Haematological and Biochemical Indices of Finisher Broiler Chickens Fed Graded Levels of Spurge Weeds (Euphorbia heterophylla) Leaf Meal

The study aimed to investigate the Haematological and Serum Biochemical indices of finisher broiler chickens fed graded levels of Euphorbia heterophylla leaf meal (EHLM) also known as spurge weed. The birds were allotted into six dietary treatments of ten birds segregated into three replicates each. The diets formulated with EHLM were included at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% levels in diets 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 respectively to replace soybean. Each treatment was replicated three times in a completely randomized design. Uncoagulated blood samples were collected from the birds at the end of the 56 days feeding trial and analysed for packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentrate (Hb), red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC). The mean corpuscular haemoglobin volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), platelets, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils were calculated using PCV, RBC and Hb. The blood meant for serological analysis was centrifuged at 1000 G for 10 minutes, after which the serum was separated and used for determining serum total protein (Tp), Albumin, Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). The results revealed that the control group had significantly higher values of PCV, RBC, and Hb compared to other treatment groups. However, the values of MCV, MCH, lymphocytes, heterophils, and eosinophils were similar to the control. The biochemical parameters showed significant differences among treatment groups, but not significantly different from the control. The study concluded that EHLM may not pose a health challenge to broiler chickens at levels of 5 - 15 percent, but improved health, immunity and performance can be achieved at the 15% inclusion level.

The Effect of Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Dropping Pill Combined with Butylphthalide Capsule on Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients after Acute Ischemic Stroke and Its Impact on Serum Cytokines

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of Ginkgo biloba extract dropping pills combined with butylphthalide capsules on cognitive dysfunction in patients after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and its impact on serum cytokines CRP, IL-6, and Hcy. Methods: This study selected 76 patients with cognitive dysfunction after ischemic stroke who were hospitalized at Zhuji People’s Hospital from January 2023 to January 2024. The patients were divided into two groups. The control group was treated with butylphthalide capsules, while the combination group received Ginkgo biloba extract dropping pills in addition to the treatment given to the control group. The neurological function, cognitive function, activities of daily living, and levels of serum cytokines CRP, IL-6, and Hcy were compared between the two groups after 1 month and 3 months of treatment. Results: The NIHSS scores, MMSE scores, ADL scores, and levels of CRP, IL-6, and Hcy in both groups showed statistically significant differences compared to before treatment (P Conclusion: The combination of Ginkgo biloba extract dropping pills and butylphthalide capsules has a better therapeutic effect on cognitive dysfunction in patients after ischemic stroke. It can improve the neurological function and cognitive function of patients, enhance their ability to perform daily activities, and reduce inflammatory responses.

基于Python和Kvaser Leaf的TCU配置工具设计

为简化变速箱控制单元(TCU)的配置过程,并提供一种灵活的方式来管理和修改TCU参数。文章提出了一种基于Python和Kvaser Leaf的重型液力自动TCU配置工具,通过使用Python编程语言和Kvaser Leaf接口,经过控制器局域网(CAN)总线标定协议(CCP)和TCU交互,能够实现对TCU的直接控制和配置。该工具配置用户友好配置文件,使得用户可以轻松地浏览和修改TCU参数。实验结果表明,该工具在配置TCU方面具有高效性和可靠性,能够大大提高配置工作的效率,易于扩展且成本低廉。

Humic Acid Effects on Reducing Corn Leaf Burn Caused by Foliar Spray of Urea-Ammonium Nitrate at Different Humic Acid/Urea-Ammonium Nitrate Ratios

Technologies for reducing corn leaf burn caused by foliar spray of urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) during the early growing season are limited. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of humic acid on corn leaf burn caused by foliar spray of undiluted UAN solution on corn canopy at Jackson, TN in 2018. Thirteen treatments of the mixtures of UAN and humic acid were evaluated at V6 of corn with different UAN application rates and different UAN/humic acid ratios. Leaf burn during 1 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 14 days after UAN foliar spray significantly differed between with or without humic acid addition. The addition of humic acid to UAN significantly reduced leaf burn at each UAN application rate (15, 25, and 35 gal/acre). The reduction of leaf burn was enhanced as the humic acid/UAN ratio went up from 10% to 30%. Leaf burn due to foliar application of UAN became severer with higher UAN rates. The linear regression of leaf burn 14 days after application with humic acid/UAN ratio was highly significant and negative. However, the linear regression of leaf burn 14 days after application with the UAN application rate was highly significant and positive. In conclusion, adding humic acid to foliar-applied UAN is beneficial for reducing corn leaf burn during the early growing season.

