孙悟空龙性浅析

《西游记》中孙悟空承袭了龙一切神通,其"斗战精神"亦与龙一脉相传,故其神通力无可挑剔。基于孙悟空与龙身上体现出的诸多共同品质及广大神通,可以推断孙悟空的神性源自龙性,龙即孙悟空之原型。

霍布斯哲学体系中的人性观探析

霍布斯从自然哲学基本观点和研究方法着手把"人"划分为自然、道德和政治三重生存状态,逻辑地剖析了从"狼性"、"人性"到"龙性"的人性嬗变历程,把人性理解为"狼性"、"人性"和"龙性"的聚合体。在他看来,现实中的每个人既是自然物体,又是国家的建构者,寓居于"自然"与"政治"所勾勒的社会框架内,把自然法与民约法作为行动准则,以有"道德"的角色做人、做事。以此人性观为根据,霍布斯站在为君主制辩护的立场上提出了新的自由观、自然法理论及国家学说。他的人性观深刻影响着西方政治哲学思想。

从龙文化看民族精神

龙是中华民族古老的图腾。龙是中华民族先祖表达人生理念和精神追求的信息载体,具有两个基本的象征意义:其一,龙是“三栖动物”,能潜、能走、能飞,象征多能,表现自强不息的精神追求;其二,龙是由多种动物肢体、器官组合而成的综合体,象征团结,表现“厚德载物”的精神追求。自强不息是英雄主义的基础;厚德载物是爱国主义的基础。龙文化是中华民族精神的文化底蕴。

Computation of elastic properties of 3D digital cores from the Longmaxi shale

The dependence of elastic moduli of shales on the mineralogy and microstructure of shales is important for the prediction of sweet spots and shale gas production. Based on 3D digital images of the microstructure of Longmaxi black shale samples using X-ray CT, we built detailed 3D digital images of cores with porosity properties and mineral contents. Next, we used finite-element （FE） methods to derive the elastic properties of the samples. The FE method can accurately model the shale mineralogy. Particular attention is paid to the derived elastic properties and their dependence on porosity and kerogen. The elastic moduli generally decrease with increasing porosity and kerogen, and there is a critical porosity （0.75） and kerogen content （ca. ≤3%） over which the elastic moduli decrease rapidly and slowly, respectively. The derived elastic moduli of gas- and oil-saturated digital cores differ little probably because of the low porosity （4.5%） of the Longmaxi black shale. Clearly, the numerical experiments demonstrated the feasibility of combining microstructure images of shale samples with elastic moduli calculations to predict shale properties.

Anisotropy rock physics model for the Longmaxi shale gas reservoir,Sichuan Basin,China

The preferred orientation of clay minerals dominates the intrinsic anisotropy of shale. We introduce the clay lamination （CL） parameter to the Backus averaging method to describe the intrinsic shale anisotropy induced by the alignment of clay minerals. Then, we perform the inversion of CL and the Thomsen anisotropy parameters. The direct measurement of anisotropy is difficult because of the inability to measure the acoustic velocity in the vertical direction in boreholes and instrument limitations. By introducing the parameter CL, the inversion method provides reasonable estimates of the elastic anisotropy in the Longmaxi shale. The clay content is weakly correlated with the CL parameter. Moreover, the parameter CL is abnormally high at the bottom of the Longmaxi and Wufeng Formations, which are the target reservoirs. Finally, we construct rock physics templates to interpret well logging and reservoir properties.

Research on Phenotypic Diversity of Different Populations of Leymus Chinensis in Zhalong Wetlands

[Objective] This paper aimed at revealing the rules of phenotypic variation of Leymus chinensis in Zhalong wetlands and providing the scientific and theoretical bases for devising protection strategies of Leymus chinensis populations in Zhalong National Nature Reserve.[Method] Four phenotypic traits of five Leymus chinensis populations in Zhalong Wetlands were comparison and analysis using principal component analysis method and UPGMA cluster analysis method.[Result] There were significant differences among the four phenotypic traits of five populations,the order of coefficients of variation were node number〉plant height〉leaf width〉leaf length;the order of variation degrees of the populations from large to small was KQH,MD,JZ,ZK,TTG population.Results of principal component analysis suggested that the four traits were all factors led to the phenotypic differences among the populations of Leymus chinensis.Leymus chinensis of five populations were divided into three groups by cluster analysis,MD,JZ and TTG were classified as one group,KQH and ZK population were individually classified as one group.[Conclusion] Leymus chinensis had large-scale phenotypic variations and showed strong adaptability to different habitats,which was very important for selection,breeding of fine varieties and germplasm conservation.

