浅析电视民生新闻黄色化倾向

当下我国电视民生新闻娱乐化、低俗化倾向严重,越来越多地闪现"黄色新闻"。本文通过对当前电视民生新闻这种黄色化倾向进行解析,从而为行业未来发展提出一些理性建议。

黄色成为君权符号的文化动因

黄色原本是一种普通的物理色彩,经过历代思想家对其象征意义的层层累加,最终抽象为一个以人种肤色、地理环境为自然基础,以原始崇拜(土地崇拜、方位崇拜)为心理基础,吸收了尚中贵和、无为之道等哲学思想和王权圣化的政治思维所形成的政治文化符号。

都市新闻的“三化”及对策

都市新闻作为一种群众喜闻乐见的报道形式,被越来越多的人认可和接受。根据权威机构的收视率调查显示,都市新闻的受众远远超出其它类型新闻,高居榜首。然而,收视率一路上扬后,都市新闻却渐渐走向了低俗化、媚俗化和黄色化之路。回顾新闻史,反思现状,更能帮助我们认清都市新闻的"三化"历程,分析它的传播机制,以及采取积极、有效的应对措施。

铝型材表面浅黄色无铬预处理关键技术的研究与应用

论述一种新型铝型材表面浅黄色无铬预处理技术的开发过程、关键技术及其原理、工艺流程与应用效果。批量生产证明,本研究成果具有节能环保、节水,产品质量稳定、可靠,便于操作管理等优点,值得推广应用。

铝型材表面浅黄色无铬预处理关键技术的研究与应用

论述了一种新的铝型材表面浅黄色无铬预处理的技术的开发过程、关键技术及其原理、工艺流程与应用效果。大批量生产证实,本研究成果具有节能环保、节水、工艺先进、产品质量稳定、可靠、便于操作管理等优异特性,值得推广应用。

An Isopropyldioxy Flavonol from Hypericum perforatum L.

Aim Isolation and structural elucidation of the constituents from the aerialpart of Hypericum perforatum L. Methods Column chromatography and TLC were used to isolate chemicalconstituents. Physico-chemical characterization and spectroscopic analysis were employed forstructural identification. Results Three flavonols were isolated and identified. Conclusion Compound1 is a novel natural product and its structure has been characterized to be 3, 5, 7-trihydroxy-3',4'-isopropyldioxy-flavone.

Three Anthraquinones Isolated from Aster tataricus L.f

The roots and rhizomes of Aster tataricus L. f (Zi-wan) is a traditionalChinese medicine, which has been used for relieving cough and resolving phlegm. Previousinvestigation of the species resulted in the isolation and identification of triterpenes,triterpenoid saponins, cyclic pentapeptides, and oligopeptides. We have also reported thepolyphenols and a dipeptide isolated from the species. In this paper, the isolation and structureelucidation of three anthraquinones, chrysophanol (1), physciori (2), and emodin (3), are described.Chrysophanol and physcion were isolated from family Composi-tae for the first time.

Wastewater Treatment for Removal of Recalcitrant Compounds：A Hybrid Process for Decolorization and Biodegradation of Dyes

While conventional wastewater treatments for urban effluents are fairly routine and have proved highly effective,industrial wastewater requires more complex and specific treatments.This paper provides a technological strategy for removal of recalcitrant contaminants based on a hybrid treatment system.The model effluent containing a binary mixture of synthetic dyes is treated by a combination of a preliminary physicochemical stage followed by a biological stage based on ligninolytic enzymes produced by Phanerochaete chrysosporium.This proposal includes biosorption onto peat as pretreatment,which decreases the volume and concentration to be treated in the biological reactor,thereby obtaining a completely decolorized effluent.The treated wastewater can therefore be reused in the dyeing baths with the consequent saving of water resources.

Purification of Antimicrobial Peptide from Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba) and its Function Mechanism