Physical and Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Composite Materials Based on Raw Earth and Crushed Palm Leaf Fibers (Borassus aethiopum)

The objective of this study is to seek solutions to reduce the impact of buildings on climate change and to promote the use of local bio-sourced or geo-sourced materials for sustainable construction. Different samples of raw earth from 3 sites were taken in the commune of Mlomp. Geotechnical tests showed that the raw earth samples from sites 2 and 3 have more clay fraction while site 1 contains more sand. The fact of integrating fibers from crushed palm leaves (Borassus aethiopum) (2%, 4% and 6%) into the 3 raw earth samples reduced the mechanical resistance to compression and traction of the 3 raw earths. The experimental results of thermal tests on samples of earth mixtures with crushed Palma leaf fibers show a decrease in thermal conductivity as well as thermal effusivity as the percentages increase (2%, 4% and 6%) of fibers in raw earth for the 3 sites. This shows that this renewable composite material can help improve the thermal insulation of building envelopes.

Detection of Cocoa Leaf Diseases Using the CNN-Based Feature Extractor and XGBOOST Classifier

Among all the plagues threatening cocoa cultivation in general, and particularly in West Africa, the swollen shoot viral disease is currently the most dangerous. The greatest challenge in the fight to eradicate this pandemic remains its early detection. Traditional methods of swollen shoot detection are mostly based on visual observations, leading to late detection and/or diagnostic errors. The use of machine learning algorithms is now an alternative for effective plant disease detection. It is therefore crucial to provide efficient solutions to farmers’ cooperatives. In our study, we built a database of healthy and diseased cocoa leaves. We then explored the power of feature extractors based on convolutional neural networks such as VGG 19, Inception V3, DenseNet 201, and a custom CNN, combining their strengths with the XGBOOST classifier. The results of our experiments showed that this fusion of methods with XGBOOST yielded highly promising scores, outperforming the results of algorithms using the sigmoid function. These results were further consolidated by the use of evaluation metrics such as accuracy, mean squared error, F score, recall, and Matthews’s correlation coefficient. The proposed approach, combining state of the art feature extractors and the XGBOOST classifier, offers an efficient and reliable solution for the early detection of swollen shoot. Its implementation could significantly assist West African cocoa farmers in combating this devastating disease and preserving their crops.

In Vitro Efficacy Assessment of Botanical Extracts against Botrytis gladiolorum Causing Gladiolus Leaf Blight

An experiment was conducted at the Mycology laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh to find out the efficacy of selected botanical extracts against Botrytis gladiolorum (Bg) causing gladiolus leaf blight. Infected leaves samples were collected from gladiolus farmers’ field and brought to the laboratory for study. Ten selected botanicals were used against the colony growth of (Bg). The botanicals were Mehendi, Chrysanthemum, Basil (Tulsi), Onion, Neem, Bael, Arjuna, Garlic, Aloevera (Ghritkumary) and Turmeric. Botanical extracts were applied at the rate of 5%, 10% and 20%. The radial mycelia growth was found minimum (11.60 mm) in garlic extract treated plate at the dose of 5% at 5 DAI, which was statistically similar with turmeric extract treated (14.00 mm) plate and the inhibition of growth was 60% and 51.72%, respectively. Similar trend was found at 10 DAI and 15 DAI. At 15 DAI, garlic and turmeric extract gave the best result against Bg, which was statistically similar with onion (50.07% inhibition) and mehendi (49.93%). All botanicals showed significantly different results over control and found effective in reducing the mycelial growth at the dose of 10%. At 5 DAI, no radial mycelia growth was found in garlic treated plate, which was statistically similar with onion treated plate, means that the inhibition of growth was 100%. Similar trend was also found at 10 DAI, and 15 DAI but at 15 DAI, onion (30.20 mm) gave the statistically similar results with Garlic (30.10 mm) and the mycelia growth inhibition was (57.70%) and (57.84%), respectively. In case of 20% dose, garlic extract showed the best result at 5 DAI and the radial mycelia growth was found minimum (00.00 mm) which was statistically similar with onion extract treated (00.00 mm) plate and turmeric extract treated plate. The inhibition of growth was 100%. At 15 DAI, the inhibition of fungal growth was found (73.74%), (71.23%) and (66.90%), respectively with treated by turmeric (18.80 mm), garlic (20.60 mm) and onion (23.70 mm).

