VEGF、IL-18和LP在子痫前期鼠模胎盘组织中的表达及影响

目的 通过建立轻度及重度子痫前期SD大鼠动物模型来研究其胎盘组织中血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、白细胞介素-18 （IL-18）和瘦素（LP）蛋白及mRNA的表达差异,并探讨其对子痫前期发病的影响. 方法 采用亚硝基左旋精氨酸甲酯皮下注射建立动物模型,随机分为轻度子痫前期组30例、重度子痫前期组30例和对照组30例.运用免疫组织化学法半定量和逆转录-聚合酶链反应检测各组胎盘组织中VEGF、IL-18和LP的蛋白及mRNA表达. 结果 轻度子痫前期组、重度子痫前期组胎盘组织中IL-18[（142.2±5.8）、（155.4±6.0）]和LP蛋白[（99.5±2.7）、（119.6±6.5）]表达均较对照组[（129.9±2.5）、（88.0±2.1）]升高,而VEGF蛋白表达以对照组（124.8±6.9）最高,轻度子痫前期组（110.5±6.1）高于重度子痫前期组（104.5±3.3）,差异有统计学意义;轻度子痫前期组、重度子痫前期组胎盘组织中IL-18[（86.4±17.2）、（186.2±14.1））和LP [（325.9±24.2）、（396.1±19.6）]mRNA的表达量高于对照组[（63.6±13.6）、（262.6±1 0.1）],而VEGFmRNA表达量以对照组（22.5±3.1）最高,轻度子痫前期组（15.5±2.0）高于重度子痫前期组（12.9±1.8）,差异有统计学意义. 结论 VEGF、IL-18和LP表达变化与子痫前期疾病密切相关;VEGF表达影响胎盘血管生成,IL-18可促进滋养细胞分泌LP,LP对滋养细胞的自分泌起到正反馈调节作用.

“经轻方”干预肝郁模鼠和高雌模鼠的神经递质、性激素的比较研究

目的:复制肝郁动物模型和高雌激素动物模型,并用具有疏肝行气和血的“经轻方”干预两模鼠,比较二者神经递质、性激素值的变化,以探讨临床上肝郁证和高雌激素状态的联系,以及调肝方药的作用机理。方法:用绷带束缚大鼠四肢,外加束缚筒造肝郁模型组;高雌激素组用苯甲酸雌二醇皮下注射造高雌模型组;用经轻方灌胃,用放免法检测大鼠的神经递质和性激素值的变化。结果:肝郁模雌鼠出现了类似高雌状态的E2、P、β-EP升高,而“经轻方”可使两组模型鼠的E2、β-EP均下降。结论:本文结果在一定程度上提示肝郁证与高雌激素状态有相关性。

安徽潜山中古新世一新的模鼠兔类（英文）

命名了中古新世的一个啮型类新属种——胡氏敏兽(Mina hui gen.et sp.nov.)。新属种的正型标本为可能属于同一个体的前颌骨和上颌骨,采自安徽省潜山县古井乡傅家山嘴中古新统望虎墩组上段上部。属名来源于周明镇先生的曾用名周敏,以纪念他对我国古新世生物地层和哺乳动物研究的杰出贡献;种名源自胡耀明博士,他为潜山哺乳动物的采集和研究做出过重要贡献。胡氏敏兽的特征如下:中等大小的模鼠兔类,上齿列齿式2·0·3·3;第一对门齿(d12)增大,无齿根、终生生长,釉质层双层,仅限于唇侧,表面无纵向浅沟;上颊齿列外缘显著凸出;颧弓前根后缘位于M1—M2之间,眶下孔位置低。以传统的模鼠兔目(Mimotonida)而论,它包括两个科:单型科模鼠兔科(Mimotonidae)只有模鼠兔(Mimotona)一属;模兔科(Mimolagidae)则包括模兔(Mimolagus),Gomphos,Anatolimys,敏兽和可能的Amar。在已知模鼠兔类中,模鼠兔很可能代表原始的兔形类祖先的"形态型",而模兔科则代表向兔形类进化的分支上分化出来的旁枝。晓鼠(Heomys)、模鼠兔和敏兽的共存说明啮形类在中古新世时已经分化。

