I’m now reading a famous novel written by Joseph Conrad,whichwas first published in 1902.The title of the novel is Heart of Darkness.英国小说家康拉德的这部小说有一个很好的 Chinese version(中译本),就是人民文学出版社...I’m now reading a famous novel written by Joseph Conrad,whichwas first published in 1902.The title of the novel is Heart of Darkness.英国小说家康拉德的这部小说有一个很好的 Chinese version(中译本),就是人民文学出版社的黄雨石译本《黑暗的心脏》(也有人译成《黑暗的深处》)。Darkness 首先让人想到的是一种 fear orpanic(恐惧感)。I remember when I was a kid,staying alone in展开更多
Symptoms of leaf necrosis or chlorosis of bamboo induced by Typhoon 0613 （T0613） were analyzed using RGB image analysis in Yamaguchi city, Japan. Results showed a closely positive relationship between Green/Red （G/...Symptoms of leaf necrosis or chlorosis of bamboo induced by Typhoon 0613 （T0613） were analyzed using RGB image analysis in Yamaguchi city, Japan. Results showed a closely positive relationship between Green/Red （G/R） value for indoor taking images of bam- boo individual leaves and chlorophyll meter value （SPAD） with regression coefficient of 0.961. The relation between G/R value of room taking images and Necrotic Area Percentage （NAP） for bamboo individual leaves showed an inverse logistic function relationship, with the correlated coefficient equaling to 0.958. Both leaf chlorosis and necrosis can be quantitatively estimated by RGB image analysis. Moreover, the variance of Green/Luminance （G/L） value for the same leaf was less than that of G/R for images taken in the conditions with large light difference, especially for green leaves. G/L value also exhibited a closer relationship with SPAD value of leaves with chlorosis than that of G/R values at the same condition. The relationship between G/L value for bamboo canopies and the Distance from Coastline （DC） was also closer than that of the G/R value for the images taken at field sites with big light difference.展开更多
Dissolved nutrient concentration in the Huanghe （Yellow） River at Lijin was monitored during a water-sediment regulation period and a subsequent rainstorm from 14 June to 19 July, 2005. This study provides detailed ...Dissolved nutrient concentration in the Huanghe （Yellow） River at Lijin was monitored during a water-sediment regulation period and a subsequent rainstorm from 14 June to 19 July, 2005. This study provides detailed information on nutrient concentrations in the Huanghe River during the water-sediment regulation and rainstorm periods, and is of significance for the downstream area of the Huanghe River and the Bohai Sea. The average concentrations of nitrate, nitrite and ammonia were 304.7 μmol/L, 0.19 μmol/L, and 1.10 μmol/L, respectively, while the average concentrations of dissolved inorganic phosphorus （DIP） and dissolved silicate （DSi） were 0.23 gmol/L and 122.9 ktmol/L, respectively. Nutrient concentrations during the water-sediment regulation period were mainly influenced by the dilution effect, floodplain effect and sediment resuspension while dilution and erosion effects were the main factors during the rainstorm. The fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen （DIN）, DIP and DSi during the water-sediment regulation and rainstorm periods accounted for 20.4%, 19.5%, 16.7% and 4.97%, 6.45%, 5.47% of the annual nutrient fluxes, respectively. Discharge was the main factor influencing the fluxes of nutrients during both the water- sediment regulation and the rainstorm periods.展开更多
As the first event of soil erosion, rain splash erosion supplies materials for subsequent transportation and en-trainment. The Loess Plateau, the southern hilly region and the Northeast China are subject to serious so...As the first event of soil erosion, rain splash erosion supplies materials for subsequent transportation and en-trainment. The Loess Plateau, the southern hilly region and the Northeast China are subject to serious soil and water loss; however, the characteristics of rain splash erosion in those regions are still unclear. The objectives of the study are to ana-lyze the characteristics of splash erosion on loess soil, red soil, purple soil and black soil, and to discuss the relationship between splash erosion and soil properties. Soil samples spatially distributed in the abovementioned regions were col-lected and underwent simulated rainfalls at a high intensity of 1.2mm/min, lasting for 5, 10, 15, and 20min, respectively. Rain splash and soil crust development were analyzed. It shows that black soil sample from Heilongjiang Province corre-sponds to the minimum splash erosion amount because it has high aggregate content, aggregate stability and organic mat-ter content. Loess soil sample from Inner Mongolia corresponds to the maximum splash erosion amount because it has high content of sand particles. Loess soil sample from Shanxi Province has relatively lower splash erosion amount be-cause it has high silt particle content and low aggregate stability easily to be disrupted under rainfalls with high intensity. Although aggregate contents of red soil and purple soil samples from Hubei and Guangdong provinces are high, the sta-bility is weak and prone to be disrupted, so the splash erosion amount is medium. Splash rate which fluctuates over time is observed because soil crust development follows a cycling processes of formation and disruption. In addition, there are two locations of soil crust development, one appears at the surface, and the other occurs at the subsurface.展开更多