施氮量对裸燕麦源库生理特性和茎鞘NSC积累与转运的影响

为探究施氮量对燕麦源库生理特性和茎鞘间非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)积累和转运的影响,2021年和2022年选取穗粒数差异大的两个裸燕麦品种坝莜1号(穗粒数多)和定莜8号(穗粒数少)为试验材料,设置0、100和200 kg·hm^(-2)3个施氮水平,测定和分析了不同氮素供应条件下燕麦叶片光合指标、粒叶比、茎鞘NSC积累量(TMNSC)、NSC表观转运量(ATMNSC)及其对籽粒产量表观贡献率(ACNSC)的差异。结果表明,施氮对2个燕麦品种的籽粒产量具有增加效应,其中在施氮100 kg·hm^(-2)时产量最高。在100 kg·hm^(-2)施氮处理下,坝莜1号的旗叶面积、SPAD值、Pn和籽粒产量两年平均值较不施氮处理分别提高57.57%、80.70%、101.68%和40.15%,定莜8号分别提高43.70%、44.33%、69.49%和37.36%;坝莜1号的ATMNSC、ACNSC和粒叶比两年平均值较不施氮处理分别增加767.25 g、1.96倍和54.55%,定莜8号分别增加859.52 g、8.26倍和43.25%。综合以上结果,增施氮肥对两品种均有显著正向影响,坝莜1号表现出更优的源、库活性,从而获得更高的穗粒数,达到增产目的;定莜8号则表现出更优的源-库关系,增大库器官对源物质的“拉力”,促进NSC由茎鞘向籽粒的转运,弥补生育前期光合能力较弱导致的同化物质生产的不足,从而促进源库协调,提高籽粒产量。

沙拐枣叶功能性状对生境变化的响应

【目的】揭示民勤地区沙拐枣叶功能性状在不同生境的变异规律,探明沙拐枣对干旱荒漠环境的适应策略。【方法】以民勤绿洲-荒漠过渡带沙拐枣(Calligonum mongolicum)为对象,采用样方法采集样株东西南北4个方向中部生长良好的叶片,用土钻采集植株根系附近深度为0—60 cm的土壤样本,比较分析丘间低地与流动沙丘2种生境下沙拐枣叶功能性状特征及相关性,揭示沙拐枣叶功能性状与土壤因子的关系。【结果】(1)沙拐枣叶功能性状的变异系数介于2.39%~24.94%,比叶面积(SLA)变异系数最大(24.94%),稳定碳同位素(δ^(13)C)变异系数最小(2.39%);沙拐枣叶片的全碳(LCC)、全磷(LPC)含量在样地之间存在显著差异,而SLA、LPC在2种生境间存在显著差异。(2)在丘间低地与流动沙丘2种生境下沙拐枣叶片含水量(LWC)与干物质含量(LDMC)分别呈极显著、显著负相关关系,LWC是2种生境下沙拐枣叶功能性状中综合排名前3的共同指标因子。(3)全氮(STN)、pH值和土壤含水量(SMC)是影响民勤沙拐枣叶功能性状变异的主要土壤因子。【结论】沙拐枣通过改变叶片形态和调节营养物质含量,以及与土壤因子的相互作用,以更好适应生境。

基于改进YOLOv3的水稻叶部病害检测

为了解决水稻小病斑检测不准确的问题,提出一种基于改进YOLOv3的水稻叶部病害检测方法Rice-YOLOv3。首先,采用K-means++聚类算法,计算新的锚框尺寸,使锚框尺寸与数据集相匹配;其次,采用激活函数Mish替换YOLOv3主干网络中的Leaky Relu激活函数,利用该激活函数的平滑特性,提升网络的检测准确率,同时将CSPNet与DarkNet53中的残差模块相结合,在避免出现梯度信息重复的同时,增加神经网络的学习能力,提升检测精度和速率;最后,在FPN层分别引入注意力机制ECA和CBAM模块,解决特征层堆叠处的特征提取问题,提高对小病斑的检测能力。在训练过程中,采用COCO数据集预训练网络模型,得到预训练权重,改善训练效果。结果表明:在测试集下,Rice-YOLOv3检测水稻叶部3种病害的平均精度均值(mAP)达92.94%,其中,稻瘟病、褐斑病、白叶枯病的m AP值分别达93.34%、89.68%、95.80%,相较于YOLOv3,Rice-YOLOv3检测的m AP提高了6.05个百分点,速率提升了2.8帧/s,对稻瘟病和褐斑病的小病斑的检测能力明显增强,可以检测出原始网络模型漏检的小病斑;与Faster-RCNN、YOLOv5等模型对比,Rice-YOLOv3提高了对相似病害和微小病害的识别能力,并在原始的基础上提高了检测速率。

