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浅议黑水靺鞨的勃兴 被引量:2
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作者 魏国忠 《渤海大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》 2016年第4期10-16,共7页
靺鞨是东北地区的一个古老的部族,到隋唐时代已形成为七大部落联盟或部落集团,即白山、粟末、拂涅、伯咄、安车骨、号室、黑水等著名七部。其中"最处北方"的黑水靺鞨,曾趁高丽灭亡后其他诸部"奔散微弱"的时机,逐渐... 靺鞨是东北地区的一个古老的部族,到隋唐时代已形成为七大部落联盟或部落集团,即白山、粟末、拂涅、伯咄、安车骨、号室、黑水等著名七部。其中"最处北方"的黑水靺鞨,曾趁高丽灭亡后其他诸部"奔散微弱"的时机,逐渐地南下西进,先后收容和接纳了如上诸部的残余势力而成功地入据那河(今第一松花江)上中游流域和牡丹江流域一带的安车骨、伯咄、拂涅诸部的故地,甚至于向邻近的达末娄、乌罗护、室韦诸部的地界进行蚕食和扩张,将其势力范围扩展到了今大兴安岭地区和松嫩平原一带,成为当时东北地区的又一新兴的强大政治军事势力,开始步入了其历史发展的全盛时代。 展开更多
关键词 水靺鞨 高丽 渤海 “东征靺羯” 黑水府
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The Natural Forest Protection Program in China: A Contingent Valuation Study in Heilongjiang Province 被引量:1
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作者 Frida Edstrom Hanna Nilsson Jesper Stage 《Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B)》 2012年第3期426-432,共7页
In 1998, the Chinese Government implemented the NFPP (Natural Forest Protection Program), which included logging restrictions, protected areas, replanting, and a range of other policies aimed at safeguarding the sta... In 1998, the Chinese Government implemented the NFPP (Natural Forest Protection Program), which included logging restrictions, protected areas, replanting, and a range of other policies aimed at safeguarding the state of the country's forests and reducing the risk of erosion and flooding. A second phase of this program is currently being discussed. In this paper, contingent valuation is used to estimate the WTP (willingness to pay) for maintaining the program among the inhabitants in Heilongjiang Province in northern China. The results show that, even with fairly conservative assumptions, the aggregated WTP for maintaining the program for another five years is some 3.24 billion yuan per year. This can be compared with the current cost of the Program in the province, which is some 1.57 billion yuan per year. 展开更多
关键词 China Heilongjiang natural forest protection program contingent valuation.
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