Schwannoma is a tumor derived from Schwann cells which usually arises in the upper extremities, trunk, head and neck, retroperitoneum, mediastinum, pelvis, and peritoneum. However, it can arise in the gastro-intestina...Schwannoma is a tumor derived from Schwann cells which usually arises in the upper extremities, trunk, head and neck, retroperitoneum, mediastinum, pelvis, and peritoneum. However, it can arise in the gastro-intestinal tract, including biliary tract. We present a 24-year-old male patient with obstructive jaundice, whose investigation with computed tomography abdomen showed focal wall thickening in the common hepatic duct, difficult to differentiate with hilar adenocarcinoma. He was diagnosed intraoperatively schwannoma of common bile duct and treated with local resection. The patient recovered well without signs of recurrence of the lesion after 12 mo. We also reviewed the common bile duct schwannoma related in the literature and evaluated the difficulty in pre and intraoperative differential diagnosis with adenocarcinoma hilar. Resection is the treatment of choice for such cases and the tumordid not recur in any of the resected cases.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the influence of experimental obstructive jaundice and exogenous bombesin （BBS） and neurotensin （NT） administration on the expression of the tight junction （TJ）-protein claudin-4 in intestin...AIM： To investigate the influence of experimental obstructive jaundice and exogenous bombesin （BBS） and neurotensin （NT） administration on the expression of the tight junction （TJ）-protein claudin-4 in intestinal epithelium of rats. METHODS： Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups： Ⅰ = controls, Ⅱ = sham operated,Ⅲ = bile duct ligation （BDL）,Ⅳ = BDL＋BBS （30μg/kg per d）, V = BDL＋NT （300μg/kg per d）. At the end of the experiment on d 10, endotoxin was measured in portal and aortic blood. Tissue sections of the terminal ileum were examined histologically and immunohistochemically for evaluation of claudin-4 expression in intestinal epithelium. RESULTS： Obstructive jaundice led to intestinal barrier failure demonstrated by significant portal and aortic endotoxemia. Claudin-4 expression was significantly increased in the upper third of the villi in jaundiced rats and an upregulation of its lateral distribution was noted. Administration of BBS or NT restored claudin-4 expression to the control state and significantly reduced portal and aortic endotoxemia. CONCLUSION： Experimental obstructive jaundice increases claudin-4 expression in intestinal epithelium,which may be a key factor contributing to the disruption of the mucosal barrier. Gut regulatory peptides BBS and NT can prevent this alteration and reduce portal and systemic endotoxemia.展开更多
MOiler cells are the main glial cells in the retina, and are related to plexiform layer activity. Recent studies have demonstrated that Muller cells are involved in the synaptic conservation, plasticity, development a...MOiler cells are the main glial cells in the retina, and are related to plexiform layer activity. Recent studies have demonstrated that Muller cells are involved in the synaptic conservation, plasticity, development and metabolism of glutamate. During turtle retinal development, layers, cells and synapses appear at different times. The aim of this research is to study the emergence of Muller cells during embryonic development and their relationship with the synaptogenesis. The authors used retinas from Trachemys scripta elegans embryos at stages S14, 18, 20, 23, and 26. Some retinas were processed with immunocytochemistry in order to detect the presence of glutamine synthetase in Muller cells, which was used as a marker of these ceils. Other retinas from the same stages were processed for ultrastructural studies. Samples were observed in confocal and transmission electron microscopes, respectively. The present results show that glutamine synthetase expression in MOiler cells occurs at S18, before the emergence of the retinal layers and the early synapses.展开更多