大豆叶型性状全基因组关联分析与候选基因鉴定

大豆叶片的形状和垂直分布影响群体冠层结构和光合效率并最终影响大豆的产量。植物叶片大小、形态因着生位置不同而产生差异的现象称为异形叶,虽然异形叶现象在被子植物中广泛存在,但目前关于大豆叶片发育过程中异形叶的调控的研究还很有限。本研究通过对283份大豆种质资源的叶长、叶宽、叶形指数和异形叶指数等叶型相关的性状在江苏南京进行连续2年的考察,利用全基因组关联分析检测到181个叶型性状相关位点,其中能够在2个环境或多个性状中重复检测到的位点18个。利用检测到的与叶型相关的SNP位点,结合基因的表达谱数据、拟南芥中同源基因的功能,鉴定与大豆叶片发育和异形叶形成相关的候选基因。其中在20号染色体的相关位点Chr20:36152820上游发现已知的大豆叶形调控基因Ln(Glyma.20G116200)。此外,在19号染色体的相关位点Chr19:45155943附近鉴定到2个候选基因Glyma.19G192700、Glyma.19G194100,分别被注释为Growth-regulating factor 4(GRF4)和LITTLE ZIPPER 3(ZPR3)基因的同源基因,为阐明大豆异形叶等叶型性状遗传的分子机制奠定了基础。

银杏叶总黄酮绿色提取工艺及抗氧化活性研究

采用单因素实验考察了低共熔溶剂种类、液料比、提取温度、n(氯化胆碱)∶n(尿素)、低共熔溶剂含水量、提取时间对银杏叶总黄酮提取率的影响,通过响应面法进一步优化了银杏叶总黄酮的提取工艺,并通过测定银杏叶总黄酮对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基、·OH、·O_(2)^(-)的清除能力,金属离子螯合能力及总还原能力综合评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明,最优提取工艺为:液料比30∶1(mL∶g)、提取温度57℃、n(氯化胆碱)∶n(尿素)为1∶1.6、低共熔溶剂含水量40%、提取时间60 min,在此条件下,银杏叶总黄酮提取率为1.062%,且其抗氧化活性显著优于传统乙醇提取工艺。

桑叶粉及桑叶提取物的功效和应用现状

桑叶为药食同源性食品,具有多种药理作用。近年来,随着人们对健康饮食需求的不断增加,桑叶粉及桑叶提取物作为一种新型的保健食品,在食品药品加工中的应用越来越广泛。通过文献综述和案例分析,介绍了桑叶粉及桑叶提取物的加工工艺、营养价值、功能特点和在食品药品加工中的应用现状及研究进展,展望了桑叶粉及桑叶提取物的未来发展方向,以期为进一步推动桑叶产业的发展,促进其在食品药品加工中的应用提供参考。

UV-B对不同品种生菜生长和品质的影响

以生菜为试材,以荧光灯为对照,采用相同功率的红∶蓝=4∶1组合光(RB)和红∶蓝∶UV-B=20∶5∶1(RBU)对绿叶、红叶、紫叶和深紫叶4个品种生菜进行全光照处理,比较不同光质处理对不同品种生菜生长、产量和品质的影响,以期探索UV-B对不同品种生菜(Lactuca sativa L.)生产的影响。结果表明:4个品种生菜均在荧光灯处理下表现最差,RBU处理下绿叶生菜在茎粗和地上鲜质量上显著低于RB处理,但绿叶生菜维生素C含量在RBU处理下显著高于RB处理,紫叶和深紫叶生菜在RBU处理下各生长指标和生物量与RB处理无显著差异,但RBU处理下二者花青素含量比RB处理显著提高。

