Karyotype analysis of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. was carried out in this study. The results showed that the chromosome number was 2n=2x=24; the arm index was 48; the ratio of the longest chromosome to the shortest one wa...Karyotype analysis of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. was carried out in this study. The results showed that the chromosome number was 2n=2x=24; the arm index was 48; the ratio of the longest chromosome to the shortest one was 1.31; the proportions of chromosomes with arm ratio higher than 2 was 0.08; the asymmetry index was 57.02; the karyotype type was 2A; and the karyotype formula was 2n=-24=20m＋4sm.展开更多
The pollen grain morphology and leaf epiderm shape and microstructural of Rye（ Secale cereal ）, common wheat and Octoploid Trititrigia were observed with the scanning electron microscope（SEM）. The results revealed...The pollen grain morphology and leaf epiderm shape and microstructural of Rye（ Secale cereal ）, common wheat and Octoploid Trititrigia were observed with the scanning electron microscope（SEM）. The results revealed that there were great differences between pollen and leaf epiderm microcosmic morphology in three species. Such characteristics of Octoploid tnticalwere between those of common wheat and Rye. The morphology of pollen grain and leaf epiderm shape counld be used as an index for taxonomy for genera and species, and had somewhat scientif- ic references to identify new multiploid species created by chromosome engineering.展开更多
The chromosome karyotypes of Chorthippus （Megaulacobothrus） aethalinus （Zubovsky） and Ch. （M.） chinensis Tarbinsky were compared. Results show that the chromosome numbers of the two species fit 2n （♂） = 17 = ...The chromosome karyotypes of Chorthippus （Megaulacobothrus） aethalinus （Zubovsky） and Ch. （M.） chinensis Tarbinsky were compared. Results show that the chromosome numbers of the two species fit 2n （♂） = 17 = 16 ＋ XO, in which three pairs of autosomal and sex chromosomes were terminal chromosomes, and the other five pairs of autosomes were metacentric chromosomes. These are diagnosis characters for Chorthippus. However, these two species can be distinguished by the different chromosome formula （CF） and the relative length （RL）. The CF in Ch. （M.） aethalinus is K （2n, ♂） = 6m ＋ 11t = 6L ＋ 6M ＋ 4S ＋ XO, whereas that of Ch. （M.） chinensis is K （2n, ♂） = 6m ＋ 11t = 6L ＋ 8M ＋ 2S ＋ XO. In addition, we also found that the relative lengths of sex chromosomes in the two species were different from each other. The sex-chromosome of Ch. （M.） aethalinus is located at the fifth position and its relative length is 8.33% whereas that of Ch. （M.） chinensis is at the eighth position and its relative length is 5.53%. These results show that significantly different genetic features exist for the two species of Chorthippus.展开更多
The behavior of wheat-rye translocation chromosome and alien chromosome including Thinopyrum and Haynaldia chromosome at meiosis was investigated in two hybrids by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Misdivisio...The behavior of wheat-rye translocation chromosome and alien chromosome including Thinopyrum and Haynaldia chromosome at meiosis was investigated in two hybrids by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Misdivision of translocation chromosome at anaphase I and rye chromatin micronucleus at tetrad stage were observed, A plant with one normal 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome and one 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome deleted about 1/3 of rye chromosome arm in length was identified. One plant with wheat-Thinopyrum non-Robertson translocation chromosome was also detected in the F-2 population of Yi4212 x Yi4095. That could be the results of unequal misdivision of wheat-rye 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome and Thinopyrum chromosome during meiosis. No interaction between translocation chromosome and alien chromosome at meiosis was supported by the data of the distribution frequencies of translocation chromosome and Thinopyrum or Haynaldia chromosome in the progeny of two hybrids. The results may be useful to cultivate new germplasms with different length of rye 1R short arm and wheat-alien non-Robertson translocation tines under wheat background.展开更多
Ultrasound (US)-induced cavitation is an effective way in oxidizing organic contaminants in wastewater either as the independent operation unit or in combination with other oxidation methods. In this paper, black liqu...Ultrasound (US)-induced cavitation is an effective way in oxidizing organic contaminants in wastewater either as the independent operation unit or in combination with other oxidation methods. In this paper, black liquor and filtrate after acidifying and settling were sonicated. The effect of working parameters on ultrasonic degradation of black liquor, such as different combination methods, frequency, power supply, initial concentration, pH, duration time, ionic strength and catalyst were studied. The results were as follows: (1) At the conditions of 40kHz, 100W, 4h, pH at 6 and temperature 30?℃, utilizing US/US-H2O2/US-Fenton, weak-orange filtrate turned to colloid with the increase of time and little sediment produced after settling. Especially filtrate came to be milk white collides and upper water approached to nearly achromatic by US-Fenton. Compared with the US, US-H2O2/US-Fenton COD (Chemical oxidation demand) removal ratio can increase 15%, 30% respectively. Because of more hydroxyl radicals produced in the reaction process; (2) At the condition of 100W and 4h, the degradation efficiency of black liquor was better at 40kHz over at 20kHz. Moreover black liquor can be biodegraded easily. Those based on that the big molecule of contaminants in aqueous solution can be changed into the little molecule with ultrasound (3) At the condition of 40kHz and 4h, the COD removal ratio of black liquor was more higher at 60W than at 80W, while the removal ratio of COD at 60W was nearly close to the ratio at 100W; (4) The initial concentration of black liquor influenced the effect of sonochemical degradation; (5) The variation of pH had no effect on degradation; (6) The longer the duration time, the greater the removal ratio of COD. But this ratio increased slowly after 4h; (7) Adding 0.2g/L NaCl to change the ionic strength of the black liquor, the COD removal ratio can increase 10%; (8) The degradation rates increased by the coexistent catalysts of TiO2, Co2+ and Ag+.展开更多
