Objective.To search for genomic DNA sequence of the augmenter of liver regeneration(ALR)of rat.Methods.Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)with specific primers was used to amp lify the sequence from the rat genome.Results....Objective.To search for genomic DNA sequence of the augmenter of liver regeneration(ALR)of rat.Methods.Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)with specific primers was used to amp lify the sequence from the rat genome.Results.A piece of genomic DNA sequence and a p iece of pseudogene of rat ALR were identified.The lengths of the gene and pseudogene are 1508bp and 442bp,respectively.The ALR gene of rat includes 3exons and 2introns.The 442bp DNA sequence may represent a pseudogene or a ALR-related peptide.Predicted amino acid sequence analysis showed that there were 14different amino acid residues between the gene and pseu do-gene.ALR-related peptide is 84amin o acid residues in length and relates closely to ALR protein.Conclusion.There might be a multigene family of A LR in rat.展开更多
AIM： To investigate dynamic changes and significance of expression of NF-κBp65 in pancreatic tissues of rats with severe acute pancreatitis （SAP）, as well as BN52021 effects. METHODS： Wistar male rats were random...AIM： To investigate dynamic changes and significance of expression of NF-κBp65 in pancreatic tissues of rats with severe acute pancreatitis （SAP）, as well as BN52021 effects. METHODS： Wistar male rats were randomly divided into negative control group （NC group, n = 60）, SAP-model group （SAP group, n = 60）, and BN52021-treated group （BN group, n = 60）, and each of the above groups was respectively divided into 6 subgroups at different time points after operation （1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h） （n = 10）. By RT-PCR and Western blot, NF-κBp65 mRNA and its protein expression in pancreatic tissues of rats were detected respectively. RESULTS： The expression of NF-κBp65 mRNA dynamically changed in both SAP groups and BN groups. The mRNA level was higher in SAP groups than NC groups at 2 h, 3 h, 12 h, and 24 h after operation （P 〈 0.05）, higher in BN groups than NC groups at all time points （P 〈 0.05）, and higher in BN groups than SAP group at 1 h （P 〈 0.05）. The NF-κBp65 protein level was higher in SAP groups than NC groups at 1 h, 3 h, and 6 h （P 〈 0.01）, and 2 h, 12 h, and 24 h （P 〈 0.05）, higher in BN groups than NC groups at all time points （P 〈 0.05）, and lower in BN groups than SAP groups at 1 h, 3 h, and 6 h （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： The expression of NF-κBp65 in pancreatic tissues is dynamically changed and the changes play an important role in pathogenesis of SAR BN52021 exerts therapeutic effects through reducing the expression level of NF-κBp65 protein in the early stage of SAR展开更多
AIM: To investigate the role of NF-κB in the pathogenesis of TNBS-induced colitis in rats. METHODS: Thirty-two healthy adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups of eight each: normal, NS, ...AIM: To investigate the role of NF-κB in the pathogenesis of TNBS-induced colitis in rats. METHODS: Thirty-two healthy adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups of eight each: normal, NS, model Ⅰ, model Ⅱ groups in our study. Rat colitis model was established through 2-,4-,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) enema. At the end of four weeks, the macroscopical and histological changes of the colon were examined and mucosa myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities assayed. NF-κB p65 expression was determined by Western blot assessment in cytoplasmic and nuclear extracts of colon tissue, and the expressions of TNF-α and ICAM-1 protein in colon tissue were examined by immunohistochemistry. The relativities between expression of NF-κB p65 and other parameters were analyzed. RESULTS: TNBS enema resulted in pronounced pathological changes of colonic mucosa in model Ⅱ group (macroscopic and histological injury indices 6.25±1.39 and 6.24±1.04, respectively), which were in accordance with the significantly elevated MPO activity (1.69±0.11). And the nuclear level of NF-κB and expression of TNF-α, ICAM-1 in rats of model II group were higher than that of normal control (9.7±1.96 vs1.7±0.15, 84.09±14.52 vs 16.03±6.21, 77.69±8.09 vs 13.41±4.91 P<0.01), Linear correlation analysis revealed that there were strong correlations between the nuclear level of NF-κB and the tissue positive expression of TNF-α and ICAM-1, MPO activities, macroscopical and histological indices in TNBS-induced colitis, respectively (r= 0.8235, 0.8780, 0.8572, 0.9152, 0.8247; P<0.05). CONCLUSION: NF-κB plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis, which might account for the up-regulation the expression of TNF-α and ICAM-1.展开更多