土壤养分含量对山药叶片黄化的影响

以山药品种“雅山药1号”为试材,采用方差分析和相关性分析方法,研究了土壤养分含量对山药叶片黄化的影响,以期为改善黄化山药基地生产现状提供参考依据。结果表明:随着山药叶片黄化程度加剧,土壤pH、交换性Ca含量逐渐升高,土壤鲜样含水量、碱解N、速效K、有效Fe、总Fe、有效Mn含量逐渐降低,土壤有机质、有效P含量总体显著降低,有效S含量仅2级黄化低于0级,土壤交换性Mg、有效Zn、有效B、HCO_(3)^(-)含量与0级差异不显著。相关性分析结果表明,土壤pH与交换性Ca含量呈显著正相关,且二者与土壤含水量、有机质含量、碱解N、有效P、速效K、有效Fe、总Fe、有效Mn含量呈显著或极显著负相关。该研究初步确定山药叶片黄化与土壤pH、Ca含量升高,土壤有机质、含水量、N、P、K、Fe、Mn含量降低有关。

不同苜蓿品种叶片特征、光合生理特性与产量性状的比较

以国内外引进的8个紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)品种为试验材料,对比研究不同品种的叶片特征、产量性状和光合生理特性,采用相关性分析和通径分析法,探讨其与产量的关联性,以期为高产紫花苜蓿种质的筛选提供依据。结果表明:供试紫花苜蓿品种单株干重的变幅为0.88~1.21 g;各性状与单株干重的相关性按大小排序依次为:单株叶干重>比叶重>蒸腾速率>单株叶片数>叶形指数,单株叶干重是最突出的叶片特征指标。对单株干重的影响程度从大到小依次为:比叶重>气孔导度>可溶性蛋白>株高>蔗糖>可溶性糖>叶绿素总量,其中,比叶重是单株干重的主要决定因子。综上,高产紫花苜蓿种质筛选的重要指标包括:单株叶干重和比叶重,8个紫花苜蓿品种中‘甘农9号’、‘WL319HQ’和‘SG501’的单株干重、单株叶干重和比叶重均较大,可作为高产种质在育种工作中加以研究利用。

干旱-复水对桂西北喀斯特地区青冈栎幼苗叶片光合能力、叶绿素荧光和显微结构的影响

【目的】探讨喀斯特地区适生种青冈栎幼苗对“干旱-复水”环境的适应机制,为该地区植被恢复和人工造林提供理论依据。【方法】以当年生实生苗为材料,通过盆栽控水试验研究4种土壤干旱胁迫强度[对照(-0.1 MPa)、轻度干旱(-0.5 MPa)、中度干旱(-0.9 MPa)和重度干旱(-1.5 MPa)]及复水处理对叶片水分状况、光合效率、叶绿素荧光和解剖结构参数的影响。【结果】(1)随干旱胁迫加剧,叶片相对含水率、水势、净光合速率(P_(n))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))、气孔导度(Gs)和胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))均显著降低,而气孔限制值(L_(s))显著增加,但轻度胁迫下各光合参数以及轻中度胁迫下瞬时水分利用效率(WUE)均不受显著影响。复水后,各干旱处理叶片水分参数、P_(n)、T_(r)、Gs、C_(i)、WUE均比复水前提高,L_(s)比复水前降低;轻度胁迫复水后叶片水分和光合参数均优于对照,中度胁迫仅L_(s)未恢复,重度胁迫复水后叶片水分和光合参数均未恢复。(2)随干旱胁迫加剧,叶片初始荧光(F_(o))显著增加,最大荧光(F_(m))、最大光化学量子产量(F_(v)/F_(m))和潜在光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(o))均显著下降,且在轻度胁迫下均与对照显著差异。复水后,各干旱胁迫处理F_(m)、F_(v)/F_(m)和F_(v)/F_(o)比复水前提高,而F_(o)均略低于复水前,轻度胁迫复水后各叶绿素荧光参数均恢复或优于对照,中度和重度胁迫复水后F_(o)未恢复,且重度胁迫复水后F_(v)/F_(m)仅为0.75。(3)随干旱胁迫加剧,叶片厚度、上下表皮厚度、气孔密度、主脉导管直径均显著增加,叶片气孔器长度、宽度、开口面积、海绵组织厚度均显著降低,而栅栏组织厚度、栅海比和主脉厚度均表现为中度>轻度>对照>重度。复水后,各干旱胁迫处理气孔开口面积和主脉厚度比复水前显著提高;而轻度胁迫叶片结构参数也均恢复或优于对照,中度胁迫气孔开口面积仍显著低于对照,重度胁迫气孔开口未能恢复打开,主脉厚度也低于对照。【结论】青冈栎幼苗有较强耐旱性和旱后恢复能力,适合作为喀斯特地区的生态恢复树种,但在青冈栎幼苗抚育阶段应免受中度以上干旱胁迫(-0.9 MPa),以利于旱后恢复生长。