“经轻方”干预肝郁雌模鼠和高雌模鼠β-EP的比较研究

目的:复制肝郁动物模型和高雌激素动物模型,并用具有疏肝行气和血的“经轻方”干预两模鼠,并比较二者下丘脑神经递质β-内啡肽(β-EP)值的变化,以探讨临床上肝郁证和高雌激素状态的联系,以及调肝方药的作用机理。方法:用绷带束缚大鼠四肢,外加束缚筒造肝郁模型组;高雌激素组用苯甲酸雌二醇皮下注射造高雌模型组;同时用中药汤剂灌胃造相应的中药组,用放免法检测大鼠下丘脑β-EP值的变化。结果:肝郁、高雌激素都能升高模鼠下丘脑β-EP值,中药能够降低模型组的下丘脑β-EP值,使之接近空白组水平。结论:本研究可在一定程度上认为肝郁证与高雌激素状态有相关性,下丘脑β-EP值呈现出同样的作用趋势,调肝方药对模鼠下丘脑β-EP值有一定的干预作用。

鼠笼转子铸铝模表面裂纹的分析及材料优化

结合鼠笼转子铸铝模的工作条件,分析出其表面裂纹产生的主要原因是受急热急冷的循环过程产生的热应力而造成的热疲劳破坏。为了提高铸铝模的热疲劳抗力,将原用材料3Cr2W8V改用新材料4Cr5MoSiV1。经过在实际生产中应用,跟踪检测证实,鼠笼转子铸铝模采用新型模具材料后,使用寿命提高了10倍。

益气活血汤对急性心肌缺血模型大鼠治疗作用的实验研究

目的研究益气活血汤对急性心肌缺血模型大鼠的治疗作用并对其作用机制进行探讨。方法采用冠状动脉结扎法制备急性心肌缺血人鼠模型,观察益气活血汤对模型大鼠心电图、血液中肌酸磷酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和二磷酸腺甘(ADP)诱导的血小板聚集率的影响。结果及结论益气活血汤能够有效的抑制急性心肌缺血模型大鼠ST段的抬高,降低CK、LDH含量,抑制血小板聚集率,对冠状动脉结扎制备的心肌缺血大鼠模型有较好的防治作用。

提高鼠笼转子铸铝模寿命的改进措施

以某纺织机械厂使用的鼠笼转子铸铝模为研究对象,分析了导致其产生热疲劳裂纹的诸多因素,给出该厂换用新材料H13、优化模具形状结构、改锻、提高机械加工质量、热处理、预热、控制浇注温度和时间等一系列增加铸铝模使用寿命的改进措施.

鼠笼转子铸铝模表面裂纹的分析及材料优化探讨

随着科学技术的不断发展,对于各行各业都产生了重要的影响。尤其是对于生产加工行业来说,生产技术的进步能够生产出更加优质的产品。以鼠笼转子铸铝模作为研究案例,这种模具被广泛使用在很多机械加工行业,由于它自身的特性和工作条件的影响,造成了鼠笼转子铸铝模的表面出现裂纹问题,影响其使用周期。本文通过对鼠笼转子铸铝模产生热疲劳裂纹的多种影响因素进行分析,针对性的对材料进行优化设计,帮助提升模具的使用性能,促进鼠笼转子铸铝模使用寿命的延长。

东亚地区首次发现原模鼠(Promimomys,Arvicolidae)

记述了在东亚地区首次发现的亚细亚原模鼠(新种)Promimomysasiaticussp.nov..化石产自安徽淮南大居山早上新世的洞穴堆积.原模鼠最早发现于欧洲,一般认为它是科中最原始的祖先类型.我国发现的原模鼠新种以臼齿珐琅质层较厚且分布较均匀,m1的前环构造简单,无釉岛,牙齿褶角圆钝等特征而区别于属型种P.cor和其他已知种,其形态特征显得比欧洲和北美的已知种原始;显然比内蒙古早上新世的比利克模鼠(Mimomysbilikeensis)还要原始.它是迄今我国境内发现的类动物中时代最早、最原始的种类.亚细亚原模鼠的发现对研究类动物的起源和系统演化以及探讨新生代晚期类动物的洲际扩散事件将提供新的重要的信息.

