黑肺及其菜肴

黑肺,维语称“卡拉布给”,是将羊肺冲洗干净后直接入锅煮熟,通过烹调食用。因颜色呈紫黑色,故称黑肺。 在新疆,维吾尔族、回族、哈族同胞食黑肺历史悠久。传统制法是黑肺煮半熟,切厚片配以熟羊头、羊肠、羊肚、面肺下锅炖。用葱、姜、花椒、干红辣椒、少量孜然、胡椒粒、咸盐调味,食用时放点香菜节。俗称“杂碎汤”,也叫杂烩汤。其特点是味鲜、香、辣、汤色红亮。

Expression and Mutation of MAGE-A3 mRNA in Lung Cancer Tissues

Objective： To inwvetigate the expression of MAGE-A3 mRNA in tissue samples derived from lung cancers and to discuss the possibility of using MAGE-A3 antigens as a new peptide vaccine for inunotherapy for lung cancers. Methods： Tumor tissue samples of lung cancers and paired non-tumor tissues of the lung were obtaimed from 31 lung cancer patients. Total RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized. Nested polymernse chain reaction amplification using MAGE-A3 specific primer was performed to detect the expression of MAGE-A3. The 10 clones of 5 samples of MAGE-A3 mRNA positive PCR products were DNA sequenced by using DNAs sequencer （PE-377）. Results： Of 31 lung cancers, 26 （83.9%） expressed MACE-A3 mRNA. The expression of MAGE-A3 gene was not detectable in the adjacent lung tissues. The DNA sequencing confirmed that the target gene fragment in all 5 samples of PCR products was MACE-A3 cDNA. Point nmtations occurred in 4 samples （8 clones） detected （C^2773→T^2773; G^2807→A^2807） resulting in alternation of amino acid residue in one position （E^143→K）. Conclusion： （1） The MAGE-A3 gene was expressed exclusively in tumor tissues of the patients with lung cancer in China. This tumor rejection antigen may have potential to be used as a new peptide vaccine for immunotherapy for lung eancers. （2） There are two point mutations of MAGE-A3 gene sequence in some Chinese lung cancer patients.

Melatonin attenuates acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury in rats by modulating interleukin 22

AIM： To investigate whether therapeutic treatment with melatonin could protect rats against acute pan- creatitis and its associated lung injury. METHODS： Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups： the sham op- eration （SO）, severe acute pancreatitis （SAP）, and mel- atonin treatment （MT） groups. Acute pancreatitis was induced by infusion of 1 mL/kg of sodium taurocholate （4% solution） into the biliopancreatic duct. Melatonin （50 mg/kg） was administered 30 min before pancre- atitis was induced, and the severity of pancreatic and pulmonary injuries was evaluated 1, 4 and 8 h after induction. Serum samples were collected to measure amylase activities, and lung tissues were removed to measure levels of mRNAs encoding interleukin 22 （IL-22） and T helper cell 22 （Th22）, as well as levels of IL-22.ing IL-22 and Th22 were significantly higher （P 〈 0.001） in the MT group than in the SAP group （0.526 ± 0.143 vs 0.156 ± 0.027, respectively, here and throughout, after 1 h; 0.489 ± 0.150 vs 0.113 ± 0.014 after 4 h; 0.524 ± 0.168 vs 0.069 ± 0.013 after 8 h, 0.378 ± 0.134 vs 0.122 ± 0.015 after 1 h; 0.205 ± 0.041 vs 0.076 ± 0.019 after 4 h; 0.302 ± 0.108 vs 0.045 ± 0.013 after 8 h, respectively） and significantly lower （P 〈 0.001） in the SAP group than in the SO group （0.156 ± 0.027 vs 1.000 ± 0.010 after 1 h; 0.113 ± 0.014 vs 1.041 ± 0.235 after 4 h; 0.069 ± 0.013 vs 1.110 ± 0.213 after 8 h, 0.122 ± 0.015 vs 1.000 ± 0.188 after 1 h; 0.076 ± 0.019 vs 0.899 ± 0.125 after 4 h; 0.045 ± 0.013 vs 0.991 ± 0.222 after 8 h, respectively）. The mean pathologi- cal scores for pancreatic tissues in the MT group were significantly higher （P 〈 0.01） than those for samples in the SO group （1.088 ± 0.187 vs 0.488 ± 0.183 after 1 h, 2.450 ± 0.212 vs 0.469 ± 0.242 after 4 h; 4.994 ± 0.184 vs 0.513 ± 0.210 after 8 h）, but were significantly lower （P 〈 0.01） than those for samples in the SAP group at each time point （1.088 ± 0.187 vs 1.969 ± 0.290 after 1 h; 2.450 ± 0.212 vs 3.344 ± 0.386 after 4 h; 4.994 ± 0.184 vs 6.981 ± 0.301 after 8 h）. The severity of SAP increased significantly （P 〈 0.01） over time in the SAP group （1.088 ± 0.187 vs 2.450 ± 0.212 between 1 h and 4 h after inducing pancreatitis; and 2.450 ± 0.212 vs 4.994 ± 0.184 between 4 and 8 h after inducing pan- creatitis）. CONCLUSION： Melatonin protects rats against acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury, probably through the upregulation of IL-22 and Th22, which increases the innate immunity of tissue cells and enhances their regeneration.

Breast metastasis from lung cancer：a report of two cases and literature review

Breast metastasis from extra-mammary malignancy is rare. An incidence of 0.4% to 1.3% has been reported in literature. The primary malignancies that most commonly metastasize to the breast are leukemia, lymphoma, and malignant melanoma. In this report, two cases of pulmonary metastasis to the breast were presented. A 40-year-old female manifested a right breast mass of 2-month duration. After physical examination was performed, a poorly defined mass was noted in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast. Another 49-year-old female manifested right breast mass of 5-day duration. A poorly defined mass was noted in the lower inner quadrant of the right breast. Mammography results also revealed breast cancer. The patients underwent local excision. After histological and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted, a primary lung carcinoma that metastasized to the breast was diagnosed. An accurate differentiation of metastasis to the breast from primary breast cancer is very important because the treatment and prognosis of the two differ significantly.