汝瓷釉料中两种呈色原料的矿物元素分析

采用微波消解法处理汝瓷天青釉料两种呈色原料百化土和黄金土样品,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)对样品中23种矿物元素Ag、Al、As、Ba、Ca、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Hg、K、Li、Mg、Mn、Mo、Na、Ni、Pb、Se、Sr、V、Zn进行分析.23种矿物元素的相对标准偏差为0.52%~4.96%,准确度范围为90.5%~102.5%.结果表明:在汝瓷天青釉料两种呈色原料百化土和黄金土的23种矿物元素中,Al、Ca、Fe、K 4种矿物元素的质量分数很高,特别是Fe的质量分数最高;Mg、Mn、Na、Ni、Zn 5种矿物元素的质量分数较高;百化土中Al、Ca、Fe、Mg、Na 5种矿物元素的质量分数高于黄金土中这5种矿物元素的质量分数;黄金土中K、Mn、Ni、Zn 4种矿物元素的质量分数高于百化土中这4种矿物元素的质量分数.

Effects of a Complex Amendment on the Quality of Cucumber Fruit under Cd Contamination Stress

Pot experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of a complex amendment on the soil organic matter content, pH, microbial quantity, Cd uptake and nutritional quality of the fruit of cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.） planted in two levels （CdCl2·2.5H2O mg/kg and 4 mg/kg） of Cd-contaminated soil in which different concentrations of complex amendments （0, 600, 900, 1 200 mg/kg） were added. The results showed that when applying 1 200 mg/kg amendment, the organic mat-ter content, bacterial number and total microorganism amounts in 2 and 4 mg/kg Cd-contaminated soil increased by 23.17% and 32.89%, 87.61% and 96.02%, 59.95% and 55.81%, respectively. When 900 mg/kg amendment was applied, the fungi number in 2 and 4 mg/kg Cd-contaminated soil reached the maximum, in-creasing by 137.50% and 106.72% respectively. However, applying the amendment had no significant effect on the pH of soil. The security and nutritional quality of cu-cumber fruits were obviously improved comparing with control. The Cd content in cucumber fruits decreased by 31.40% and 24.35%, respectively, in 2 and 4 mg/kg Cd-contaminated soil. Furthermore, Vc, soluble sugar and soluble fixation content in cucumber fruits of 2 and 4 mg/kg Cd-contaminated soil went up by 25.00% and 91.42%, 37.03% and 27.06%, 14.29% and 58.80%, respectively. lt was indicated that the complex amendment can obviously improve the quality of cucumber fruit and thus can be used in the in situ_repair of Cd-contaminated soil.

Effects of organic acids on heavy metal release or immobilization in contaminated soil

In order to explicit the environmental activity of heavy metals affected by different organic acids in soil,a batch incubation experiment was explored to investigate the influence of high relative molecular mass organic acid(HMWOA)(humic acid and fulvic acid)and low relative molecular mass organic acid(LMWOA)(threonic acid and oxalic acid)on the release or immobilization of Pb,Cu and Cd in soils.Results showed that LMWOA,especially threonic acid,had a good performance in the release of Pb,Cu and Cd from soils,and decrease in the fractions of HOAc-extractable,reducible and oxidable Pb,Cu and Cd.Conversely,HMWOA,especially humic acid,decreased the release of Pb,Cu and Cd,while it increased the fractions of HOAc-extractable,reducible and oxidable Pb,Cu and Cd,indicating that HMWOA can immobilize heavy metals.The release of Pb,Cu and Cd caused by LMWOA was attributed to the dissociation of soil organic matter and amorphous iron oxides since the total organic carbon and the water-soluble iron increased.The immobilization of Pb,Cu and Cd by HMWOA was attributed to the adsorption onto HMWOA followed by amorphous iron since HMWOA resulted in a significant decrease of zeta potential and an increase of amorphous iron oxide.It can be concluded that LMWOA has a potential application in soil washing remediation,while HMWOA can be used in the immobilization remediation for heavy metals contaminated soils.

Analysis of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in Hechuan Wetland

Soil samples were collected from Hechuan wetland and digested by the national standard method. The contents of Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn and Mn in the wetland soil were determined, and the degree of soil heavy metal pollution was estimated by single-factor pollution index, root-mean-square comprehensive pollution index and geo-accumulation pollution index methods. The results showed that the wetland in the sampling range was seriously polluted by heavy metals, mainly by heavy metal Cd, while the effects from other heavy metals were relatively less.

Effect of loess for preventing contamination of acid mine drainage from coal waste

Acid mine drainage （AMD） that releases highly acidic, sulfate and metals-rich drainage is a serious environmental problem in coal mining areas in China. In order to study the effect of using loess for preventing AMD and controlling heavy metals contamination from coal waste, the column leaching tests were conducted. The results come from experiment data analyses show that the loess can effectively immobilize cadmium, copper, iron, lead and zinc in AMD from coal waste, increase pH value, and decrease Eh, EC, and 8024- concentrations of AMD from coal waste. The oxidation of sulfide in coal waste is prevented by addition of the loess, which favors the generation and adsorption of the alkalinity, the decrease of the population of Thiobacillusferrooxidans, the heavy metals immobilization by precipitation of sulfide and carbonate through biological sul- fate reduction inside the column, and the halt of the oxidation process of sulfide through iron coating on the surface of sulfide in coal waste. The loess can effectively prevent AMD and heavy metals contamination from coal waste in in-situ treatment systems.