Evidence for the long-term optical curve variability and colour behaviour of the BL Lac object Mkn 421 is presented. Our results show that the amplitude of the optical variations of Mkn 421 is only about △B=4.7 magni...Evidence for the long-term optical curve variability and colour behaviour of the BL Lac object Mkn 421 is presented. Our results show that the amplitude of the optical variations of Mkn 421 is only about △B=4.7 magnitude in the B-band for its photometric history from 1899 to 2002. The results of optical photometric monitoring of the Mkn 421 from April 2000 to Jan 2002 are provided. During our observation, Mkn 421 shows significant rapid variations and exhibits short time variability of 2.42 hours in the B band. A strong correlation between the B - V colour index and the magnitude in the B band is found. Our charge coupled device （CCD） photometry of Mkn 421 shows that the measured results are in good agreement with the predicted optical variability period of about 23 years.展开更多
Wheat 1BL/1RS translocations are widely planted in China as well as in most of the wheat producing area in the world for their good qualities of disease resistance and high yield. 1BL/1RS translocations are however po...Wheat 1BL/1RS translocations are widely planted in China as well as in most of the wheat producing area in the world for their good qualities of disease resistance and high yield. 1BL/1RS translocations are however poor in bread making, partially caused by a family of small monomeric proteins, ω-secalins, which are encoded by genes on 1RS. Based on published sequence of a rye ω-secalin gene we designed a pair of primers to cover the whole mature protein coding sequence. A major band could be amplified from 1BL/1RS translocations but not from euploid wheat. Using this primer set we conducted PCR amplification by using high fidelity Pfu polymerase on the genomic DNAs and cDNAs purified from a 1BL/1RS translocation Lankao 906. Sequencing analysis indicated that this gene family contains several mem- bers of 1150 bp, 1076 bp, 1075 bp, 1052 bp and 1004 bp genes, including two pseudogenes and three active genes. The gene transcripts were differentially expressed in developing seeds.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31100401)Tianjin Science and Technology Plan Project(13ZLZLZF05700)+1 种基金Fund for Special Science and Technology Correspondents of Tianjin City(15JCTPJC59500)College Students'Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Program of Tianjin City(201610061102)~~
文摘Karyotype analysis of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. was carried out in this study. The results showed that the chromosome number was 2n=2x=24; the arm index was 48; the ratio of the longest chromosome to the shortest one was 1.31; the proportions of chromosomes with arm ratio higher than 2 was 0.08; the asymmetry index was 57.02; the karyotype type was 2A; and the karyotype formula was 2n=-24=20m＋4sm.
文摘The pollen grain morphology and leaf epiderm shape and microstructural of Rye（ Secale cereal ）, common wheat and Octoploid Trititrigia were observed with the scanning electron microscope（SEM）. The results revealed that there were great differences between pollen and leaf epiderm microcosmic morphology in three species. Such characteristics of Octoploid tnticalwere between those of common wheat and Rye. The morphology of pollen grain and leaf epiderm shape counld be used as an index for taxonomy for genera and species, and had somewhat scientif- ic references to identify new multiploid species created by chromosome engineering.
基金supported by the Special fund for basic scientific research project in the central scientific research institutes (Institute of Grassland Research of CAAS)(1610332012007)
文摘The chromosome karyotypes of Chorthippus （Megaulacobothrus） aethalinus （Zubovsky） and Ch. （M.） chinensis Tarbinsky were compared. Results show that the chromosome numbers of the two species fit 2n （♂） = 17 = 16 ＋ XO, in which three pairs of autosomal and sex chromosomes were terminal chromosomes, and the other five pairs of autosomes were metacentric chromosomes. These are diagnosis characters for Chorthippus. However, these two species can be distinguished by the different chromosome formula （CF） and the relative length （RL）. The CF in Ch. （M.） aethalinus is K （2n, ♂） = 6m ＋ 11t = 6L ＋ 6M ＋ 4S ＋ XO, whereas that of Ch. （M.） chinensis is K （2n, ♂） = 6m ＋ 11t = 6L ＋ 8M ＋ 2S ＋ XO. In addition, we also found that the relative lengths of sex chromosomes in the two species were different from each other. The sex-chromosome of Ch. （M.） aethalinus is located at the fifth position and its relative length is 8.33% whereas that of Ch. （M.） chinensis is at the eighth position and its relative length is 5.53%. These results show that significantly different genetic features exist for the two species of Chorthippus.