The description of “Jingjin” （ 经筋 aponeurotic system or muscles or tendinomuscular structures of the 12 regular meridians） in Chapter Jingjin of book Huangdi Neijing （《黄帝内经》 the Yellow Emperor＇ s Conon o...The description of “Jingjin” （ 经筋 aponeurotic system or muscles or tendinomuscular structures of the 12 regular meridians） in Chapter Jingjin of book Huangdi Neijing （《黄帝内经》 the Yellow Emperor＇ s Conon of Internal Medicine ） is the earliest record on nervous system. The Jingjin and channels are interdependent, and together they form the major parts of the channel-collateral system in the theory of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. The integration of their own functions contributes to the “Qiji” （气机 functional activities） of the channel-collateral system. The Jingjin distributes in the human body regularly like channels, with starting and ending points （which goes up and down）, main streams and branches, converging and connecting spots, and specific manifestations for a certain disease. Observation by modern anatomy shows that blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels accompany closely with each other to run in the human body and work together to maintain human＇s life activities.展开更多
The effects of cyanidation conditions on gold dissolution were studied by artificial neural network （ANN） modeling. Eighty-five datasets were used to estimate the gold dissolution. Six input parameters, time, solid ...The effects of cyanidation conditions on gold dissolution were studied by artificial neural network （ANN） modeling. Eighty-five datasets were used to estimate the gold dissolution. Six input parameters, time, solid percentage, P50 of particle, NaCN content in cyanide media, temperature of solution and pH value were used. For selecting the best model, the outputs of models were compared with measured data. A fourth-layer ANN is found to be optimum with architecture of twenty, fifteen, ten and five neurons in the first, second, third and fourth hidden layers, respectively, and one neuron in output layer. The results of artificial neural network show that the square correlation coefficients （R2） of training, testing and validating data achieve 0.999 1, 0.996 4 and 0.9981, respectively. Sensitivity analysis shows that the highest and lowest effects on the gold dissolution rise from time and pH, respectively It is verified that the predicted values of ANN coincide well with the experimental results.展开更多
The Loess Plateau has a typical semi-arid climate, and the area suffers from very harsh ecological environment, severe soil erosion and water runoff, and uneven distributed precipitation. Due to the relatively low hol...The Loess Plateau has a typical semi-arid climate, and the area suffers from very harsh ecological environment, severe soil erosion and water runoff, and uneven distributed precipitation. Due to the relatively low holding capacity, current rainwater-collecting and conservation facilities can only supplement a maximum of18 mm of water for crop production in each irrigation. In this study, mathematical models were constructed to identify the water requirement critical period of maize crop by evaluating response of each individual developmental stage to supplemental irrigation with harvested rainwater. In the transformed Jensen model, ETmin/Eta was used as the index of relative evapotranspiration. The use of relative yield and relative crop evapotranspiration was able to eliminate influences from unintended environmental factors. A BP neural network crop-water model for extreme water deficit condition was constructed using the index of relative evapotranspiration as the input and the index of relative yield as the output after iterative training and adjustment of weight values. Comparison of measured maize yields to those predicted by the two models confirmed that the BP neural network crop-water model is more accurate than the transformed Jensen model in predicting the sensitivity index to waterdeficit at various growth stages and maize yield when provided with supplemental irrigation with harvested rainwater.展开更多
Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction （HLJDD） has been widely used for the treatment of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） in clinic. However, the relationship between its chemical profile and neuroprotective bioactivity was not cle...Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction （HLJDD） has been widely used for the treatment of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） in clinic. However, the relationship between its chemical profile and neuroprotective bioactivity was not clearly clarified yet. In present study, the water extract of HLJDD and subsequent three polarity fractions divided by different reagents were investigated. A total of 17 chromatographic peaks were confirmed by comparison with standards and their UV, MS spectra. Among them, 11 major compounds were determined by HPLC-DAD method with good linear regression relationship （r2, 0.9994-0.9999）, precisions （inter-day precision RSD, 0.79%-1.07%; intra-day precision RSD, 1.59%-2.10%）, repeatability （RSD, 1.66%-3.67%）, stability （RSD, 1.26%-4.77%） and recovery （95.24%-105.41%, RSD, 0.29%-2.69%）. Furthermore, PC12 cells and primary neurons cells were used for the neuroprotective effective assessment of aforementioned four samples from HLJDD. 3＂he total aqueous extract and n-butanol extract of HLJDD presented more significant effects than the other two parts. According to their quality and quantity determination results, iridoids and alkaloids have a positive correlation with the neuroprotective effectiveness of HLJDD.展开更多
