous and developed from the lower cut surface of fragments in L. okamurai, but was discoid and developed from the apical back side of bud regeneration in L. tristicha and C. undulatus. Regeneration polarity was localized to the apical part of algal fronds in all three species, and on fragments cut from the basal part of algae buds could develop from both the upper and the lower cut surfaces. Buds could develop from both the medullary and the cortical portions in L. okamurai and C. undulatus, while in L. tristicha, buds only emerged from the cortex. The optimal culture conditions for L. okamurai were 4 500 lx, 20℃ and 35 （salinity）; for C. undulatus, 4 500 lx, 20℃ and 30; and for L. tristicha, 4 500 lx, 25℃ and 30.