文摘The behavior of wheat-rye translocation chromosome and alien chromosome including Thinopyrum and Haynaldia chromosome at meiosis was investigated in two hybrids by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Misdivision of translocation chromosome at anaphase I and rye chromatin micronucleus at tetrad stage were observed, A plant with one normal 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome and one 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome deleted about 1/3 of rye chromosome arm in length was identified. One plant with wheat-Thinopyrum non-Robertson translocation chromosome was also detected in the F-2 population of Yi4212 x Yi4095. That could be the results of unequal misdivision of wheat-rye 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome and Thinopyrum chromosome during meiosis. No interaction between translocation chromosome and alien chromosome at meiosis was supported by the data of the distribution frequencies of translocation chromosome and Thinopyrum or Haynaldia chromosome in the progeny of two hybrids. The results may be useful to cultivate new germplasms with different length of rye 1R short arm and wheat-alien non-Robertson translocation tines under wheat background.
文摘Ultrasound (US)-induced cavitation is an effective way in oxidizing organic contaminants in wastewater either as the independent operation unit or in combination with other oxidation methods. In this paper, black liquor and filtrate after acidifying and settling were sonicated. The effect of working parameters on ultrasonic degradation of black liquor, such as different combination methods, frequency, power supply, initial concentration, pH, duration time, ionic strength and catalyst were studied. The results were as follows: (1) At the conditions of 40kHz, 100W, 4h, pH at 6 and temperature 30?℃, utilizing US/US-H2O2/US-Fenton, weak-orange filtrate turned to colloid with the increase of time and little sediment produced after settling. Especially filtrate came to be milk white collides and upper water approached to nearly achromatic by US-Fenton. Compared with the US, US-H2O2/US-Fenton COD (Chemical oxidation demand) removal ratio can increase 15%, 30% respectively. Because of more hydroxyl radicals produced in the reaction process; (2) At the condition of 100W and 4h, the degradation efficiency of black liquor was better at 40kHz over at 20kHz. Moreover black liquor can be biodegraded easily. Those based on that the big molecule of contaminants in aqueous solution can be changed into the little molecule with ultrasound (3) At the condition of 40kHz and 4h, the COD removal ratio of black liquor was more higher at 60W than at 80W, while the removal ratio of COD at 60W was nearly close to the ratio at 100W; (4) The initial concentration of black liquor influenced the effect of sonochemical degradation; (5) The variation of pH had no effect on degradation; (6) The longer the duration time, the greater the removal ratio of COD. But this ratio increased slowly after 4h; (7) Adding 0.2g/L NaCl to change the ionic strength of the black liquor, the COD removal ratio can increase 10%; (8) The degradation rates increased by the coexistent catalysts of TiO2, Co2+ and Ag+.
基金Project supported by an CRCG grant of the University of Hong Kong, Yunnan Provincial Foundation of Science of China （Grant No 2004A0027M） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China（Grant No 10363002）, and the Natural Science Foundation of China Education Department（Grant No 02142）.
文摘Evidence for the long-term optical curve variability and colour behaviour of the BL Lac object Mkn 421 is presented. Our results show that the amplitude of the optical variations of Mkn 421 is only about △B=4.7 magnitude in the B-band for its photometric history from 1899 to 2002. The results of optical photometric monitoring of the Mkn 421 from April 2000 to Jan 2002 are provided. During our observation, Mkn 421 shows significant rapid variations and exhibits short time variability of 2.42 hours in the B band. A strong correlation between the B - V colour index and the magnitude in the B band is found. Our charge coupled device （CCD） photometry of Mkn 421 shows that the measured results are in good agreement with the predicted optical variability period of about 23 years.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973)(No.2004CB117200).
文摘Wheat 1BL/1RS translocations are widely planted in China as well as in most of the wheat producing area in the world for their good qualities of disease resistance and high yield. 1BL/1RS translocations are however poor in bread making, partially caused by a family of small monomeric proteins, ω-secalins, which are encoded by genes on 1RS. Based on published sequence of a rye ω-secalin gene we designed a pair of primers to cover the whole mature protein coding sequence. A major band could be amplified from 1BL/1RS translocations but not from euploid wheat. Using this primer set we conducted PCR amplification by using high fidelity Pfu polymerase on the genomic DNAs and cDNAs purified from a 1BL/1RS translocation Lankao 906. Sequencing analysis indicated that this gene family contains several mem- bers of 1150 bp, 1076 bp, 1075 bp, 1052 bp and 1004 bp genes, including two pseudogenes and three active genes. The gene transcripts were differentially expressed in developing seeds.