Landscape pattern and diversity of natural secondary forests in the eastern mountainous region, northeast China:A case study of Mao'ershan region in Heilongjiang Province

Mao抏rshan region is a representative natural secondary forested region in the eastern mountainous region, north-east of China. Under the support of ARC/INFO, the landscape pattern and landscape diversity of Maoerhshan region were studied by combining the forest type map (1:10000), which was drawn from the aerial photographs (1999), field investigation and land utilization map (1:10000). The selected indices included patch number, patch size, patch density index, richness index, dominance index, evenness index and diversity index. The results showed that the landscape dominant forest type in Mao抏rshan region was softwood broad-leaved forest. In all landscape types, the average patch area of natural secondary for-ests was bigger than that of artificial forest. The patch density index of each landscape formed in artificial forest was higher than that of natural secondary forest. The landscape diversity index and landscape evenness index of natural forest were highest, the landscape heterogeneity was also, but the landscape dominance was lower. In natural forest, the control effects of landscape elements on landscape-structure, function and its change were weakened. The artificial forest was on the contrary.

Change of NDVI of Different Types of Vegetation and the Responses to Climate Change in Zhalong Wetland

[Objective] The aim was to explore response characters of NDVI of different types of vegetation to climate change. [Method] Based on NDVI data acquired by SPOT/VGT and meteorological data of five meteorological stations during 19982011, the change trend of NDVI and the relevant correlation with meteorological factors were analyzed in the research area. [Result] NDVI of different types of vegetation in Zhalong wetland kept increasing, especially after 2004. Of the vegetations, NDVI was of significant positive correlation with average temperature, average minimum temperature, average maximum temperature, rainfall and average relative humidity in a ten-day period （P 0.01）. In addition, NDVI responses are of different characters to meteorological factors. The responses of NDVI of vegetations were of lag phase to meteorological factors in Zhalong wetland. Specifically, the lag phase of ten-day average temperature and ten-day average minimum temperature was 10-20 d; the lag phase of ten-day average maximum temperature was 20 -30 d; the lag phase of ten-day rainfall was 20 d; the lag phase of ten-day averager relative humidity was 0-10 d. [Conclusion] The research provides references for further exploration of vegetations’ responses to climate change and formulation of vegetation protection and utilization under background of climate change.

Grain-filling Characteristics of Two Differentpanicle Type Rice Cultivars in Heilongjiang Province

The grain-filling processes at different grain positions of curved-panicle type Longjing 29 and semi-erect-panicle type Longjing 31, two major rice （Oryza sativa L.） cultivars in Heilongjiang Province, were simulated by Richards growth eq-uation, so as to determine the reason of great differences in head rice rate of different rice cul- tivar among different years and to improve the processing quality of different rice cul- tivar through cultivation regulation measures. The results showed that the yield of Longjing 29 was slightly higher than that of Longjing 31, but the head rice rate of Longjing 29 was significantly lower than that of Longjing 31. More grains on sec- ondary rachis branch resulted in lower plumpness, lower seed-setting rate and lower milled rice rate of Longjing 29. The grain-filling rates at the six grain positions of Longjing 31 reached the peaks simultaneously, so the synchronous grain filling char- acteristic of Longjing 31 was more obvious. The grain-filling rate on the primary rachis branch of Longjing 31 was higher, and it reached the peak in the middle peri- od. Although the grain-filling rate on the secondary rachis branch of Longjing 31 was lower, it early reached the peak. In addition, the middle and late filling period of Longjing 31 was longer, resulting in plump and compact grains on the secondary rachis branch of Longjing 31. After the grain-filling rate on the primary rachis branch was decreased, the grain-filling rate on the secondary rachis branch of Longjing 29 started to be increased greatly, characterized by asynchronous grain filling. In the early grain filling stage, the grains on the upper, middle and basal secondary rachis branch were all significantly suppressed by those on the primary rachis branch of Longjing 29. The initial growth potential and maximum filling rate of grains on the secondary rachis branch of Longjing 29 were all lower. The grain-filling rate on the secondary rachis branch of Longjing 29 late reached the peak. Even worse, the mid- dle and late filling period of Longjing 29 was shorter. Therefore, the grains of Longjing 29 had poor plumpness. Synchronous grain filling led to small difference in grain quality within the same panicle, and this was also the reason for stable head rice rate of Longjing 31 among different years. In contrast, asynchronous grain filling led to great difference in grain quality within the same panicle of Longjing 29. In addi- tion, low temperature often occurred during the fast filling of grains on the secondary rachis branch of Longjing 29. Thus, the head rice rate of Longjing 29 was decreased.

