通过采用同时蒸馏萃取和固相微萃取技术，结合气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱进行麦芽风味的定性分析，包括浅色、焦香、黑麦芽3种，采用现行保留指数和美国国家标准与技术局化学（The National Institute of Standards and Technology，NIST）数...通过采用同时蒸馏萃取和固相微萃取技术，结合气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱进行麦芽风味的定性分析，包括浅色、焦香、黑麦芽3种，采用现行保留指数和美国国家标准与技术局化学（The National Institute of Standards and Technology，NIST）数据库能够定性出100种以上。通过采用峰后强度法结合气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱嗅闻出61种化合物，探明3类麦芽中共有物质及各自特有的重要致香物质。风味轮显示2种萃取的定性结果差异较小，能够真实反映出其香气物质。采用芳香萃取物稀释分析法针对同时蒸馏萃取麦芽萃取液进行深入剖析，确定出高达40种的主要关键香气物质贡献强度。对3类麦芽所有化合物进行定性分析并归类，发现醛类比例在10．3％～48．5％；含氮杂环化合物对其浅色麦芽、焦香麦芽香气贡献小，但对黑麦芽香贡献极显著，高达11％；含氧杂环类对焦香、黑麦芽香贡献突出，分别为7．9％、4．4％。醇、酮、酯、苯、其他类对麦芽香贡献较小。此外，麦芽制备中的热处理程度越强，醛、含氧杂环、含氮杂环、酮类数量和含量都不断递增，而醇类不断减少。展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effect of potyamine priming on physiological and biochemical variations of Lolium perenne embryos and seed germination. [Method] With annual Lolium perenne （Diamond T a...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effect of potyamine priming on physiological and biochemical variations of Lolium perenne embryos and seed germination. [Method] With annual Lolium perenne （Diamond T and Grazing-8000） as experimental materials, after priming with 0.5 mmol/L putrescine （Put）, spermidine （Spd） and spermine （Spm） for 24 h and chilling imbibition at 5 ℃ for 12, 24, 36 and 48 h, the effect of Put, Spd and Spm priming on chilling tolerance and germination ability of annual Lolium perenne seeds during imbibition was investigated. [Result] Put, Spd and Spm priming improved the activities of peroxidase （POD）, catalase （CAT）, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and ascorbate peroxidase （APX） and content of soluble protein content under low temperature stress, significantly in-creased the germination rate, and shortened the average germination duration. After chilling imbibition for 48 h, compared with the control, the average germination rate of annual Lolium perenne seeds was improved by 15.5% and 12.0% after Put, Spd and Spm priming, and the average germination duration was shortened by 1.21 and 1.14 d. During seed imbibition, the chilling tolerance of Grazing-8000 was stronger than that of Diamond T. Overall, Put, Spd and Spm treatment could increase the chilling tolerance of annual Lolium perenne seeds during imbibition, and improve the germination ability of seeds under low temperature stress. [Conclusion] Results of this study provided theoretical basis for the application of seed priming technology in the production of annual ryegrass.展开更多
文摘通过采用同时蒸馏萃取和固相微萃取技术，结合气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱进行麦芽风味的定性分析，包括浅色、焦香、黑麦芽3种，采用现行保留指数和美国国家标准与技术局化学（The National Institute of Standards and Technology，NIST）数据库能够定性出100种以上。通过采用峰后强度法结合气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱嗅闻出61种化合物，探明3类麦芽中共有物质及各自特有的重要致香物质。风味轮显示2种萃取的定性结果差异较小，能够真实反映出其香气物质。采用芳香萃取物稀释分析法针对同时蒸馏萃取麦芽萃取液进行深入剖析，确定出高达40种的主要关键香气物质贡献强度。对3类麦芽所有化合物进行定性分析并归类，发现醛类比例在10．3％～48．5％；含氮杂环化合物对其浅色麦芽、焦香麦芽香气贡献小，但对黑麦芽香贡献极显著，高达11％；含氧杂环类对焦香、黑麦芽香贡献突出，分别为7．9％、4．4％。醇、酮、酯、苯、其他类对麦芽香贡献较小。此外，麦芽制备中的热处理程度越强，醛、含氧杂环、含氮杂环、酮类数量和含量都不断递增，而醇类不断减少。
基金Supported by Agricultural Research Project of Guizhou Province([2010]No.3045)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effect of potyamine priming on physiological and biochemical variations of Lolium perenne embryos and seed germination. [Method] With annual Lolium perenne （Diamond T and Grazing-8000） as experimental materials, after priming with 0.5 mmol/L putrescine （Put）, spermidine （Spd） and spermine （Spm） for 24 h and chilling imbibition at 5 ℃ for 12, 24, 36 and 48 h, the effect of Put, Spd and Spm priming on chilling tolerance and germination ability of annual Lolium perenne seeds during imbibition was investigated. [Result] Put, Spd and Spm priming improved the activities of peroxidase （POD）, catalase （CAT）, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and ascorbate peroxidase （APX） and content of soluble protein content under low temperature stress, significantly in-creased the germination rate, and shortened the average germination duration. After chilling imbibition for 48 h, compared with the control, the average germination rate of annual Lolium perenne seeds was improved by 15.5% and 12.0% after Put, Spd and Spm priming, and the average germination duration was shortened by 1.21 and 1.14 d. During seed imbibition, the chilling tolerance of Grazing-8000 was stronger than that of Diamond T. Overall, Put, Spd and Spm treatment could increase the chilling tolerance of annual Lolium perenne seeds during imbibition, and improve the germination ability of seeds under low temperature stress. [Conclusion] Results of this study provided theoretical basis for the application of seed priming technology in the production of annual ryegrass.