Berberine(BBR) is an organic small molecule isolated from various plants that have been used in traditional Chinese medicine. Isolation of this compound was its induction into modern medicine, and its usefulness becam...Berberine(BBR) is an organic small molecule isolated from various plants that have been used in traditional Chinese medicine. Isolation of this compound was its induction into modern medicine, and its usefulness became quickly apparent as seen in its ability to combat bacterial diarrhea, type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, inflammation, heart diseases, and more. However, BBR's effects on neurodegenerative diseases remained relatively unexplored until its ability to stunt Alzheimer's disease(AD) progression was characterized. In this review, we will delve into the multi-faceted defensive capabilities and bio-molecular pathways of BBR against AD, Parkinson's disease(PD), and trauma-induced neurodegeneration. The multiple effects of BBR, some of which enhance neuro-protective factors/pathways and others counteract targets that induce neurodegeneration, suggest that there are many more branches to the diverse capabilities of BBR that have yet to be uncovered. The promising results seen provide a convincing and substantial basis to support further scientific exploration and development of the therapeutic potential of BBR against neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
Objective： To observe the effect of Da Huang（Rheum Officinale） application at Shenque（CV 8） on constipation after operation for lumbar vertebral fracture.Methods： Seventy-four patients with constipation after op...Objective： To observe the effect of Da Huang（Rheum Officinale） application at Shenque（CV 8） on constipation after operation for lumbar vertebral fracture.Methods： Seventy-four patients with constipation after operation for lumbar vertebral fracture were divided into an observation group and a control group by the random number table, 37 cases in each group. The two groups both received ordinary treatment（including healthcare guidance, emotional care, diet arrangement, and defecation nursing）, while the observation group was additionally given Da Huang（Rheum Officinale） application at Shenque（CV 8） for 6 h each day. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated after successive 3-day treatment. Results： After 3-day treatment, it took significantly less time for the observation group to conduct the first flatulence and defecation than for the control group（P〈0.05）; the therapeutic efficacy of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group（P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Da Huang（Rheum Officinale） application at Shenque（CV 8） is effective in treating constipation after lumbar vertebral fracture operation, and it＇s easy-to-operate and well accepted by patients, hence it＇s proper to promote this method in clinic.展开更多
文摘Schwannoma is a tumor derived from Schwann cells which usually arises in the upper extremities, trunk, head and neck, retroperitoneum, mediastinum, pelvis, and peritoneum. However, it can arise in the gastro-intestinal tract, including biliary tract. We present a 24-year-old male patient with obstructive jaundice, whose investigation with computed tomography abdomen showed focal wall thickening in the common hepatic duct, difficult to differentiate with hilar adenocarcinoma. He was diagnosed intraoperatively schwannoma of common bile duct and treated with local resection. The patient recovered well without signs of recurrence of the lesion after 12 mo. We also reviewed the common bile duct schwannoma related in the literature and evaluated the difficulty in pre and intraoperative differential diagnosis with adenocarcinoma hilar. Resection is the treatment of choice for such cases and the tumordid not recur in any of the resected cases.
