To provide evidence insight into the phylogenetic position of Itea L., we observed floral ontogeny of Itea yunnanensis Franch. under the scanning electron microscope (SEM) for the first time. The floral phyllo...To provide evidence insight into the phylogenetic position of Itea L., we observed floral ontogeny of Itea yunnanensis Franch. under the scanning electron microscope (SEM) for the first time. The floral phyllotaxis is whorled and floral organogenesis follows centripetal pattern. Sepal initiation is in a two_fifths helical order. Petal initiation appears simultaneous, and petals grow at an ordinary rate. The haplostemony of this species arises slightly later than petals but earlier than gynoecium in initiation. Two carpels are free at the early stage of floral ontogeny, but incurve, get closer and become appressed to each other later. Paraffin transverse sections series of gynoecium at anthesis show that two carpels are connate on the ventral side through their entire length. At last, two carpels within the ovary fuse completely, forming two locules separated by a septum, the ventral vascular bundles in two stylar lobes are connected through the parenchyma, and the stigma lobes become fused. These observations are different from those by Bensel and Palser (1975). The gynoecia they described might be not mature, but rather at early developmental stage. We compared floral developmental pattern and floral structure of Itea with its related taxa. In I. yunnanensis petals grow in the way that is different from that of some related taxa such as Saxifragaceae sensu stricto, Hydrangeaceae, Ribes, Brexia . The developing pattern of gynoecium in I. yunnanensis is similar to that of some members in the Saxifragaceae sensu stricto and Hydrangeaceae. The treatment to raise taxonomic rank of Itea from genus to family, Iteaceae, is supported by our results.展开更多
Objective： To explore whether the graft-versus-leukemia （GVL） effects could be enhanced and acute graft-versus-host disease （aGVHD） could be relieved by syngeneic bone marrow mixed with G-CSF-primed H-2 haploiden...Objective： To explore whether the graft-versus-leukemia （GVL） effects could be enhanced and acute graft-versus-host disease （aGVHD） could be relieved by syngeneic bone marrow mixed with G-CSF-primed H-2 haploidentical marrow grafting. Methods： Female L615 （H-2^k） mice were recipient mice and male （615×BALB/c） F1 （6BF1） （H-2^k×H-2^d） mice were donors respectively. Donor mice were injected subcutaneously with G-CSF daily at 0.01 μg/g for 6 days, and splenocytes were harvested on day 7. A total of 615 mice were loaded with L615 tumor cells and received 8.5 Gy （^60Co γ-ray） irradiation three days later, followed by a mixed bone marrow transplantation （MBMT）. The allo-grafts consisted of a mixture of syngenetic plus G-CSF-mobilized （control diluents） H-2 haploidetical marrow cells. GVL effects were monitored by survival time and survival rate of recipient mice. GVHD was assessed by clinical signs of weight loss, ruffled fur, diarrhea and histological changes of skin, liver and small intestines. AIIogeneic chimerism was detected using cytogenetic analysis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） method was used to detect cytokines （IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ）. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting （FACS） analysis was used to detect T-cell phenotype. Results： （1） The mice merely received L615 leukemia cells were all died of leukemia. The L6t5 mice of 3：1 and 4：1 MBMT groups survived longer than those post syngeneic BMT （P 〈 0.01）. （2） The survival time of mice in the G-CSF-treated MBMT groups was longer than that of non-primed MBMT groups （P 〈 0.05）. Administration of G-CSF-treated 6BF1 mice could markedly increase the survival rate of 3：1 and 4：1 MBMT mice （P 〈 0.01） with little or a little GVHD. （3） As the post-transplanted time prolonged, the rates of allogeneic chimerism were decreased. The chimerism rates decreased to zero when the mice died of leukemia relapse. （4） L3T4^＋ cells and relative ratio in both subsets were significantly reduced in G-CSF-treated donor mice. After G-CSF-treated donors, splenocytes from recipients at day 14 post-MBMT showed an increased production of IL-4 and a decreased production of IL-2 and IFN-γ. Conclusion： Syngeneic bone marrow mixed with H-2 haploidentical marrow grafts had a potential way to increase GVL effects, and this GVL effects could be enhanced with little or a little GVHD by G-CSF pretreatment of donors. Improved survival in recipients of G-CSF-mobilized donors is associated with increased IL-4 production and decreased IL-2 and IFN-γ production.展开更多