文摘I’m now reading a famous novel written by Joseph Conrad,whichwas first published in 1902.The title of the novel is Heart of Darkness.英国小说家康拉德的这部小说有一个很好的 Chinese version(中译本),就是人民文学出版社的黄雨石译本《黑暗的心脏》(也有人译成《黑暗的深处》)。Darkness 首先让人想到的是一种 fear orpanic(恐惧感)。I remember when I was a kid,staying alone in
文摘Symptoms of leaf necrosis or chlorosis of bamboo induced by Typhoon 0613 （T0613） were analyzed using RGB image analysis in Yamaguchi city, Japan. Results showed a closely positive relationship between Green/Red （G/R） value for indoor taking images of bam- boo individual leaves and chlorophyll meter value （SPAD） with regression coefficient of 0.961. The relation between G/R value of room taking images and Necrotic Area Percentage （NAP） for bamboo individual leaves showed an inverse logistic function relationship, with the correlated coefficient equaling to 0.958. Both leaf chlorosis and necrosis can be quantitatively estimated by RGB image analysis. Moreover, the variance of Green/Luminance （G/L） value for the same leaf was less than that of G/R for images taken in the conditions with large light difference, especially for green leaves. G/L value also exhibited a closer relationship with SPAD value of leaves with chlorosis than that of G/R values at the same condition. The relationship between G/L value for bamboo canopies and the Distance from Coastline （DC） was also closer than that of the G/R value for the images taken at field sites with big light difference.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40976044)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2011CB403602)the Funds for Creative Research Groups ofChina(No.41221004)
文摘Dissolved nutrient concentration in the Huanghe （Yellow） River at Lijin was monitored during a water-sediment regulation period and a subsequent rainstorm from 14 June to 19 July, 2005. This study provides detailed information on nutrient concentrations in the Huanghe River during the water-sediment regulation and rainstorm periods, and is of significance for the downstream area of the Huanghe River and the Bohai Sea. The average concentrations of nitrate, nitrite and ammonia were 304.7 μmol/L, 0.19 μmol/L, and 1.10 μmol/L, respectively, while the average concentrations of dissolved inorganic phosphorus （DIP） and dissolved silicate （DSi） were 0.23 gmol/L and 122.9 ktmol/L, respectively. Nutrient concentrations during the water-sediment regulation period were mainly influenced by the dilution effect, floodplain effect and sediment resuspension while dilution and erosion effects were the main factors during the rainstorm. The fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen （DIN）, DIP and DSi during the water-sediment regulation and rainstorm periods accounted for 20.4%, 19.5%, 16.7% and 4.97%, 6.45%, 5.47% of the annual nutrient fluxes, respectively. Discharge was the main factor influencing the fluxes of nutrients during both the water- sediment regulation and the rainstorm periods.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China ( No. 40471084)Innovation Program of Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 066U0104SZ)State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau (No. 10501-173)
文摘As the first event of soil erosion, rain splash erosion supplies materials for subsequent transportation and en-trainment. The Loess Plateau, the southern hilly region and the Northeast China are subject to serious soil and water loss; however, the characteristics of rain splash erosion in those regions are still unclear. The objectives of the study are to ana-lyze the characteristics of splash erosion on loess soil, red soil, purple soil and black soil, and to discuss the relationship between splash erosion and soil properties. Soil samples spatially distributed in the abovementioned regions were col-lected and underwent simulated rainfalls at a high intensity of 1.2mm/min, lasting for 5, 10, 15, and 20min, respectively. Rain splash and soil crust development were analyzed. It shows that black soil sample from Heilongjiang Province corre-sponds to the minimum splash erosion amount because it has high aggregate content, aggregate stability and organic mat-ter content. Loess soil sample from Inner Mongolia corresponds to the maximum splash erosion amount because it has high content of sand particles. Loess soil sample from Shanxi Province has relatively lower splash erosion amount be-cause it has high silt particle content and low aggregate stability easily to be disrupted under rainfalls with high intensity. Although aggregate contents of red soil and purple soil samples from Hubei and Guangdong provinces are high, the sta-bility is weak and prone to be disrupted, so the splash erosion amount is medium. Splash rate which fluctuates over time is observed because soil crust development follows a cycling processes of formation and disruption. In addition, there are two locations of soil crust development, one appears at the surface, and the other occurs at the subsurface.