The preliminary purification and antimicrobial mechanism of antimicrobial peptide from Antarctic Krill were studied in this paper. The results showed that the molecular weight range of antimicrobial polypeptide （CMCC-1） obtained by cation exchange chromatography was between 245-709D as detected by molecular sieve chromatography, and the minimum inhibition concentration （MIC） of CMCC-1 against Staphylococcus aureus was 5.0mgmL^-1. The antimicrobial mechanism of CMCC-1 was studied with S. aureus as indicator bacterium. Compared with control group, the results of the experimental group in which S. aureus was treated with CMCC-1 were as follows： l） CMCC-1 could inhibit cell division at logarithmic phase. 2） The protein and reducing sugar con- tent, and the conductivity of culture medium increased, and the activity of alkaline phosphatase and [3-galactosidase could be detected in the culture medium. 3） Observation under scanning electron microscope revealed that somatic morphology became irregular, and then somatic surface became coarse. The cell became much smaller, and most somatic ceils gathered. The boundary between cells became dim and finally fused as a whole. 4） Observation under transmission electron microscope showed that the surface of S. aureus became rough and the reproducing ability was restrained. The cell wall became thin and the cytoplasm shrunk. Substances inside cell leaked out, which caused cells death. 5） SDS-PAGE analysis showed that some bands disappeared, and the residual bands became vague. 6） The genomic DNA electrophoresis results showed that the genomic DNA bands ofS. aureus were not degraded but the brightness significantly reduced. Thus, it is supposed that CMCC-1 could destroy the cell wall and membrane of S. aureu, increase the cell membrane permeability and the leaking-out of intracellular substances, and thus cause the death ofS. aureu.

Chromatographic fingerprint analysis of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus by HPLC-DAD and chemometric methods

An efficient method for quality control of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus (FAI),a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was established. A simple and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD) procedure coupled with chemometric methods was developed for fingerprint analysis,qualitative analysis and quantitative determination of this herb. In qualitative and quantitative analyses,heuristic evolving latent projection (HELP) method was employed to resolve the overlapping peaks of the tested samples. Two bioactive components,namely hesperidin and naringin,are confirmed and determined,together with four flavonoids compounds tentatively identified including two new ones. From fingerprint analysis,the fingerprint data were processed with correlation coefficients for quantitative expression of their similarity and dissimilarity. The developed method based on an integration of chromatographic fingerprint and quantitative analysis is scientific,and the obtained results can be applied to the quality control of herb medicine.

Isolation and optimization of production of Astaxanthin from Antarctic yeast Rhodotorula sp. NJ298

Rhodotorula sp. NJ298 which could produce carotenoids was isolated from Antarctic sea ice. The major carotenoid was identified as astaxanthin by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry （LC/MS）, and its content accounted for 87.62% of total carotenoids （1,786 μg/g）. High Performance Liquid Chromatogrephy （HPLC） analysis showed that the purity of the astaxanthin reached about 96. 16% through a simple purification. Maximum astaxanthin production （1,908μg/g） was obtained when the yeast was grown at 10 ℃ in seawater medium containing 5 g/L sodium acetate, 5 g/L peptone, 0.5 g/L NaC1, 0.01 g/L KH2PO4; 0.01 g/L MgSO4·7H20 and 0.001 g/L FeSO4·7H20 at pH 7.5.

Chemical profile of the secondary metabolites produced by a deep-sea sediment-derived fungus Penicillium commune SD-118

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extract from Penicillium commune SD-118, a fungus obtained from a deep-sea sediment sample, resulted in the isolation of a known antibacterial compound, xanthocillin X (1), and 14 other known compounds comprising three steroids (2-4), two ceramides (5 and 6), six aromatic compounds (7-12), and three alkaloids (13-15). Xanthocillin X (1) was isolated for the first time from a marine fungus. In the bioassay, xanthocillin X (1) displayed remarkable antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and significant cytotoxicity against MCF-7, HepG2, H460, Hela, Du145, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Meleagrin (15) exhibited cytotoxicity against HepG2, Hela, Du145, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. This is the first report of the cytotoxicity of xanthocillin X (1).

Optimization of Extraction Technology of Pigments from Petals of Matthiola incana(L.)R.Br.of Different Colors

[ Objective] The paper aimed to study the optimum extraction technology of pigments from petals of Matthiola incana（ L. ） R. Br. of differ- ent colors. [Method] Petal pigments of Aida variety （white violet）, Francesco variety （ red violet） and Arabella variety （ purple violet） were ana- lyzed by colorimetric reaction method and ultraviolet-visible spectrum method, and the optimum extraction technology of flavonoid compounds from petals of them was determined by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment. [ Result] The optimum extraction conditions of white violet were as follows： with 95% ethanol ＋ 5% HCI as solvent, solid-liquid ratio （ 1 ： 40）, extraction time （3 h）, extraction temperature （65 ℃ ）. The opti- mum extraction conditions of red violet and purple violet were as follows： with acetone as solvent, solid-liquid ratio （1：40）, extraction time （3 h）, extraction temperature （65 ℃）. [ Conclusion] The study provided theoretical foundation for further development and exploitation of pigments from M. incana（ L. ） R. Br.