The asialoglycoprotein （ASGP） receptor is a wellcharacterized hepatic receptor that is recycled via the common cellular process of receptor-mediated endocytosis （RME）. The RME process plays an integral part in the...The asialoglycoprotein （ASGP） receptor is a wellcharacterized hepatic receptor that is recycled via the common cellular process of receptor-mediated endocytosis （RME）. The RME process plays an integral part in the proper trafficking and routing of receptors and ligands in the healthy cell. Thus, the missorting or altered transport of proteins during RME is thought to play a role in several diseases associated with hepatocyte and liver dysfunction. Previously, we examined in detail alterations that occur in hepatocellular RME and associated receptor functions as a result of one particular liver injury, alcoholic liver disease （ALD）. The studies revealed profound ethanol- mediated impairments to the ASGP receptor and the RME process, indicating the importance of this receptor and the maintenance of proper endocytic events in normal tissue. To further clarify these observations, studies were performed utilizing knockout mice （lacking a functional ASGP receptor） to which were administered several liver toxicants. In addition to alcohol, we examined the effects following administration of anti- Fas （CD95） antibody, carbon tetrachloride （CCh） and lipopolysaccharide （LPS）/galactosamine. The results of these studies demonstrated that the knockout mice sustained enhanced liver injury in response to all of the treatments, as shown by increased indices of liver damage, such as enhancement of serum enzyme levels, histopathological scores, as well as hepatocellular death. Overall, the work completed to date suggests a possible link between hepatic receptors and liver injury. In particular, adequate function and content of the ASGP receptor may provide protection against various toxinmediated liver diseases.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of four probiotic bacteria and their combination on human mast cell gene expression using microarray analysis.METHODS:Human peripheral-blood-derived mast cells were stimulated with Lacto...AIM:To investigate the effects of four probiotic bacteria and their combination on human mast cell gene expression using microarray analysis.METHODS:Human peripheral-blood-derived mast cells were stimulated with Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L.rhamnosus) GG (LGG),L.rhamnosus Lc705 (Lc705),Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp.shermanii JS (PJS) and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp.lactis Bb12 (Bb12) and their combination for 3 or 24 h,and were subjected to global microarray analysis using an Affymetrix GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array.The gene expression differences between unstimulated and bacteria-stimulated samples were further analyzed with GOrilla Gene Enrichment Analysis and Visualization Tool and MeV Multiexperiment Viewer-tool.RESULTS:LGG and Lc705 were observed to suppress genes that encoded allergy-related high-affinity IgE receptor subunits α and γ (FCER1A and FCER1G,respectively) and histamine H4 receptor.LGG,Lc705 and the combination of four probiotics had the strongest effect on the expression of genes involved in mast cell immune system regulation,and on several genes that encoded proteins with a pro-inflammatory impact,such as interleukin (IL)-8 and tumour necrosis factor alpha.Also genes that encoded proteins with anti-inflammatory functions,such as IL-10,were upregulated.CONCLUSION:Certain probiotic bacteria might diminish mast cell allergy-related activation by downregulation of the expression of high-affinity IgE and histamine receptor genes,and by inducing a pro-inflammatory response.展开更多
Abstract Objectives To investigate the tissue specificity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and to determine whether cochlear mtDNA is a sensitive target for ROS damage. Methods 10...Abstract Objectives To investigate the tissue specificity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and to determine whether cochlear mtDNA is a sensitive target for ROS damage. Methods 10 Cu/ZnSOD gene (Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene, Sod1) knockout mice and 16 wild-type mice were analyzed by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results Three deletions were detected in various tissues of Sod1 knockout mice. MtDNA3867bp and mtDNA3726bp deletions were the most visible, and mtDNA4236bp deletion was barely detected in these tissues. There were obvious differences in the ratio of deleted mtDNA/total mtDNA in different tissue. Deleted mtDNA was most abundant in the liver and kidney and less in cochlea, heart and brain. The lowest was in spleen and skin. The ratio in various tissues was 3-20 times in Sod1 knockout mice over wild-type mice. In cochlea, the ratio was about 15. Conclusions Without the protection of Sod1, ROS can lead to mtDNA deletions in various tissues with significant tissue specificity. Cochlear mtDNA is a sensitive target for ROS damage.展开更多