文摘AIM： To investigate the influence of experimental obstructive jaundice and exogenous bombesin （BBS） and neurotensin （NT） administration on the expression of the tight junction （TJ）-protein claudin-4 in intestinal epithelium of rats. METHODS： Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups： Ⅰ = controls, Ⅱ = sham operated,Ⅲ = bile duct ligation （BDL）,Ⅳ = BDL＋BBS （30μg/kg per d）, V = BDL＋NT （300μg/kg per d）. At the end of the experiment on d 10, endotoxin was measured in portal and aortic blood. Tissue sections of the terminal ileum were examined histologically and immunohistochemically for evaluation of claudin-4 expression in intestinal epithelium. RESULTS： Obstructive jaundice led to intestinal barrier failure demonstrated by significant portal and aortic endotoxemia. Claudin-4 expression was significantly increased in the upper third of the villi in jaundiced rats and an upregulation of its lateral distribution was noted. Administration of BBS or NT restored claudin-4 expression to the control state and significantly reduced portal and aortic endotoxemia. CONCLUSION： Experimental obstructive jaundice increases claudin-4 expression in intestinal epithelium,which may be a key factor contributing to the disruption of the mucosal barrier. Gut regulatory peptides BBS and NT can prevent this alteration and reduce portal and systemic endotoxemia.
文摘MOiler cells are the main glial cells in the retina, and are related to plexiform layer activity. Recent studies have demonstrated that Muller cells are involved in the synaptic conservation, plasticity, development and metabolism of glutamate. During turtle retinal development, layers, cells and synapses appear at different times. The aim of this research is to study the emergence of Muller cells during embryonic development and their relationship with the synaptogenesis. The authors used retinas from Trachemys scripta elegans embryos at stages S14, 18, 20, 23, and 26. Some retinas were processed with immunocytochemistry in order to detect the presence of glutamine synthetase in Muller cells, which was used as a marker of these ceils. Other retinas from the same stages were processed for ultrastructural studies. Samples were observed in confocal and transmission electron microscopes, respectively. The present results show that glutamine synthetase expression in MOiler cells occurs at S18, before the emergence of the retinal layers and the early synapses.
文摘The description of “Jingjin” （ 经筋 aponeurotic system or muscles or tendinomuscular structures of the 12 regular meridians） in Chapter Jingjin of book Huangdi Neijing （《黄帝内经》 the Yellow Emperor＇ s Conon of Internal Medicine ） is the earliest record on nervous system. The Jingjin and channels are interdependent, and together they form the major parts of the channel-collateral system in the theory of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. The integration of their own functions contributes to the “Qiji” （气机 functional activities） of the channel-collateral system. The Jingjin distributes in the human body regularly like channels, with starting and ending points （which goes up and down）, main streams and branches, converging and connecting spots, and specific manifestations for a certain disease. Observation by modern anatomy shows that blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels accompany closely with each other to run in the human body and work together to maintain human＇s life activities.
文摘The effects of cyanidation conditions on gold dissolution were studied by artificial neural network （ANN） modeling. Eighty-five datasets were used to estimate the gold dissolution. Six input parameters, time, solid percentage, P50 of particle, NaCN content in cyanide media, temperature of solution and pH value were used. For selecting the best model, the outputs of models were compared with measured data. A fourth-layer ANN is found to be optimum with architecture of twenty, fifteen, ten and five neurons in the first, second, third and fourth hidden layers, respectively, and one neuron in output layer. The results of artificial neural network show that the square correlation coefficients （R2） of training, testing and validating data achieve 0.999 1, 0.996 4 and 0.9981, respectively. Sensitivity analysis shows that the highest and lowest effects on the gold dissolution rise from time and pH, respectively It is verified that the predicted values of ANN coincide well with the experimental results.
基金Supported by Inner Mongolia water conservancy"Twelfth five-year"Major Science and Technology Demonstration Project-scientific Support Project for New Water-saving Irrigation Area of Four ten Million mu in Inner Mongolia in China(20121036)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51469026,2012MS0621)the Guided Reward Fund for Scientific and Technological Innovation,Inner Mongolia,China
文摘The Loess Plateau has a typical semi-arid climate, and the area suffers from very harsh ecological environment, severe soil erosion and water runoff, and uneven distributed precipitation. Due to the relatively low holding capacity, current rainwater-collecting and conservation facilities can only supplement a maximum of18 mm of water for crop production in each irrigation. In this study, mathematical models were constructed to identify the water requirement critical period of maize crop by evaluating response of each individual developmental stage to supplemental irrigation with harvested rainwater. In the transformed Jensen model, ETmin/Eta was used as the index of relative evapotranspiration. The use of relative yield and relative crop evapotranspiration was able to eliminate influences from unintended environmental factors. A BP neural network crop-water model for extreme water deficit condition was constructed using the index of relative evapotranspiration as the input and the index of relative yield as the output after iterative training and adjustment of weight values. Comparison of measured maize yields to those predicted by the two models confirmed that the BP neural network crop-water model is more accurate than the transformed Jensen model in predicting the sensitivity index to waterdeficit at various growth stages and maize yield when provided with supplemental irrigation with harvested rainwater.