Helicobacter Pylori-induced Gastritis Model in BALB/c Mice Infected With Fresh Isolates from a Human Complex Ulcer Patient

A useful helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis model using BALB/c mice was established for mimicking of human gastritis induced by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). The H. pylori isolates were obtained freshly from a human complex ulcer patient. BALB/c mice were fasted for 24 h and then 0.25 mL of 0.2 mol·L -1 NaHCO 3 was administered after by gavage to each mouse and 0.5 mL of 10 9 colonies formation unit per milliliter (CFU/mL) of H. pylori was administered 15 min. On the 3 rd day and 5 th day, the H. pylori inoculations were repeated. The inoculated mice were sacrificed in batch on the 5 th day, in the 2 nd week, 3 rd week and 4 th week. The gastric mucous membrane near pyloric portion was removed, treated and then cultured under microaerobic condition for detection of H.pylori. The remainders of the gastric membrane were fixed by 10% formaldehyde solution for pathological detection. The results showed that the H. pylori could be separated from the gastric membranes of inoculated mice. Obvious invasion of inflammatory cells in the gastric membranes of inoculated mice could be observed from pathological sections. It can be concluded that the inoculating fresh human H. pylori isolates can produce mouse gastritis. This model of BALB/c mice can be used for evaluating the therapeutic agents for the treatment of gastritis induced by H. pylori.

中国化石讲述兔形类起源与演化

兔形类是现生哺乳动物重要的组成部分,然而有关兔形类的起源、分类位置及其与其他哺乳动物之间的系统发育关系等问题,曾是学界长期争议的话题。20世纪70年代以来在中国发现的有关化石为解决以上争议发挥了重要作用。经研究,安徽潜山盆地发现的安徽模鼠兔代表了兔形类祖先的“态模”,在分支系统上是与兔形目最为接近的化石类群。发现于内蒙古二连盆地的远古道森兔是兔形目中已知最早的代表,因此被誉为“世界第一兔”,也表明了兔形目的亚洲起源。依据以安徽模鼠兔为代表的基干兔形类化石,通过形态解剖学和分子生物学的综合研究表明,兔与鼠系统关系最为密切,兔形类和啮齿类为啮型动物下的姐妹群。近年来,通过综合地层学的工作,在中国内蒙古始新世和渐新世地层中发现大量的兔形类化石,这些化石为探讨兔形目研究中尚未解决的热点问题带来新的可能。

Bronchoalveolar Lavage and Histologic Characterization of Inhaled Heparin in Asthmatic Guinea Pigs

Objective: To survey the effects of inhaled heparin on airway inflammation inguinea pigs with asthma and investigate the possible mechanism of inhaled heparin in the treatmentof asthma. Methods: The asthma in guinea pigs induced by ovalbumin was treated with inhaled heparin.The changes of cellularities in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and the airway walls wereexamined. Histologic examinations were also done in the guinea pig controls. Results: The number ofeosinophils, lymphocytes, and ciliated epithelial cells in the BAL fluid from the group treated withheparin was significantly lower than that of the group of asthma controls (P<0.01). Within theairway watts of the heparin treated group, the eosinophil infiltration was less prominent than thatof the group of asthma controls (P<0.001) and the number of mast cell was significantly higher thanthat of the group of asthma controls (P<0.01). Histologic examination showed that airway damages inthe heparin treated group were mild. Conclusion: Heparin can inhibit airway inflammation andalleviate airway damage in guinea pigs with asthma.