The gut microbiota plays a key role in obesity and related metabolic disorders, and multiple factors including diet, host genotype, and age regulate it. Many studies have examined the contribution of extrinsic factors...The gut microbiota plays a key role in obesity and related metabolic disorders, and multiple factors including diet, host genotype, and age regulate it. Many studies have examined the contribution of extrinsic factors to the regulation of the gut microbiota, but the importance of the host genetic constitution cannot be ignored, lnterleukin 17A （lL-17A）, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is important in the defense against infection and diseases. Here, we investigated the association among IL-17, a high-fat diet （HFD）, and the gut microbiota. Mice deficient in 1L-17A were resistant to diet-induced obesity and related diseases. Compared with the I1-17a^-/1 mice, wild-type （WT） mice challenged with HFD showed obvious weight fluctuations, such as those seen in type 2 diabetes, and hematological changes similar to those associated with metabolic syndrome. However, housing WT mice and Il-17a^-/- mice together signifi- cantly alleviated these symptoms in the WT mice. A metagenomic analysis of the mouse feces indicated that the microbial community compositions of these two groups differed before HFD feeding. The HFD mediated shifts in the gut microbial compositions, which were associated with the mouse phenotypes. We also identified potentially beneficial and harmful species present during this period, and drew net- works of the most abundant species. A functional analysis indicated pathway changes in the WT and I1-17a^- /- mice when fed the HFD. Collectively, these data underscore the importance of the host factor IL-17A in shaping and regulating the gut microbiota, which conversely, influences the host health.展开更多
Transcripts are expressed spatially and temporally and they are very complicated, precise and specific; however, most studies are focused on protein-coding related genes. Recently, massively parallel c DNA sequencing(...Transcripts are expressed spatially and temporally and they are very complicated, precise and specific; however, most studies are focused on protein-coding related genes. Recently, massively parallel c DNA sequencing(RNA-seq) has emerged to be a new and promising tool for transcriptome research, and numbers of non-coding RNAs, especially linc RNAs, have been widely identified and well characterized as important regulators of diverse biological processes. In this study, we used ultra-deep RNA-seq data from 15 mouse tissues to study the diversity and dynamic of non-coding RNAs in mouse. Using our own criteria, we identified totally 16,249 non-coding genes(21,569 non-coding RNAs) in mouse. We annotated these non-coding RNAs by diverse properties and found non-coding RNAs are generally shorter, have fewer exons, express in lower level and are more strikingly tissue-specific compared with protein-coding genes. Moreover, these non-coding RNAs show significant enrichment with transcriptional initiation and elongation signals including histone modifications(H3K4me3, H3K27me3 and H3K36me3), RNAPII binding sites and CAGE tags. The gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA) result revealed several sets of linc RNAs associated with diverse biological processes such as immune effector process, muscle development and sexual reproduction. Taken together, this study provides a more comprehensive annotation of mouse non-coding RNAs and gives an opportunity for future functional and evolutionary study of mouse non-coding RNAs.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the molecular effect of Socheongryong Tang(SCRT,Xiaoqinglong Tang in Chinese) on whole genome level in asthma mouse model by microarray technology.METHODS:Asthma was induced by intranasal inst...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the molecular effect of Socheongryong Tang(SCRT,Xiaoqinglong Tang in Chinese) on whole genome level in asthma mouse model by microarray technology.METHODS:Asthma was induced by intranasal instillation of ovalbumin in mouse.After administration of SCRT on asthma-induced mouse,the expression of genes in lung tissue was measured using whole genome microarray.The functional implication of differentially expressed genes was performed using ontological analysis and the similarity of promoter structure of genes was also analyzed.RESULTS:Treatment of SCRT restored expression level of many up- or down-regulated genes in asthma model,and this recovery rate means SCRT could regulate a set of genes having specific TFBS binding sites.CONCLUSION:In this study,we identified a set of genes subjected to similar regulation by SCRT in asthma model in mice.展开更多