Characteristics and the Issue of Eco-safety for the Plant Biodiversity in Longtan Nature Reserve

The characteristic and status quo of plant biodiversity in Longtan Nature Reserve was evaluated from the three aspects of species diversity, genetic diversity and ecosystem dioversity. And the primary eco-safety influencing factors for plant biodiversity in Longtan nature reserve were put forward. The results show that the plant species in Longtan Nature Reserve was abundant, including 2 821 species of vascular bundle plants belonging to 1029 genera, 205 families. The main problems influencing eco-safety included the destruction of endangered wild plants and exotic species invasion.

Optimization of conditions for tetraspore release and assessment of photosynthetic activities for different generation branches of Gracilaria lemaneiformis Bory

Gracilaria lemaneiformis Bory is an economically important alga that is primarily used for agar production.Although tetraspores are ideal seeds for the cultivation of G.lemaneiformis,the most popular culture method is currently based on vegetative fragments,which is labor-intensive and time-consuming.In this study,we optimized the conditions for tetraspore release and evaluated the photosynthetic activities of different colonies formed from the branches of G.lemaneiformis using a PAM(pulse-amplitude-modulated) measuring system.The results showed that variations in temperature and salinityhad significant effects on tetraspore yield.However,variations in the photon flux density(from 15 μmol m-2 s-1 to 480 μmol m-2 s-1) had no apparent effect on tetraspore yield.Moreover,the PAM-parameters Y(I),Y(Ⅱ),ETR(I),ETR(Ⅱ) and Fv/Fm of colonies formed from different branches showed the same trend:parameter values of first generation branches>second generation branches>third generation branches.These results suggest that the photosynthetic activities of different colonies of branches changed with the same trend.Furthermore,photosynthesis in G.lemaneiformis was found to be involved in vegetative reproduction and tetraspore formation.Finally,the first generation branches grew slowly,but accumulated organic compounds to form large numbers of tetraspores.Taken together,these results showed that the first generation branches are ideal materials for the release of tetraspores.

Research progress of high temperature resistant nylon 10T

Researches about synthesis and modification of nylon 10T(PA10T)in domestic universities and scientific research institutions are reviewed in this paper.The results show that,due to the different performance requirements,PA10T is studied from the co-polymerization,blending modification and filling modification of these three aspects.Meanwhile,the existing problems are analyzed and the development prospect of PA10T is predicted.

Characteristics of nutrients in the Jiulong River and its impact on Xiamen Water, China

Water samples were collected at 20 sites on 4 occasions in 2009 （twice in May, and once in both August and November） along the Jiulong River, South China to examine how nutrient inputs from the Jiulong River could affect the nutrient status of the Xiamen Water. Samples were analyzed for nitrite （NO2-N）, nitrate （NO3-N）, ammonium （NH4-N）, phosphate （PO4-P）, silicate （SiO3-Si）, salinity, and temperature, to determine the nutrient and trophic status of the river. The results indicate that nutrients are derived mainly from river runoff. NO3-N was the main form of DIN in most parts of the river. In addition, NO3-N, DIN, and SiO3-Si behave conservatively. There is a surplus of DIN and SiO3-Si in the river, and PO4-P is a limitation on phytoplankton growth. The concentration of DIN is typically above 0.60 mg/dm3, and higher than 1.00 mg/dm3 in most parts of the river. The concentration of PO4-P is typically above 0.02 mg/dm3, while the concentration of SiO3-Si is higher than 1.00 rag/din3. Between 2003 and 2008, samples were collected 3 times per year （May, August and November） at 27 sites in the Xiamen Water and analyzed for NO2-N, NO3-N, NH4-N, PO4-P, salinity, and temperature. We discovered that the Jiulong River was the key source of DIN into the Xiamen Water, but not PO4-P, indicating the reason of the N/P molar ratio imbalance in the Xiamen Water. In the future, the effects of high DIN concentrations on the phytoplankton communities and marine ecosystems of the Xiamen Water shall be studied.

Treatment of radiation-induced hemorrhagic gastritis with prednisolone:A case report

Radiation-induced gastritis is an infrequent cause of gastrointestinal bleeding.It is a serious complication arising from radiation therapy,and the standard treatment method has not been established.The initial injury is characteristically acute inflammation of gastric mucosa.We presented a 46-year-old male patient with hemorrhagic gastritis induced by external radiotherapy for metastatic retroperitoneal lymph node of hepatocellular carcinoma.The endoscopic examination showed diffuse edematous hyperemicmucosa with telangiectasias in the whole muscosa of the stomach and duodenal bulb.Multiple hemorrhagic patches with active oozing were found over the antrum.Anti-secretary therapy was initiated for hemostasis,but melena still occurred off and on.Finally,he was successfully treated by prednisolone therapy.We therefore strongly argue in favor of perdnisolone therapy to effectively treat patients with radiation-induced hemorrhagic gastritis.