Tetrandrine stimulates the apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells and ameliorates development of fibrosis in a thioacetamide rat model

AIM： To investigate the therapeutic effect of tetrandrine on liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide in rats in vivo and in vitro. METHODS： In vitro study： we investigated the effect of tetrandrine on the apoptosis of rat hepatic stellate cells transformed by simian virus 40 （T-HSC/CI-6）, which retains the features of activated cells. In vivo study： hepatic fibrosis was induced in rats by thioacetamide. Tetrandrine was given orally to rats at doses of 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg for 4 wk compared with intraperitoneal injection of interferon-r. RESULTS： In vitro study： 5, 10 or 25 μg/mL of tetrandrine-induced activation of caspase-3 in t-HSC/CI-6 cells occurred dose-dependently. In vivo study： tetrandrine treatment as well as interferon-r significantly ameliorated the development of fibrosis as determined by lowered serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, total bilirubin （T-Bil） and the levels of liver hydroxyproline （Hyp）, hyaluronic acid （HA）, laminin （LN） and also improved histological findings. The effects of tetrandrine at the concentration of 20 mg/kg were better than the other concentration groups. CONCLUSION： Tetrandrine promotes the apoptosis of activated HSCs in vitro. Tetrandrine administration can prevent liver fibrosis and liver damage induced by thioacetamide in rats in vivo, indicating that it might exert a direct effect on rat HSCs.

Protective effect of curcumin against liver warm ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat model is associated with regulation of heat shock protein and antioxidant enzymes

AIM： To investigate the hypothesis that the protective effects of curcumin in hepatic warm ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury are associated with increasing heat shock protein 70 （Hsp70） expression and antioxidant enzyme activity. METHODS： Sixty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into sham, I/R, C ＋ I/R groups. The model of reduced-size liver warm ischemia and reperfusion was used. Curcumin （50 mg/kg） was administered by injection through a branch of superior mesenteric vein at 30 min before ischemia in C ＋ I/R group. Five rats were used to investigate the survival during 1 wk after operation in each group. Blood samples and liver tissues were obtained in the remaining animals after 3, 12, and 24 h of reperfusion to assess serum alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, liver tissue NO2- ＋ NO3-, malondialdehyde （MDA） content, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, nitricoxide synthase （NOS） and myeloperoxidase （MPO） activity, HspT0 expression and apoptosis ratio. RESULTS： Compared with I/R group, curcumin pretreatment group showed less ischemia/reperfusioninduced injury. CAT and SOD activity and Hsp70 expression increased significantly. A higher rate of apoptosis was observed in I/R group than in C ＋ I/R group, and a significant increase of MDA, NO2^- ＋ NO3^- and MPO level in liver tissues and serum transaminase concentration was also observed in I/R group compared to C ＋ I/R group. Curcumin also decreased the activity of inducible NO synthase （iNOS） in liver after reperfusion,but had no effect on the level of endothelial NO synthase （eNOS） after reperfusion in liver. The 7 d survival rate was significantly higher in C ＋ I/R group than in I/R group. CONCLUSION： Curcumin has protective effects against hepatic I/R injury. Its mechanism might be related to the overexpression of Hsp70 and antioxidant enzymes.

Serial observations on an orthotopic gastric cancer model constructed using improved implantation technique

AIM:To establish a gastric cancer nude-mouse model with improved orthotopic implantation and investigate its biological characteristics at different time points.METHODS:Human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell suspensions were injected subcutaneously into a nude mouse to develop solid tumors,and the tumor tissue pieces were implanted under the serous coat.The nude mice were then euthanized in group every two weeks to observe the primary tumor growth and metastases.RESULTS:Within 2-4 wk,there were no obvious chang-es about the primary tumor in stomach.At the sixth week,the primary tumor began to grow fast,resulting in incrassation of the gastric wall and stenosis of the gastric cavity,and metastases into the liver and lymph nodes were detected.The tumor,which compressed the adjacent organs,gradually became bigger and bigger followed by stenosis or vanishment of the gastric cavity from 8 to 12 wk.There were massive metastases,and the rate of metastasis was 58%in lymph nodes,78%in liver,39%in kidney,and 81%in peritoneum or septum.CONCLUSION:A gastric cancer model is established,which can simulate the clinical tumor behavior and provide experimental carrier for clinical trials of gastric cancer treatment.

