文摘海面发生原油泄漏后,采用海上浮油跟踪定位浮标锁定油污飘逸轨迹,实现对溢油的跟踪定位.定位浮标的定位能力受到浮标内部的吸油材料对原油的吸附能力以及海洋风的影响,吸附能力越强则定位浮标与油污结合越紧密,定位效果越好.首先,从吸油材料受力分析出发,通过室内实验,采用杠杆放大原理对吸油材料受到的风载荷进行测量,并研究风载荷随着吸油圆盘直径的变化趋势,得到了风载荷随着圆盘直径的增大呈线性增大;对吸油材料受到的黏附力随着吸油圆盘直径的变化趋势进行研究,表明黏附力与圆盘直径呈二次方程关系,随着圆盘直径的增大,黏附力会急剧增大.其次,对黏附力的组成进行分析,研究认为黏附力由分子间作用力、液体表面张力及剪切黏性力组成,对这3种作用力的大小进行测量计算对比,发现分子间作用力为主要作用力,液体表面张力及剪切黏性力比分子间作用力低1~2个数量级.最后,基于浮标正常工作时黏附力应该大于风载荷的原则,将实验得到的风载荷和黏附力随着圆盘直径变化规律推广到大风速和大圆盘直径下,研究了恶劣海况条件下圆盘直径变化对浮标受力的影响,得到了适应恶劣海况条件的圆盘最小直径为38 cm.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51975240,52074157,51271034)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFB0703400)+1 种基金Department of Education of Guangdong Province,China(No.2023KTSCX121)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,China(Nos.JSGG20210802154210032,JCYJ20210324104608023)。
基金the Youth Science Fund Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12102358)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2020M692617)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.3102021HHZY030008)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing of China(Grant No.cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0393)the Young Talent Fund of Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi,China(Grant No.20220512)Advanced Space Propulsion Laboratory of BICE and Beijing Engineering Research Center of Efficient and Green Aerospace Propulsion Technology(Grant No.LabASP-2022-05).