基金Key Projects in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program during the 11thFive-Year Plan Period (Grant No.2008BAI51B02)National Natural Science Fund Project of China (Grant No. 81202904)
文摘Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction （HLJDD） has been widely used for the treatment of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） in clinic. However, the relationship between its chemical profile and neuroprotective bioactivity was not clearly clarified yet. In present study, the water extract of HLJDD and subsequent three polarity fractions divided by different reagents were investigated. A total of 17 chromatographic peaks were confirmed by comparison with standards and their UV, MS spectra. Among them, 11 major compounds were determined by HPLC-DAD method with good linear regression relationship （r2, 0.9994-0.9999）, precisions （inter-day precision RSD, 0.79%-1.07%; intra-day precision RSD, 1.59%-2.10%）, repeatability （RSD, 1.66%-3.67%）, stability （RSD, 1.26%-4.77%） and recovery （95.24%-105.41%, RSD, 0.29%-2.69%）. Furthermore, PC12 cells and primary neurons cells were used for the neuroprotective effective assessment of aforementioned four samples from HLJDD. 3＂he total aqueous extract and n-butanol extract of HLJDD presented more significant effects than the other two parts. According to their quality and quantity determination results, iridoids and alkaloids have a positive correlation with the neuroprotective effectiveness of HLJDD.
文摘Berberine(BBR) is an organic small molecule isolated from various plants that have been used in traditional Chinese medicine. Isolation of this compound was its induction into modern medicine, and its usefulness became quickly apparent as seen in its ability to combat bacterial diarrhea, type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, inflammation, heart diseases, and more. However, BBR's effects on neurodegenerative diseases remained relatively unexplored until its ability to stunt Alzheimer's disease(AD) progression was characterized. In this review, we will delve into the multi-faceted defensive capabilities and bio-molecular pathways of BBR against AD, Parkinson's disease(PD), and trauma-induced neurodegeneration. The multiple effects of BBR, some of which enhance neuro-protective factors/pathways and others counteract targets that induce neurodegeneration, suggest that there are many more branches to the diverse capabilities of BBR that have yet to be uncovered. The promising results seen provide a convincing and substantial basis to support further scientific exploration and development of the therapeutic potential of BBR against neurodegenerative diseases.
基金supported by Planning Project of Chinese Medicine Science of Zhejiang ProvinceNo.2012ZB034~~
文摘Objective： To observe the effect of Da Huang（Rheum Officinale） application at Shenque（CV 8） on constipation after operation for lumbar vertebral fracture.Methods： Seventy-four patients with constipation after operation for lumbar vertebral fracture were divided into an observation group and a control group by the random number table, 37 cases in each group. The two groups both received ordinary treatment（including healthcare guidance, emotional care, diet arrangement, and defecation nursing）, while the observation group was additionally given Da Huang（Rheum Officinale） application at Shenque（CV 8） for 6 h each day. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated after successive 3-day treatment. Results： After 3-day treatment, it took significantly less time for the observation group to conduct the first flatulence and defecation than for the control group（P〈0.05）; the therapeutic efficacy of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group（P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Da Huang（Rheum Officinale） application at Shenque（CV 8） is effective in treating constipation after lumbar vertebral fracture operation, and it＇s easy-to-operate and well accepted by patients, hence it＇s proper to promote this method in clinic.