Coexistence of hyperlipidemia and acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induces severe liver damage in a rat model

AIM:To investigate the correlation of hyperlipemia(HL) and acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury on liver damage and its mechanism.METHODS:Rats were divided into 4 groups:control,HL,I/R and HL+I/R.After the induction of HL via a high-fat diet for 18 wk,middle cerebral artery occlusion was followed by 24 h of reperfusion to capture I/R.Serum alanine transaminase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) were analyzed as part of liver function tests and liver damage was further assessed by histological examination.Hepatocyte apoptosis was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL) assay.The expression of genes related to apoptosis(caspase-3,bcl-2) was assayed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.Serum tumor necrosis factor-(TNF-),interleukin-1(IL-1) and liver mitochondrial superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),malondialdehyde(MDA) and Ca 2+ levels were measured to determine inflammatory and oxidative/antioxidative status respectively.Microsomal hydroxylase activity of the cytochrome P450 2E1(CYP2E1)-containing enzyme was measured with aniline as the substrate,and CYP2E1 expression in the liver tissue and microsome was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting respectively.RESULTS:HL alone induced by high-fat diet for 18 wk resulted in liver damage,indicated by histopathological analysis,and a considerable increase in serum ALT(25.13 ± 16.90 vs 9.56 ± 1.99,P < 0.01) and AST levels(18.01 ± 10.00 vs 11.33 ± 4.17,P < 0.05) compared with control.Moreover,HL alone induced hepatocyte apoptosis,which was determined by increased TUNEL-positive cells(4.47 ± 0.45 vs 1.5 ± 0.22,P < 0.01),higher caspase-3 and lower bcl-2 expression.Interestingly,compared with those in control,HL or I/R groups,massive increases of serum ALT(93.62 ± 24.00 vs 9.56 ± 1.99,25.13 ± 16.90 or 12.93 ± 6.14,P < 0.01) and AST(82.32 ± 26.92 vs 11.33 ± 4.17,18.01 ± 10.00 or 14.00 ± 6.19,P < 0.01) levels in HL+I/R group were observed suggesting severe liver damage,which was confirmed by liver histology.In addition,HL combined with I/R also caused significantly increased hepatocyte apoptosis,as evidenced by increased TUNEL-positive cells(6.20 ± 0.29 vs 1.5 ± 0.22,4.47 ± 0.45 or 1.97 ± 0.47,P < 0.01),elevated expression of caspase-3 and lower expression of bcl-2.Furthermore,when compared to HL or I/R alone,HL plus I/R enhanced serum TNF-,IL-1,liver mitochondrial MDA and Ca 2+ levels,suppressed SOD and GSH-Px in liver mitochondria,and markedly up-regulated the activity(11.76 ± 2.36 vs 4.77 ± 2.31 or 3.11 ± 1.35,P < 0.01) and expression(3.24 ± 0.38 vs 1.98 ± 0.88 or 1.72 ± 0.58,P < 0.01) of CYP2E1 in liver.CONCLUSION:The coexistence of HL and acute cerebral I/R induces severe liver damage,suggesting that cerebral ischemic stroke would exaggerate the damage of liver caused by HL.This effect is possibly due to en-hanced CYP2E1 induction which further promotes oxidative damage,inflammation and hepatocyte apoptosis.

Improved Method for Pancreaticoduodenal Transplantation in Rat Model

Objective: To improve the method of pancreaticoduodenal transplantation and to establish a more physiological rat model. Methods: SD rats served as donors and recipients. The vein was reconstructed by end-to-side anastomosis between the donor portal vein and the recipient superior mesenteric vein, and arterial reconstruction was carried out by end-to-side anastomosis of the donor to the recipient abdominal aorta. Enteric drainage was performed by side-to-side anastomosis between the duodenum of donors and that of recipients. Results: Fifty experiments were performed. The successful rate of transplantation which restored the recipients euglycemia were 78%. Conclusion: This model of pancreaticoduodenal transplantation in rats was stable and reliable, which was in accordance with the trend of clinical pancreas transplantation and could be applied for further scientific research.

