实用胸腰段椎体侧位投照法

X线摄影是利用X线的穿透性和对胶片的感光作用来进行的，一张优质X线片，除了投照位置正确外，需要有标准的黑化度（密度），适当的对比度（反差），良好的清晰度，较高的解像力（分辨率）和微小的失真度。

如何评价X线照片质量

X线照片质量的好坏，直接影响着X线的准确性，对临床能否及时诊治各种疾病也起着重要的作用。质量好的X线照片能清楚的显示出病变，即使是轻微的病灶也容易分辨出来。而质量差的X线照片则可能掩盖真病变或造成假病变，引起漏诊或误诊。因此，在我们的X线摄影工作中要求X线照片必须做到拍照位置正确，选用条件适当，有鲜明的对比度及黑化度，良好的清晰度，最小的失真度，将病变尽可能客观的，真实的反应在照片上。

Effect of temperature on floatability and adsorption behavior of fine wolframite with sodium oleate

The influence of pulp temperature on the floatability and adsorption behavior of fine wolframite with sodium oleate was investigated by microflotation experiments, electric conductivity tests, adsorption measurements, and FT-IR analysis. Microflotation results show that fine wolframite with sodium oleate exhibits a good floatability at pH 8–9. Electric conductivity tests indicate that the high temperature enhances the ionization degree and electric mobility of oleate species, then the flotation recovery of fine wolframite and the adsorption amount of sodium oleate are observed to increase with the rise in pulp temperature. The results of adsorption experiments are found to meet Freundlich isotherms successfully, and the isosteric enthalpy （ΔH^Θ） is in conformity with the chemical bonding. The changes in FT-IR analysis provide sufficient evidence that sodium oleate interacts with the metal cations of wolframite surface, and the increase in pulp temperature clearly promotes the chemisorption intensity. These findings will be beneficial to strengthen the flotation behavior of fine wolframite.

Appropriate titanium slag composition during smelting of vanadium titanomagnetite metallized pellets

The suitable titanium slag composition with high titanium content for electric furnace smelting of vanadium titanomagnetite was investigated through thermodynamics and related phase diagram analysis.According to the thermodynamic results,low-melting-point regions and MgTi2O5primary phase area in the phase diagrams,the suggested titanium slag composition for the present vanadium titanomagnetite metallized pellets should consist of50%TiO2,8%-12%MgO and13%Al2O3(mass fraction)with a binary basicity of0.8-1.2.Finally,the verified smelting experiments were conducted and successful separation of the molten iron from the titanium slag is obtained.The obtained vanadium-containing molten iron contains0.681%V and0.267%Ti,and the obtained titanium slag contains52.21%TiO2(mass fraction),in which MgTi2O5is the primary phase.The titanium resource in the final titanium slag production could be used to produce TiO2pigment by acid leaching methods.

Optimal precursor of the transition from Kuroshio large meander to straight path

We used the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation(CNOP) method to explore the optimal precursor of the transition from Kuroshio large meander(LM) to straight path within a barotropic inflowoutflow model,and found that large amplitudes of the optimal precursor are mainly located in the east of Kyushu,which implies that perturbations in the region are important for the transition from LM to straight path.Furthermore,we investigated the transition processes caused by the optimal precursor,and found that these processes could be divided into three stages.In the first stage,a cyclonic eddy is advected to the formation region of the Kuroshio large meander,which enhances the LM path and causes a cyclonic eddy to shed from the Kuroshio mainstream.This process causes the LM path to change into a small meander path.Subsequently,the small meander is maintained for a period because the vorticity advection is balanced by the beta effect in the second stage.In the third stage,the small meander weakens and the straight path ultimately forms.The positive vorticity advecting downstream is responsible for this process.The exploration of the optimal precursor will conduce to improve the prediction of the transition processes from LM path to straight path,and its spatial structure can be used to guide Kuroshio targeted observation studies.

Interannual variations in energy conversion and interaction between the mesoscale eddy field and mean flow in the Kuroshio south of Japan

Using 19-year satellite altimetric data, variations in the eddy kinetic energy, energy exchanges and interaction between the eddy fi eld and mean fl ow are discussed for the Kuroshio south of Japan. In the seasonal cycle, the eddy kinetic energy level is a minimum in December/January and a maximum in April/May. In addition to seasonal variations, the eddy kinetic energy undergoes interannual changes. The energy transfers mainly from the mean fl ow to the eddy fi eld in the Kuroshio south of Japan, and dominant energy exchanges mainly occur along the Kuroshio path south of Japan in each year from 1993 to 2011. In addition, there is often barotropic instability south of Honshu. Regarding interactions between the eddy fi eld and mean fl ow, cyclonic and anticyclonic accelerations are also found along the Kuroshio path and they fl ank each other. There is cyclonic acceleration always imposed on southeast of Kyushu, and anticyclonic acceleration dominates south of Honshu from 2001 to mid-2005. Reynolds stress is used to explain the dynamic process of energy exchange. Furthermore, lag-correlation and linear regression analysis show that variability of the energy conversion rate and Reynolds stress involve responses to eddy acceleration at two time scales. The enhanced eddy acceleration induces large Reynolds stress, and enhanced Reynolds stress or barotropic instability further enforces energy transfer from the mean fl ow to the eddy fi eld.