New Environmental Friendly Yellow Ceramic Pigments of the Type （Fe^ⅢM^Ⅴ）-TiO2

The family of Cr（Ⅲ） and Fe（Ⅲ）-doped rutile pigments of nominal composition （M^ⅢM^V）xTi1-2xO2, with M^Ⅲ = Cr（Ⅲ） or Fe（Ⅲ） and M＇（V） = Sb, Nb, Ta, with x = 0.03, 0.15 and 0.25 were investigated as ceramic pigments covering the yellow-ochre-brown palette. The formulations containing Fe（Ⅲ） are novel compositions not included in the commercial rutile pigments. The materials were characterized by XRD （X-ray diffraction） analysis and FTIR （Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy）. The transition temperature from anatase-to-rutile was estimated by the evolution of the spectral patterns. This crystal phase transition is responsible of the color formation. A higher distortion of TiO6 octahedra is observed in the case of （FeSb） containing cells which contribute to the enhancement of the light absorption. The coloring performance of all the formulations were evaluated by enameling the mixtures containing 5% pigments and commercial frits representative of single and double firing industrial processes. The chromatic values obtained are in the yellow to brown domain of the chromatic plot, depending on the composition of the pigment-frit batch. In the case of the Fe-glazes, and particularly the combination （FeNb）, the chromatic values are close to the best yellow tinting. This new FeNb-rutile pigment could be a more benign substitute of Cr-yellow pigments. The homogeneity of the enamels was confirmed by SEM （scanning electron microscopy）-EDAX （energy dispersive X-ray analysis） microscopy.

Alkaloids from an algicolous strain of Talaromyces sp.

Compounds isolated and identified in a culture of the alga-endophytic fungus Talaromyces sp. cf- 16 included two naturally occurring alkaloids, 2-[（S）-hydroxy（phenyl）methyl]-3-mcthylquinazolin-4（3H）- one （la） and 2-[（R）-hydroxy（phenyl）methyl]-3-methylquinazolin-4（3H）-one （lb）, that were identified for the first time. In addition, seven known compounds （2-8） were obtained from the culture. Following chiral column chromatography, compounds la and lb were identified as enantiomers by spectroscopic analyses and quantum chemical calculations. Bioassay results showed that 5 was more toxic to brine shrimp than the other compounds, and that 3-6 could inhibit Staphylococcus aureus.

Nutritional Profile of Untraditional Colored Wheat Grains and Their Bread Making Utilisation

The aim of this work was to focus on development of the new health benefit food product, bread made from colored wheat flour with a high content of proteins, fibre, β-glucans, phenols, flavonoids. The amount of protein ranged from 9% to 14% in our analyzed set. The highest value had yellow variety of wheat BONA DEA （14%）, at least had red grain of variety FEDERER （9.02%）. Average content of fl-glucans determined by enzymatically ranged from 0.25% （BONA VITA） to 0.67% （ABISSINSKAJA and LUTEUS）. The largest amount of phenolic compounds （134 mg GAE/L） and flavonoids （2.80 mg RE/L） contained sample RU440-6, the lowest sample was IS CORVINUS （87 mg GAE/L）. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in blue varieties of wheat 48M （0.269 mmol TE/L）, while the lowest was determined in a sample of purple ANK 28A （0.083 mmol TE/L）. Data show that there is potential to use purple, blue and red variety of wheat as novel ingredient resources for the development of new innovative products. Assessment of the results we selected two varieties of color wheat （KONINI, RU440-6） in bakery attempt to meet demand for nutritional quality and also have an increased content of healthy components. Overall the most pleasant taste, color and flexibility bread crumb had a loaf of bread prepared from a purple variety KONINI without the addition of β-glucans.

Antimicrobial Activity of Ulva reticulata and Its Endophytes

Seaweeds are known to exhibit various antimicrobial properties, since it harbours an enormous range of indigenous bioactive compounds. The emergence of drug resistant strains has directed to the identification of prospective metabolites from seaweed and its endophytes, thereby exploiting the properties in resisting bacterial diseases. The current study was aimed to assess the antimicrobial activity of extracts obtained from Ulva reticulate, for which metabolites of Ulva reticulata and its endophytes were extracted and assessed against human pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Bacillus subtilis. It was observed that the hexane extract of isolate VITDSJ2 was effective against all the tested pathogens but a significant inhibition was observed for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Further, Gas chromatography coupled with Mass spectroscopy （GC-MS） revealed the existence of phenol, 3, 5-bis （1, 1-dimethylethyl） in the crude hexane extract which is well-known to possess antibacterial activity. The effective isolate VITDSJ2 was identified to be the closest neighbour of Pseudomonas smtzeri by phenotypic and genotypic methods. The crude extracts of the seaweed Ulva reticulata was also screened for antibacterial activity and the hexane extract was effective in showing inhibition against all the tested pathogens. The compound in the crude extract of Ulva reticulata was identified as hentriacontane using GC-MS. The extracts obtained from dichloromethane did not show significant activity in comparison with the hexane extracts. Hence the metabolites of Ulva reticulata and the bacterial secondary metabolites of the endophytes could be used in the treatment of bacterial infections.