Effect of resveratrol on activation of nuclear factor kappa-B and inflammatory factors in rat model of acute pancreatitis

AIM: To observe the effect of resveratrol on nuclear factor Kappa-B (NF-κB) activation and the inflammatory response in sodium taurocholate-induced pancreatitis in rats. METHODS: Seventy-two male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation group (control), severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) group, and severe acute pancreatitis group treated with resveratrol (RES). A SAP model was established by injecting 4% sodium taurocholate 1 mL/kg through puncturing the pancreatic duct. In Res group, Res was given at 30 mg/kg b.m. intraperitoneally after the SAP model was successfully established. Eight animals from each group were sacrificed at 3, 6 and 12 h after modeling. The expression of NF-κB activation of pancreas was detected by irnmunohistochemical staining, whereas the levels of TNF-α and IL-8 in pancreatic tissues were estimated by radioimrnunoassay. The pathological changes of pancreas and lungs were examined microscopically. RESULTS: Much less hyperemia, edema, dust-colored necrotic focus and soaps were noticed in pancreas in RES group than in SAP group. In RES group, hemorrhage, exudates and infiltration of inflammatory cells in pancreas and interstitial edema, destruction of alveolar wall in lung were significantly less than in SAP group. In the SAP group, the activation of NF-κB in pancreatic tissues was enhanced significantly at any measure point compared with control group (64.23±10.72% vs 2.56±0.65%, 55.86±11.34% vs 2.32±0.42%, 36.23±2.30% vs 2.40±0.36%,P<0.01), TNF-α, IL-8 were also increased and reached their peak at 6 h and then declined. The activation of NF-κB and the levels of TNF-α and IL-8 in RES group were significantly lower than those in SAP group (P<0.01): activation (52.63±9.45% vs 64.23±10.72%, 40.52±8.40% vs 55.86±11.34%, 29.83±5.37% vs 36.23±2.30%), TNF-α (132.76±15.68 pg/mL vs 158.36±12.58 pg/mL, 220.32±23.57 pg/mL vs 247.67± 11.62 pg/mL, 175.68±18.43 pg/mL vs 197.35±12.57 pg/mL) and IL-8 (0.62±0.21 μg/L vs 0.83±0.10 μg/L, 1.10±0.124 μg/L vs1.32±0.18 μg/L, 0.98±0.16 μg/L vs 1.27±0.23μg/L). CONCLUSION: The activation of NF-KB is involved in the inflammatory response of rats with SAP. Resveratrol could effectively inhibit the expression of NF-κB activation, alleviate the severity of SAP through its anti-inflammatory effects and regulate the inflammatory mediators.

Stability of a rat model of prehepatic portal hypertension caused by partial ligation of the portal vein

AIM： To study the stability of portal hypertension （PHT） caused by partial ligation of the portal vein ligation （PVL） in a rat model.METHODS： Thirty male adult Wistar rats were divided into two groups： 10 in Group Ⅰ received a sham operation; and 20 in Group Ⅱreceived partial PVL. Portal vein pressure （PVP） was measured at four time periods： before ligation, 2 wk, 6 wk and 10 wk postsurgery. Portal venography, blood sampling and liver and spleen pathological examinations were conducted at 10 wk after surgery.RESULTS： The PVP was 9.15± 0.58 cmH2O before ligation, and increased to 17.32 ±0.63 cmH2O 2 wk after PVL. By repeat measurement of the PVP in each rat, it was shown to remain elevated for 10 wk. There were no significant differences in the pressure measurements at 2 wk, 6 wk and 10 wk. Varices were found mainly in the mesenteric vein 2 wk after PVL, which were more obvious later, while these manifestations were similar at week 6 and week 10. Portal venography demonstrated the varices and collaterals. There was no significant change in liver pathology. The volume of the spleen was enlarged 2-fold after ligation, and the sinus of the spleen was enlarged due to congestion. Significant sinus endothelial cell proliferation was observed, but no evidence of hypersplenia was found on hemogram and biochemical examination.CONCLUSION： These findings suggest that a satisfactory prehepatic PHT rat model can be obtained by partial ligation of the portal vein, and this PHT rat model was stable for at least 10 wk.