Variability of surface velocity in the Kuroshio Current and adjacent waters derived from Argos drifter buoys and satellite altimeter data

By combining Argos drifter buoys and TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data, the time series of sea-surface velocity fields in the Kuroshio Current (KC) and adjacent regions are established. And the variability of the KC from the Luzon Strait to the Tokara Strait is studied based on the velocity fields. The results show that the dominant variability period varies in different segments of the KC: The primary period near the Luzon Strait and to the east of Taiwan Island is the intra-seasonal time scale; the KC on the continental shelf of the ECS is the steadiest segment without obvious periodicity, while the Tokara Strait shows the period of seasonal variability. The diverse periods are caused by the Rossby waves propagating from the interior ocean, with adjustments in topography of island chain and local wind stress.

Influences of Amazonian White and Black Waters on the Hematological and Biochemical Plasma Features of Arapaima gigas （Osteoglossiformes）

The Arapaima gigas, despite being an air breather, its gill structure is quite close to water breathers, especially in early stages of development. The effects of Amazonian waters is well notices in other Teleostei expose to BW （black water）, and WW （white water）. However, information about hematological adjustments and its implications to ionic regulation patters are scarce. Therefore, our aim was to analyzed A. gigas hematological parameters when exposed to BW and WW providing suitable hematological data concerning about physiological responses in Amazonian waters. Fish were acclimated in three separated ponds containing BW, WW and well water as control （C）. Blood samples were taken from the caudal vessel in order to perform measurement assays on levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, corpuscular hemoglobin, corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, glucose, cholesterol and protein. Our findings corroborate the hypothesis stating that BW does interfere on fish adaptation specialy in smallfish （-100 g）. However in largefish （-1,000 g） neither WW or BW can interfere on plasma profile of analysed fish. Despite black water systems being considered a barrier constraining the dispersion of several species, this seems not to be a problem for this specie which has kept its ion-regulatory mechanisms even in black waters.

国产自动洗片机使用及保养体会

目前，自动洗片机已经得到了广泛应用，取代暗室手洗方法，克服了以往手洗X线胶片的速度慢及不方便等缺点，照片黑化度适当，影像清晰，层次丰富，成为暗室胶片处理的一项新技术。要想获得图象清晰、质量稳定的X线胶片，除套药及曝光条件外，还与洗片机质量及合理使用有密切关系。洗片机特殊的工作环境对零部件应有特殊的要求，否则故障率降不下来，因某一设计上的疏漏造成大事故而致机器报废的例子应引以为教训。我院第一门诊部1998年引进HQ-435型自动洗片机，洗医用X线片及CT片等进口医用软片，由于注意保养，取得了很好的效果，现将一些体会介绍如下.

Holographic Duals of Quark Gluon Plasmas with Unquenched Flavors

We review the construction of gravitational solutions holographically dual to N=1 quiver gauge theories with dynamical flavor multiplets.We focus on the D3-D7 construction and consider the finite temperature,finite quark chemical potential case where there is a charged black hole in the dual solution.Discussed physical outputs of the model include its thermodynamics (with susceptibilities) and general hydrodynamic properties.

Self-consistency of a Modification Method Based on Membrane Model with Minimal Length Considered

By adopting a result from generalized uncertainty principles (GUP), we modify the inner bound of the membrane model to a physical fixed value and get the cut-offs naturally rather than by hand, which are both in brickwall model and membrane model, and the semi-classical quantization condition could always be valid as well. We also calculate the entropies of Schwarzschild-de Sitter black hole and find the GUP we choose qualitatively shows that the requirement of mass in this method is the same as the natural requirement of the Schwarzschild-de Sitter black hole,which means the method might be self-consistent.

Predicting the Impact of Climate Change on Vulnerable Species in Gandaki River Basin,Central Himalayas

Gandaki River Basin(GRB)is an important part of the central Himalayan region,which provides habitat for numerous wild species.However,climatic changes are making the habitat in this basin more vulnerable.This paper aims to assess the potential impacts of climate change on the spatial distributions of habitat changes for two vulnerable species,Himalayan black bear(Ursus thibetanus laniger)and common leopard(Panthera pardus fusca),using the maximum entropy(Max Ent)species distribution model.Species occurrence locations were used along with several bioclimatic and topographic variables(elevation,slope and aspect)to fit the model and predict the potential distributions(current and future)of the species.The results show that the highly suitable area of Himalayan black bear within the GRB currently encompasses around 1642 km^(2)(5.01%area of the basin),which is predicted to increase by 51 km^(2) in the future(2050).Similarly,the habitat of common leopard is estimated as 3999 km^(2)(12.19%of the GRB area),which is likely to increase to 4806 km^(2) in 2050.Spatially,the habitat of Himalayan black bear is predicted to increase in the eastern part(Baseri,Tatopani and north from Bhainse)and to decrease in the eastern(Somdang,Chhekampar),western(Burtibang and Bobang)and northern(Sangboche,Manang,Chhekampar)parts of the study area.Similarly,the habitat of common leopard is projected to decrease particularly in the eastern,western and southern parts of the basin,although it is estimated to be extended in the southeastern(Bhainse),western(Harichaur and northern Sandhikhark)and north-western(Sangboche)parts of the basin.To determine the habitat impact,the environmental variables such as elevation,Bio 15(precipitation seasonality)and Bio 16(precipitation of wettest quarter)highly contribute to habitat change of Himalayan black bear;while Bio 13(precipitation of wettest month)and Bio 15 are the main contributors for common leopard.Overall,this study predicted that the suitable habitat areas of both species are likely to be impacted by climate change at different altitudes in the future,and these are the areas that need more attention in order to protect these species.