Tentative Research of Short Process of Jute Degumming and Bleaching

The feasibility of combination process of jute degumming and bleaching with alkali-hydrogen peroxide in one-step-one-bath was discussed. The combination process basically has the similar function as the traditional two-step-two-bath method. The factors such as hydrogen peroxide concentration, CBI concentration, sodium hydroxide concentration, treatment time and temperature were studied respectively, and then an orthogonal experiment was designed to study the interactions among the hydrogen peroxide concentration, CBI concentration, sodium hydroxide concentration. After the designed experiments, the optimum treatment conditions were obtained as follows: hydrogen peroxide of 12g/L, sodium hydroxide of 4g/L, CBI of 4g/L, JFC of 1g/L, treatment time of 60min and temperature of 75℃.

Extraction process in Chuantieling(CTL) based on the quality by design(QbD) concept

Objective This study aimed to design and optimize the water extraction process for Chuantieling(喘贴灵,CTL)based on the concept of quality by design(QbD).Methods The single-factor experiments were used to select the best experimental points of CTL water extraction.On this basis,the transfer rate of ephedrine hydrochloride and sin-apine thiocyanate,and the yield of the extract were evaluated as the evaluation indicators.The liquid-solid ratio,extraction time,and pH value were selected as the main factors to carry out the Box-Behnken design(BBD).A mathematical model of the critical process parameters(CPPs)and critical quality attributes(CQAs)was established,the interaction between CQAs and CPPs was examined,and the CTL extraction process design space was established and optimized,which guaranteed the stability of the process.The high performance liquid chro-matography(HPLC)was used to analyze the main active compounds in the CTL extract.Results Through single-factor experiments,the best experimental parameters were found to be a liquid-solid ratio of 8∶1,extraction time of 90 min,pH value of 4,and extraction times of three.The experimental variance analysis results of the BBD showed that the P value of the re-gression model was less than 0.05,and the lack-of-fit value was greater than 0.01,indicating that the constructed model had good predictive ability.The operating space of the CPPs of the CTL water extraction process was combined with the actual production situation.In the pro-duction situation,the best extraction process was nine times of water addition,72 min of ex-traction time,and 4.5 of pH value.The HPLC results showed that the peak areas of ephedrine hydrochloride,sinapine thiocyanate,tetrahydropalmatine,methyl eugenol,cinnamaldehyde,and 6-gingerol in the CTL extract accounted for 0.94%,14.32%,0.78%,31.23%,0.34%,and 0.44%of the total peak area,respectively.Conclusion The water extraction process design space of CTL based on QbD was conducive to actual production operations,ensuring the stability of the process.

FACTORS AFFECT THE RELEASE OF PSEUDOEPHDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE FROM THE UNCOATED CATION EXCHANGE RESIN-BASED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM IN VITRO

In this paper, it was investigated that the effect of parameters such as the ionic strength, pH, counter-ion type of release medium, particle size, and cross linkage of cation exchange resin on the release of model drug pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (PE) from uncoated drug-resin complex. The drug-resin complex was prepared by the reaction of PE with strongly acidic cation exchange resin (001×4, 001×7, 001×14). The result showed that the loading of PE increased with the increase of temperatures. The release of PE from drug-resin complex at 37℃ was monitored in vitro. From the experiments, it was found that the release rate of PE depends on the pH, composition of the releasing media, increased at lower pH media or with increase of ionic strength of media. Moreover, the release rate of PE was inversely proportional to the cross-linkage and particle size of the cation exchange resin.

Effects of harvesting time and processing on the contents of five alkaloids in the herbaceous stems of Ephedra sinica

In the present study,we studied the changes of the contents of alkaloids in the herbaceous stems of Ephedra sinica during different harvest periods as well as before and after processing.The alkaloid contents of 39 batches of ephedra herb,prepared slices ephedra and honey-fried ephedra,24 batches of ephedra herb with different harvesting periods,which were all collected from cultivation base in Inner Mongolia,and 38 batches of prepared slices ephedra purchased from the market were detected by taking norephedrine(NE),norpseudoephedrine(NPE),ephedrine(E),pseudoephedrine(PE)and methylephedrine(ME)as indicators by using HPLC method.The content of total alkaloid in prepared slices ephedra(1.71%–3.14%)was higher than that in ephedra herb(1.20%–2.53%)and honey-fried ephedra(1.52%–2.99%).Contents of different alkaloids in these three types of samples were significantly different.Prepared slices ephedra and honey-fried ephedra showed significant differences in the contents of NE,NPE and ME(P<0.05),and the contents of E were significantly different between ephedra herb and honey-fried ephedra(P<0.05).The total alkaloid content of ephedra herb was the highest in September(3.10%).Alkaloid contents of prepared slices ephedra collected in the market were uneven and 13%–91%lower than those collected from cultivation base.The results provided a basis for the quality evaluation of ephedra herb and its processed products,and had certain guiding significance for the selection of processed ephedra according to different drug purposes in clinical application.It also provided data support for the harvesting time of ephedra herb.

Simultaneous determination of 6 organic acids,3 nucleosides,and ephedrine in Pinellia ternata by HPLC

Pinellia ternata has a long history of medicinal use in China, Japan, and Korea. Herein, we present a sensitive, selective, and robust HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of 6 organic acids （oxalic acid, malic acid, citric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, and succinic acid）, 3 nucleosides （uridine, guanosine hydrate, and adenosine）, and ephedrine in P. ternata. The Rhizoma pinelliae samples were collected from different parts of Southwest China, and the 10 constituents were detected at a wavelength of 210 nm. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Boston Green ODS reversed-phase column along with a gradient mobile phase of methanol and phosphate buffer （pH 2.3, 10 mmol/L, v/v） at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The range of recovery was between 90.8% and 101.9%, and the calibration curves showed high linearity. The relative standard deviations of the new method were less than 3.0% for intra- and inter-day analyses. All samples were stable for at least 48 h. The abundance of the 10 compounds were dependent on their specific locations. The new HPLC method is a powerful technique for the quality control ofP. Ternata.

Correlation between the transdermal characteristics of pseudoephedrine and amygdalin in majiepingchuan in vitro

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the transdermal profile of pseudoephedrine and amygdalin in the Traditional Chinese Medicine majiepingchuan in rat skin and to reveal their interaction.METHODS: A Franz diffusion cell was used in vitro to evaluate the transdermal parameters of cumulative transdermal flux(Q_(tot)), cumulative transmission(T_(tot)), and mean penetration rate(Kp) of pseudoephedrine and amygdalin in majiepingchuan. Linear regression analyses of Q_(tot)over time of pseudoephedrine vs amygdalin and their ratios was adopted for correlation evaluation.RESULTS: At 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h, the Q_(tot),T_(tot)and Kp of pseudoephedrine showed a good correlation with that of amygdalin.CONCLUSION: There was a small difference in theratios of Q_(tot), T_(tot)and Kp between pseudoephedrine and amygdalin, and a correlation between them.