上海地铁环境中鼠害状况及其相关因素

[目的]了解上海市地铁车站环境中的鼠类侵害状况,初步探讨与鼠害有关的相关因素。[方法]2013年上海市运营的地铁线路共有12条,根据地铁线路的运营时限,将12条线路划分为4个等级(<5年、5~年、10~年、15~年),10年及以上的地铁线路数量少,故全部选取,其他等级均按照至少50%的比例随机抽取,共抽取8条线路。分别应用目测鼠征法、拖食法以及D2E鼠情智能监测系统于2013年对抽取的8条地铁线路及站点进行鼠害调查,采用问卷调查以及现场调查相结合的方法,收集地铁运行年限、客流量、地铁车站有无商铺以及有害生物防治公司资质等信息。利用卡方检验比较地铁车站不同调查楼层以及不同功能区域鼠害状况的差异,利用直线相关分析法研究鼠害与地铁运行年限、客流量、地铁车站商铺比例的相关性。[结果]在所有调查线路中,2号线鼠害最严重,鼠征阳性率为12.9%,拖食率为20.0%;地铁车站不同调查楼层之间鼠害的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),地下三层鼠征阳性率为71.4%,鼠害最严重;地铁车站不同功能区域间鼠害的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中涉水设备用房为鼠害最重的场所;地铁环境内鼠24 h活动高峰为上午8点到10点。地铁运行年限(r=0.82,P=0.01)、客流量(r=0.99,P=0.01)、地铁车站商铺比例(r=0.81,P=0.03)以及有害生物防治服务机构资质(χ~2=5.61,P<0.05)可能是造成地铁鼠害的主要因素。[结论]鼠害已成为上海地铁环境中的重要公共卫生问题,应采取长期、系统、连续的监测与控制措施。

Effects of Needle-knife Therapy on iNOS Activity and NO Content in Skeletal Muscles in the L_3 Transverse Process Syndrome Model Rat

Objective: To study on relationship of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity and nitric oxide (NO) content in the injured local soft tissue with injured degrees of the soft tissue in the third lumbar vertebrae (L3) transverse process syndrome model rat and to observe the effect of needle-knife therapy. Methods: One hundred and sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, aminoguanidine (AG) group, needle-knife group, 40 rats in each group. The L3 transverse process syndrome rat model was established, and after treatment of needle-knife and AG, iNOS activities and NO contents and histomorpholocal changes in the soft tissues around L3 transverse process on 1, 3, 7 and 14 days were observed in the groups. Results: Compared with the normal group, iNOS activity and NO content in the model group were significantly increased (P<0.01); Compared with the model group, iNOS activities and NO contents were significantly decreased in both the needle-knife group and the AG group (both P<0.01); And both iNOS activities and NO contents were identical with both local inflammation response and injured degrees of the injured tissue in the groups. Conclusion: Needle-knife therapy can significantly inhibit generation of NO, alleviate inflammatory response and injured degree of the injured soft tissue, improve microcirculation, prevent formation of pathological scar tissue, and promote repair of the chronic soft tissue injury.