Objective：Autophagy is involved in several neurodegenerative diseases and recently its role in acute brain injury has won increasing interest.Spinal cord injuries （SCIs） often lead to permanent neurological deficit...Objective：Autophagy is involved in several neurodegenerative diseases and recently its role in acute brain injury has won increasing interest.Spinal cord injuries （SCIs） often lead to permanent neurological deficit.Therefore,in this study,we examined the profiles of autophagy-linked proteins （MAP-LC3） after SCI to investigate whether the expression of autophagy contributes to neurological deficit after SCI.Methods：Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used and randomly divided into control and SCI groups.All the rates received laminectomy at T8-T10 level.Those in the SCI group received additional exposure of the dorsal surface of the spinal cord,followed by a weightdrop injury.Thereafter we investigated the expression levels of MAP-LC3,beclin-1,Cathepsin D and the beclin-1-binding protein bcl-2 by western blot analysis at 12 h,24 h,3 d,7 d,21 d and 28 d.One-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test was used to compare data between groups.Results：We observed significant increase in the level of LC3 （LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ） at 3 d and 7 d after SCI when compared with the sham group.While the level of beclin-1 and ratio of beclin-1/bcl-2 was found to have increased from 12 h to 24 h after injury.Cathepsin D expression was also elevated at 7 d （P＜0.01）.Conclusion：Based on the above mentioned data,we proposed that autophagy plays a role in the manifestation of cell injury following SCI.展开更多
文摘Objective.To search for genomic DNA sequence of the augmenter of liver regeneration(ALR)of rat.Methods.Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)with specific primers was used to amp lify the sequence from the rat genome.Results.A piece of genomic DNA sequence and a p iece of pseudogene of rat ALR were identified.The lengths of the gene and pseudogene are 1508bp and 442bp,respectively.The ALR gene of rat includes 3exons and 2introns.The 442bp DNA sequence may represent a pseudogene or a ALR-related peptide.Predicted amino acid sequence analysis showed that there were 14different amino acid residues between the gene and pseu do-gene.ALR-related peptide is 84amin o acid residues in length and relates closely to ALR protein.Conclusion.There might be a multigene family of A LR in rat.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30300465
文摘AIM： To investigate dynamic changes and significance of expression of NF-κBp65 in pancreatic tissues of rats with severe acute pancreatitis （SAP）, as well as BN52021 effects. METHODS： Wistar male rats were randomly divided into negative control group （NC group, n = 60）, SAP-model group （SAP group, n = 60）, and BN52021-treated group （BN group, n = 60）, and each of the above groups was respectively divided into 6 subgroups at different time points after operation （1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h） （n = 10）. By RT-PCR and Western blot, NF-κBp65 mRNA and its protein expression in pancreatic tissues of rats were detected respectively. RESULTS： The expression of NF-κBp65 mRNA dynamically changed in both SAP groups and BN groups. The mRNA level was higher in SAP groups than NC groups at 2 h, 3 h, 12 h, and 24 h after operation （P 〈 0.05）, higher in BN groups than NC groups at all time points （P 〈 0.05）, and higher in BN groups than SAP group at 1 h （P 〈 0.05）. The NF-κBp65 protein level was higher in SAP groups than NC groups at 1 h, 3 h, and 6 h （P 〈 0.01）, and 2 h, 12 h, and 24 h （P 〈 0.05）, higher in BN groups than NC groups at all time points （P 〈 0.05）, and lower in BN groups than SAP groups at 1 h, 3 h, and 6 h （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： The expression of NF-κBp65 in pancreatic tissues is dynamically changed and the changes play an important role in pathogenesis of SAR BN52021 exerts therapeutic effects through reducing the expression level of NF-κBp65 protein in the early stage of SAR
文摘AIM: To investigate the role of NF-κB in the pathogenesis of TNBS-induced colitis in rats. METHODS: Thirty-two healthy adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups of eight each: normal, NS, model Ⅰ, model Ⅱ groups in our study. Rat colitis model was established through 2-,4-,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) enema. At the end of four weeks, the macroscopical and histological changes of the colon were examined and mucosa myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities assayed. NF-κB p65 expression was determined by Western blot assessment in cytoplasmic and nuclear extracts of colon tissue, and the expressions of TNF-α and ICAM-1 protein in colon tissue were examined by immunohistochemistry. The relativities between expression of NF-κB p65 and other parameters were analyzed. RESULTS: TNBS enema resulted in pronounced pathological changes of colonic mucosa in model Ⅱ group (macroscopic and histological injury indices 6.25±1.39 and 6.24±1.04, respectively), which were in accordance with the significantly elevated MPO activity (1.69±0.11). And the nuclear level of NF-κB and expression of TNF-α, ICAM-1 in rats of model II group were higher than that of normal control (9.7±1.96 vs1.7±0.15, 84.09±14.52 vs 16.03±6.21, 77.69±8.09 vs 13.41±4.91 P<0.01), Linear correlation analysis revealed that there were strong correlations between the nuclear level of NF-κB and the tissue positive expression of TNF-α and ICAM-1, MPO activities, macroscopical and histological indices in TNBS-induced colitis, respectively (r= 0.8235, 0.8780, 0.8572, 0.9152, 0.8247; P<0.05). CONCLUSION: NF-κB plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis, which might account for the up-regulation the expression of TNF-α and ICAM-1.