基于改进YOLO v5的复杂环境下桑树枝干识别定位方法

为实现复杂自然环境下对桑树嫩叶处枝干的识别检测,改变当前桑叶采摘设备作业过程中依赖人工辅助定位的现状,解决识别目标姿态多样和环境复杂导致的低识别率问题,提出一种基于改进YOLO v5模型的桑树枝干识别模型(YOLO v5-mulberry),并结合深度相机构建定位系统。首先,在YOLO v5的骨干网络中加入CBAM(Convolutional block attention module)注意力机制,提高神经网络对桑树枝干的关注度;并增加小目标层使模型可检测4像素×4像素的目标,提高了模型检测小目标的性能;同时使用GIoU损失函数替换原始网络中的IoU损失函数,有效防止了预测框和真实框尺寸较小时无法正确反映预测框及真实框之间位置关系的情况;随后,完成深度图和彩色图的像素对齐,通过坐标系转换获取桑树枝干三维坐标。试验结果表明:YOLO v5-mulberry检测模型的平均精度均值为94.2%,较原模型提高16.9个百分点,置信度也提高12.1%;模型室外检测时应检测目标数53,实际检测目标数为48,检测率为90.57%;桑树嫩叶处枝干三维坐标识别定位系统的定位误差为(9.4985 mm,11.285 mm,19.11 mm),满足使用要求。该研究可实现桑树嫩叶处枝干的识别与定位,有助于推动桑叶智能化采摘机器人研究。

贺兰山东麓葡萄园不同方位摘叶对赤霞珠果实品质的影响

酿酒葡萄转色后摘叶会改变微气候,从而影响葡萄果实糖、酸、酚类物质等品质因子的积累。以南北行向种植的赤霞珠酿酒葡萄为试验材料,在贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄果园开展葡萄东面摘叶、西面摘叶和东西两面摘叶三种方式摘叶试验,以田间正常叶幕水平为对照,研究不同摘叶方位对成熟期果实品质的影响。结果表明:(1)与对照相比,赤霞珠酿酒葡萄果实转色后进行东面摘叶可使成熟果实中可溶性固形物、葡萄糖、果糖、总酸、糖酸比、苹果酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸和单宁含量不同程度增加,其中果糖、柠檬酸和酒石酸含量增加显著;果实还原糖、总酚、花青素含量比对照减少,但差异不显著。(2)西面摘叶处理下成熟葡萄果实可溶性固形物、还原糖、总酚和花青素含量略下降,果糖、苹果酸、柠檬酸和单宁显著上升,葡萄糖和酒石酸含量略上升。(3)双面摘叶葡萄果实的单宁含量显著增加,葡萄糖、果糖、柠檬酸和酒石酸含量略增加,可溶性固形物、还原糖、总酸、苹果酸、总酚和花青素含量都比对照要低。综合分析认为,摘叶后葡萄果实糖的含量整体呈不显著增加,但东面摘叶处理葡萄果实中酸含量均提高、单宁含量增加,总酚和花青素虽然略有减少,减少幅度相对最小。针对目前贺兰山东麓葡萄酒产区糖高酸低现状,建议在贺兰山东麓南北行向种植的葡萄园,采用东面摘叶为主的叶幕管理模式进行果实品质因子调控,从而达到平衡葡萄果实整体风味物质的作用。

种植技术和种植密度对吉花2号主要农艺性状和产量的影响

研究不同种植技术和种植密度对吉林省多粒型花生吉花2号主要农艺性状和产量的影响,筛选适宜吉林省生态环境的种植技术和最佳种植密度,完善吉花2号配套高效栽培技术。采用2种种植技术及5个种植密度(1.79×10^(5)、2.02×10^(5)、2.30×10^(5)、2.69×10^(5)、3.23×10^(5)株/hm^(2)),研究特定时期花生光合指标及产量变化。结果显示,吉花2号采用小垄双行种植技术、种植密度为2.02×10^(5)株/hm^(2)时生育期最短,较双粒穴播种植技术生育期提前1~2 d;植株的株高最小,有利于地下部干物质积累;叶面积系数最大,总光合势最大;产量最高(3651.15 kg/hm^(2)),较双粒穴播种植技术增产10.17%。小垄双行种植技术在不同密度下,吉花2号产量都高于双粒穴播种植技术。因此,小垄双行种植技术在生产上应大力推广。