Heart-shaped anastomosis for Hirschsprung's disease: Operative technique and long-term follow-up

AIM: To study the long-term therapeutic effect of 'heartshaped' anastomosis for Hirschsprung's disease.METHODS: From January 1986 to October 1997, we performed one-stage 'heart-shaped' anastomosis for 193 patients with Hirschsprung's disease (HD). One hundred and fiftytwo patients were followed up patients (follow-up rate 79%).The operative outcome and postoperative complications were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS: Early complications included urine retention in 2patients, enteritis in 10, anastomotic stricture in 1, and intestinal obstruction in 2. No infection of abdominal cavity or wound and anastomotic leakage or death occurred in any patients. Late complications were present in 22 cases,including adhesive intestinal obstruction in 2, longer anal in 5, incision hernia in 2, enteritis in 6, occasional stool stains in 7 and 6 related with improper diet. No constipation or incontinence occurred in any patient.CONCLUSION: The early and late postoperative complication rates were 7.8% and 11.4% respectively in our 'heartshaped anastomosis' procedure. 'Heart-shaped'anastomosis procedure for Hirschsprung's disease provides a better therapeutic effect compared to classic procedures.

Digestive enzyme activity and mRNA level of trypsin in embryonic redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarnatus

Abstract The digestive enzyme activity and mRNA level of trypsin during the embryonic development of Cherax quadricarinatus were analyzed using biochemical and Fluorogenic Quantitative PCR （FQ-PCR） methods. The results show that the activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin had two different change patterns. Trypsin specific activity increased rapidly in the early stages of development and still remained high in preparation for the hatch stage. However, chymotrypsin activity peaked in stage 4 of embryonic development and decreased significantly in the last stage. The mRNA level of trypsin was elevated in all stages and two peak values were observed in stages 2 and 5 respectively. The results indicate that trypsin is very important for the utilization of the yolk during embryonic development and for the assimilation of dietary protein for larvae. The gene of trypsin is probably regulated at transcriptional level. The mRNA levels of trypsin can reflect not only trypsin activity, but also the regulatory mechanism for expression of trypsin gene to a certain degree.

Sacred Natural Site and Regional Biodiversity Conservation in Xishuangbanna

Xishuangbanna is a multinational region and different ethnic groups have self-owned traditional ways of protecting biodiversity, represented by Dragon Moun-tain and Hil Cemetery, and Temple Forest. As population increases and economy develops, people’s consciousness of traditional culture is fading and both of the number and area of sacred natural sites underwent changes, undermining the role of sacred natural sites playing in biodiversity protection, especial y for species pro-tection and gene exchange.

Comparison of wear behavior of ABS and Nylon6-Fe powder composite parts prepared with fused deposition modelling

Fused deposition modeling(FDM) is one of the latest rapid prototyping techniques in which parts can be manufactured at a fast pace and are manufactured with a high accuracy. This research work is carried out to study the friction and wear behavior of parts made of newly developed Nylon6-Fe composite material by FDM. This work also involves the comparison of the friction and wear characteristics of the Nylon6-Fe composite with the existing acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS) filament of the FDM machine. This Is carried out on the pin on disk setup by varying the load(5, 10, 15 and 20 N) and speed(200 and 300 r/min). It is concluded that the newly developed composite is highly wear resistant and can be used in industrial applications where wear resistance is of paramount importance. Morphology of the surface in contact with the Nylon6-Fe composite and ABS is also carried out.

Main Characters of a New Flue-cured Tobacco Cultivar Longjiang 981 in Heilongjiang Tobacco-growing Area

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the main characters of a new flue-cured tobacco cultivar Longjiang 981 in Heilong Tobacco-growing area. [Method]With NC89 as the control, the agronomic traits, growth period characters, disease resistance, economic characters, appearance quality, chemical composition and sensory quality of Longjiang 981 were analyzed and evaluated. [Result] Under the ecological conditions in Heilongjiang tobacco-growing area, Longjiang 981 showed robust growth, good fertilizer tolerance and good baking adaptability. It was resistant to PVY, and moderately resistant to brown spot disease. The yield, grade index and output value index of Longjiang 981 were higher than those of NC89 by 12.29%,11.76% and 24.34%, respectively. The proportion of superior tobacco was increased by 5.40%. In addition, Longjiang 981 had good appearance. [Conclusion] Longjiang981 has relatively stable agronomic traits and high agricultural application. However,its potassium content, aroma quality, odor and irritation need to be improved or enhanced further.