基金Supported by The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholismthe Department of Veterans Affairs
文摘The asialoglycoprotein （ASGP） receptor is a wellcharacterized hepatic receptor that is recycled via the common cellular process of receptor-mediated endocytosis （RME）. The RME process plays an integral part in the proper trafficking and routing of receptors and ligands in the healthy cell. Thus, the missorting or altered transport of proteins during RME is thought to play a role in several diseases associated with hepatocyte and liver dysfunction. Previously, we examined in detail alterations that occur in hepatocellular RME and associated receptor functions as a result of one particular liver injury, alcoholic liver disease （ALD）. The studies revealed profound ethanol- mediated impairments to the ASGP receptor and the RME process, indicating the importance of this receptor and the maintenance of proper endocytic events in normal tissue. To further clarify these observations, studies were performed utilizing knockout mice （lacking a functional ASGP receptor） to which were administered several liver toxicants. In addition to alcohol, we examined the effects following administration of anti- Fas （CD95） antibody, carbon tetrachloride （CCh） and lipopolysaccharide （LPS）/galactosamine. The results of these studies demonstrated that the knockout mice sustained enhanced liver injury in response to all of the treatments, as shown by increased indices of liver damage, such as enhancement of serum enzyme levels, histopathological scores, as well as hepatocellular death. Overall, the work completed to date suggests a possible link between hepatic receptors and liver injury. In particular, adequate function and content of the ASGP receptor may provide protection against various toxinmediated liver diseases.
基金Supported by Valio Research Centre,the Foundation for Nutrition Research,Academy of Finland Research Council for Biosciences and Environment,Grant No.129954Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (TEKES) grant No.2243/31/05
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of four probiotic bacteria and their combination on human mast cell gene expression using microarray analysis.METHODS:Human peripheral-blood-derived mast cells were stimulated with Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L.rhamnosus) GG (LGG),L.rhamnosus Lc705 (Lc705),Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp.shermanii JS (PJS) and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp.lactis Bb12 (Bb12) and their combination for 3 or 24 h,and were subjected to global microarray analysis using an Affymetrix GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array.The gene expression differences between unstimulated and bacteria-stimulated samples were further analyzed with GOrilla Gene Enrichment Analysis and Visualization Tool and MeV Multiexperiment Viewer-tool.RESULTS:LGG and Lc705 were observed to suppress genes that encoded allergy-related high-affinity IgE receptor subunits α and γ (FCER1A and FCER1G,respectively) and histamine H4 receptor.LGG,Lc705 and the combination of four probiotics had the strongest effect on the expression of genes involved in mast cell immune system regulation,and on several genes that encoded proteins with a pro-inflammatory impact,such as interleukin (IL)-8 and tumour necrosis factor alpha.Also genes that encoded proteins with anti-inflammatory functions,such as IL-10,were upregulated.CONCLUSION:Certain probiotic bacteria might diminish mast cell allergy-related activation by downregulation of the expression of high-affinity IgE and histamine receptor genes,and by inducing a pro-inflammatory response.
基金NationalOutstandingYouthSciencesFoundation (No 3972 5 0 2 6)andPostdoctoralSciencesFoundationofChina (No 2 0 0 0 2 3)
文摘Abstract Objectives To investigate the tissue specificity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and to determine whether cochlear mtDNA is a sensitive target for ROS damage. Methods 10 Cu/ZnSOD gene (Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene, Sod1) knockout mice and 16 wild-type mice were analyzed by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results Three deletions were detected in various tissues of Sod1 knockout mice. MtDNA3867bp and mtDNA3726bp deletions were the most visible, and mtDNA4236bp deletion was barely detected in these tissues. There were obvious differences in the ratio of deleted mtDNA/total mtDNA in different tissue. Deleted mtDNA was most abundant in the liver and kidney and less in cochlea, heart and brain. The lowest was in spleen and skin. The ratio in various tissues was 3-20 times in Sod1 knockout mice over wild-type mice. In cochlea, the ratio was about 15. Conclusions Without the protection of Sod1, ROS can lead to mtDNA deletions in various tissues with significant tissue specificity. Cochlear mtDNA is a sensitive target for ROS damage.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program (2015AA020702)
文摘The gut microbiota plays a key role in obesity and related metabolic disorders, and multiple factors including diet, host genotype, and age regulate it. Many studies have examined the contribution of extrinsic factors to the regulation of the gut microbiota, but the importance of the host genetic constitution cannot be ignored, lnterleukin 17A （lL-17A）, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is important in the defense against infection and diseases. Here, we investigated the association among IL-17, a high-fat diet （HFD）, and the gut microbiota. Mice deficient in 1L-17A were resistant to diet-induced obesity and related diseases. Compared with the I1-17a^-/1 mice, wild-type （WT） mice challenged with HFD showed obvious weight fluctuations, such as those seen in type 2 diabetes, and hematological changes similar to those associated with metabolic syndrome. However, housing WT mice and Il-17a^-/- mice together signifi- cantly alleviated these symptoms in the WT mice. A metagenomic analysis of the mouse feces indicated that the microbial community compositions of these two groups differed before HFD feeding. The HFD mediated shifts in the gut microbial compositions, which were associated with the mouse phenotypes. We also identified potentially beneficial and harmful species present during this period, and drew net- works of the most abundant species. A functional analysis indicated pathway changes in the WT and I1-17a^- /- mice when fed the HFD. Collectively, these data underscore the importance of the host factor IL-17A in shaping and regulating the gut microbiota, which conversely, influences the host health.