Stability Studies on the Aqueous Extract of the Fresh Leaves of Combretum Micranthum G. Don Used as Antibacterial Agent

The fresh leaves of Combretum micranthum were harvested during the rainy season in Akwa Ibom State, washed and subjected to extraction by maceration in distilled water. Concentration was done with a rotary evaporator. The extracts were tested for content of the following phytochemicals using standard methods： alkaloids, saponins, tannins, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids and steroids. Antibacterial sensitivity test of the extract was carried out on S. aureus, B. subtilis and E. coli using agar well diffusion method and Ampiclox as control. The effect of storage time of the extract on its antibacterial activity was determined after the extract was kept at room temperature for 1 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively. Preparations of 200 mg/mL of the aqueous extract were made with additives as follows： （a） no additive; （b） methyl paraben （0.3%）; （c） propyl paraben （0.3%）; （d） sodium metabisulfite （0.01%）; （e） A combination of methyl paraben （0.3%） and propyl paraben （0.3%）; （f） A combination of methyl paraben （0.3%）, propyl paraben （0.3%） and sodium metabisulfite （0.01%）. A visual observation of the stabilized preparations was employed on daily basis for 30 days. Phytochemical analyses on the aqueous extract of the fresh leaves showed the absence of alkaloids, anthraquinones and flavonoids. Saponins, cardiac glycosides and steroids were present in moderate amounts and there was abundance of tannins. The extract had similar effect on both S. aureus and E. coli cultures but activity was very low with B. subtilis. When S. aureus activity increased with time of storage up to 48 hours, thereafter the activity started reducing. However, the activity of E. coli continued to increase with time （within the study period）. Thus, it appears reasonable to store the extract for at least 48 hours before the use for enhanced activity.

Ammonium Thiosulfate Ecological Viable Alternative to Replace Sodium Cyanide in Gold and Silver Dissolution Ores

The southern region of the state of Chihuahua is mining by origin, as this has been proved ghost towns of Minas Nuevas, it is also called Villa Escobedo, Emerald and Blue. Minerals are nonrenewable resources. There are only reserves and waste deposited in tailings ponds of low-rade precious metals （gold and silver）. A conventional method for recovering gold and silver ore is low-grade cyanidation and the solvent consider toxic and highly dangerous for the flora, fauna, humans and the environment. The mechanism of cyanide poisoning is inhibition of cytochrome oxidase--an enzyme needed for cell respiration. Without compromising efficiency, sensitivity and cost of the process, the toxic solvent is replaced by a less aggressive one, which helps the environment, public and occupational health. （NH4）2S203 has no appreciable damage to conservative amounts, is a selective aqueous solvent for leaching gold and silver, easy to get and manipulate. This work is done in the Technological Institute of Parral in a low-grade ore from the southern region of the state of Chihuahua. This document has been enriched presented in the IMEC 2014, with the increase of series Ⅴ and Ⅵ.

Antimicrobial and Photocatalytic Effect of Silicate and Silicone Hygienic Coatings

Antimicrobial and photocatalytic effect of silicate and silicone paints were tested. Silicate paints are based on water styrene-acrylic dispersion with mineral binder into form of potassium water glass. Silicone paints are based on water acrylic dispersion with silicone resin emulsion. Silicate and silicone paints were formulated with photocatalytic active nanooxides TiO2 and ZnO. Photocatalytic efficiency of coatings was measured as an absorbance change of organic dye Orange II solution at a wavelength of 485 nm. Antimicrobial properties of coatings were tested using agar plate methods. As test microorganisms Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus niger suspension （density 10^6 cells/mL） were used. The inhibition effect of tested coatings and inhibitory zones were evaluated after incubation. Coatings containing nanoparticles of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide showed antimicrobial activity against the test microorganisms. Whereas coating with zinc oxide nanoparticles successfully inhibited the growth of both bacteria and fungi, the photocatalytic nanoparticles of titanium dioxide inhibited bacteria but not fungi （weak inhibition was observed）.