文摘To provide evidence insight into the phylogenetic position of Itea L., we observed floral ontogeny of Itea yunnanensis Franch. under the scanning electron microscope (SEM) for the first time. The floral phyllotaxis is whorled and floral organogenesis follows centripetal pattern. Sepal initiation is in a two_fifths helical order. Petal initiation appears simultaneous, and petals grow at an ordinary rate. The haplostemony of this species arises slightly later than petals but earlier than gynoecium in initiation. Two carpels are free at the early stage of floral ontogeny, but incurve, get closer and become appressed to each other later. Paraffin transverse sections series of gynoecium at anthesis show that two carpels are connate on the ventral side through their entire length. At last, two carpels within the ovary fuse completely, forming two locules separated by a septum, the ventral vascular bundles in two stylar lobes are connected through the parenchyma, and the stigma lobes become fused. These observations are different from those by Bensel and Palser (1975). The gynoecia they described might be not mature, but rather at early developmental stage. We compared floral developmental pattern and floral structure of Itea with its related taxa. In I. yunnanensis petals grow in the way that is different from that of some related taxa such as Saxifragaceae sensu stricto, Hydrangeaceae, Ribes, Brexia . The developing pattern of gynoecium in I. yunnanensis is similar to that of some members in the Saxifragaceae sensu stricto and Hydrangeaceae. The treatment to raise taxonomic rank of Itea from genus to family, Iteaceae, is supported by our results.
基金"Qing-Lan Project" of Education Department of Jiangsu Province (No. SJS200512).
文摘Objective： To explore whether the graft-versus-leukemia （GVL） effects could be enhanced and acute graft-versus-host disease （aGVHD） could be relieved by syngeneic bone marrow mixed with G-CSF-primed H-2 haploidentical marrow grafting. Methods： Female L615 （H-2^k） mice were recipient mice and male （615×BALB/c） F1 （6BF1） （H-2^k×H-2^d） mice were donors respectively. Donor mice were injected subcutaneously with G-CSF daily at 0.01 μg/g for 6 days, and splenocytes were harvested on day 7. A total of 615 mice were loaded with L615 tumor cells and received 8.5 Gy （^60Co γ-ray） irradiation three days later, followed by a mixed bone marrow transplantation （MBMT）. The allo-grafts consisted of a mixture of syngenetic plus G-CSF-mobilized （control diluents） H-2 haploidetical marrow cells. GVL effects were monitored by survival time and survival rate of recipient mice. GVHD was assessed by clinical signs of weight loss, ruffled fur, diarrhea and histological changes of skin, liver and small intestines. AIIogeneic chimerism was detected using cytogenetic analysis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） method was used to detect cytokines （IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ）. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting （FACS） analysis was used to detect T-cell phenotype. Results： （1） The mice merely received L615 leukemia cells were all died of leukemia. The L6t5 mice of 3：1 and 4：1 MBMT groups survived longer than those post syngeneic BMT （P 〈 0.01）. （2） The survival time of mice in the G-CSF-treated MBMT groups was longer than that of non-primed MBMT groups （P 〈 0.05）. Administration of G-CSF-treated 6BF1 mice could markedly increase the survival rate of 3：1 and 4：1 MBMT mice （P 〈 0.01） with little or a little GVHD. （3） As the post-transplanted time prolonged, the rates of allogeneic chimerism were decreased. The chimerism rates decreased to zero when the mice died of leukemia relapse. （4） L3T4^＋ cells and relative ratio in both subsets were significantly reduced in G-CSF-treated donor mice. After G-CSF-treated donors, splenocytes from recipients at day 14 post-MBMT showed an increased production of IL-4 and a decreased production of IL-2 and IFN-γ. Conclusion： Syngeneic bone marrow mixed with H-2 haploidentical marrow grafts had a potential way to increase GVL effects, and this GVL effects could be enhanced with little or a little GVHD by G-CSF pretreatment of donors. Improved survival in recipients of G-CSF-mobilized donors is associated with increased IL-4 production and decreased IL-2 and IFN-γ production.