基金supported by grants from Natural Science Foundation of China (31271385)Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-EW-R-01-04)
文摘Transcripts are expressed spatially and temporally and they are very complicated, precise and specific; however, most studies are focused on protein-coding related genes. Recently, massively parallel c DNA sequencing(RNA-seq) has emerged to be a new and promising tool for transcriptome research, and numbers of non-coding RNAs, especially linc RNAs, have been widely identified and well characterized as important regulators of diverse biological processes. In this study, we used ultra-deep RNA-seq data from 15 mouse tissues to study the diversity and dynamic of non-coding RNAs in mouse. Using our own criteria, we identified totally 16,249 non-coding genes(21,569 non-coding RNAs) in mouse. We annotated these non-coding RNAs by diverse properties and found non-coding RNAs are generally shorter, have fewer exons, express in lower level and are more strikingly tissue-specific compared with protein-coding genes. Moreover, these non-coding RNAs show significant enrichment with transcriptional initiation and elongation signals including histone modifications(H3K4me3, H3K27me3 and H3K36me3), RNAPII binding sites and CAGE tags. The gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA) result revealed several sets of linc RNAs associated with diverse biological processes such as immune effector process, muscle development and sexual reproduction. Taken together, this study provides a more comprehensive annotation of mouse non-coding RNAs and gives an opportunity for future functional and evolutionary study of mouse non-coding RNAs.
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the molecular effect of Socheongryong Tang(SCRT,Xiaoqinglong Tang in Chinese) on whole genome level in asthma mouse model by microarray technology.METHODS:Asthma was induced by intranasal instillation of ovalbumin in mouse.After administration of SCRT on asthma-induced mouse,the expression of genes in lung tissue was measured using whole genome microarray.The functional implication of differentially expressed genes was performed using ontological analysis and the similarity of promoter structure of genes was also analyzed.RESULTS:Treatment of SCRT restored expression level of many up- or down-regulated genes in asthma model,and this recovery rate means SCRT could regulate a set of genes having specific TFBS binding sites.CONCLUSION:In this study,we identified a set of genes subjected to similar regulation by SCRT in asthma model in mice.
文摘Objective：Autophagy is involved in several neurodegenerative diseases and recently its role in acute brain injury has won increasing interest.Spinal cord injuries （SCIs） often lead to permanent neurological deficit.Therefore,in this study,we examined the profiles of autophagy-linked proteins （MAP-LC3） after SCI to investigate whether the expression of autophagy contributes to neurological deficit after SCI.Methods：Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used and randomly divided into control and SCI groups.All the rates received laminectomy at T8-T10 level.Those in the SCI group received additional exposure of the dorsal surface of the spinal cord,followed by a weightdrop injury.Thereafter we investigated the expression levels of MAP-LC3,beclin-1,Cathepsin D and the beclin-1-binding protein bcl-2 by western blot analysis at 12 h,24 h,3 d,7 d,21 d and 28 d.One-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test was used to compare data between groups.Results：We observed significant increase in the level of LC3 （LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ） at 3 d and 7 d after SCI when compared with the sham group.While the level of beclin-1 and ratio of beclin-1/bcl-2 was found to have increased from 12 h to 24 h after injury.Cathepsin D expression was also elevated at 7 d （P＜0.01）.Conclusion：Based on the above mentioned data,we proposed that autophagy plays a role in the manifestation of cell injury following SCI.
